Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    13 Have you decided yet?
    17 What's happened?
    12 I've spoken with him.
    11 Have you eaten?
    4 Have you been here before?
    18 I've known him for years.
    3 She hasn't come yet.
    10 They haven't arrived yet.
    5 I've never been there.
    2 Have you seen it?
    9 We haven't met for months.
    1 Where have you been?
    16 I haven't bought it yet.
    7 Nobody has heard about it.
    14 I've changed my mind.
    15 He hasn't brought it yet.
    8 I've just read it.
    6 Have we met before?

    Naučte se obrat I haven't seen you in ages! nebo I haven't seen you for ages! Odpovídá českému “Už jsem tě strašně dlouho neviděl.” ap. Obdobně lze užít obrat I haven't heard from him for ages. - “Už se mi neozval, ani nepamatuji.” ap.

    Exercise 2

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  • 597

    • Napište věty, které uslyšíte a infinitivy sloves užitých v předpřítomném čase.

    5
    10
    8
    7
    3
    9
    6
    4
    2
    1

    Exercise 3

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    • Doplňte vhodný tvar uvedeného slovesa podle času.

    5 They've leave already.
    9 Have you send the e-mail?
    2 I haven't speak to him for weeks.
    7 We've never be there.
    3 She hasn't come yet.
    10 I've buy some apples.
    6 I've hear about it.
    4 I have see that film.
    8 I've tell him about it.
    1 He's break his leg.

    Exercise 4

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  • 599

    • Spojte položky e-mailu s jejich překlady.

    • 1 Recipient
    • 2 Dear Sir/Madam
    • 3 Subject
    • 4 Find attached
    • 5 Please let me know asap.
    • 6 Please confirm receipt
    • 7 Looking forward to your reply
    • 8 Yours faithfully
    • h Předmět
    • a V příloze najdete
    • c Vážená paní / Vážený pane
    • d Příjemce
    • b Prosím potvrďte přijetí
    • g Dejte mi prosím vědět co nejdříve.
    • f Těším se na Vaši odpověď
    • e S pozdravem

    Při oslovování skupiny osob (organizace, firmy) lze užít: Dear Sirs - “Vážení” ap. Pokud si nejste jisti, zda je adresát muž nebo žena, lze užít: Sir/Madam. Ale pozor! Zvolání: Oh dear! znamená údiv: Ježíši! nebo Pane Bože! ap.

    Exercise 5

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  • 601

    • Rozepište stažené tvary na plné. Soustřeďte se na užití be a have.

    10 He's had three beers.
    4 Who's there?
    5 She's been there before.
    9 There's been a lot of time.
    12 How's it going?
    7 I've told him.
    1 What's new?
    2 What's happened?
    6 She's still there.
    8 There's a problem.
    11 He's coming too.
    3 Who's done it?

    Exercise 6

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  • 602

    • Doplňte správné tvary do či make.

    15 I need to a phone call.
    7 How much money did she ?
    9 I have only 10 dollars. Will it ?
    2 We have no mistakes.
    12 You've a mess of it!
    11 What sports do you ?
    4 I've some tea.
    6 Have you your homework?
    5 I'm my best.
    3 I the shopping yesterday.
    14 He's great progress.
    1 Have you the cleaning?
    13 We can without them.
    8 They've a lot of damage.
    10 It no sense.

    Exercise 7

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  • 603

    • Vyberte vhodné části frázových sloves.

    10 Don't give up! Keep off/on/out trying.
    3 We will get in/back/for to that later.
    9 We have to check on/for/in at the hotel first.
    6 I don't know, but I will find after/in/out.
    7 I don't smoke. I've let/taken/given up smoking.
    2 He's very angry. He should calm up/down/in.
    1 She has three kids. She must look at/after/forward them.
    8 I'll give you a ride. Get in/on/at the car!
    4 I'm looking for/after/forward to seeing you.
    5 Can you pick me out/up/for at the airport?

    Exercise 8

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  • 604

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Would you like a sandwich?
    • 2 Is this your first time here?
    • 3 Have you spoken with him?
    • 4 Why isn't she coming?
    • 5 Do we have milk?
    • 6 Have you informed them?
    • 7 Why are you taking a taxi?
    • 8 Do you know this film?
    • f She's changed her mind.
    • b Yes, I've bought some.
    • c Our car has broken down.
    • a Yes, he called an hour ago.
    • d Yes, I've seen it twice.
    • g No, I've been here before.
    • h I've sent them an e-mail.
    • e No, thanks. I've eaten.

    Slovo before je v angličtině nejen předložka (před), ale také příslovce znamenající (už) předtím, (už) dříve. Vyskytuje se typicky na konci věty a často se pojí s předpřítomným či předminulým časem. Např.: I have never been here before. - “Ještě jsem tady nikdy nebyl.”, It's happened before. - Už k tomu dříve došlo. ap.

    Exercise 9

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  • 606

    • Doplňte správnou předložku.

    7 Please confirm receipt this message.
    5 Send it this address.
    1 She was tired. She's gone bed.
    2 I haven't heard from him weeks.
    6 I don't smoke. I've given smoking.
    8 I need to log , but I don't know the password.
    10 whom it may concern
    3 He hasn't replied my e-mail.
    9 Stop doing it! I'm tired it.
    4 She's gone out lunch.

    Exercise 10

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  • 607

    • Utvořte ze slov věty v předpřítomném čase.

    2
    my parents, not arrive yet
    6
    you, do, the dishes?
    5
    they, not, send it
    7
    he, not, find it
    1
    she, break, her arm
    4
    I, make, dinner
    3
    I, cut, myself
    8
    why, you, come here?
    9
    she, speak, with him

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu čas minulý prostý nebo předpřítomný.

    5 I write to him a week ago, but he not reply yet.
    1 I was tired. I go to bed early.
    4 I not see John last week.
    2 We meet a month ago, but I not speak with him since then.
    9 They spend the last week at the seaside, but I go to the mountains.
    7 I send 10 e-mails today, but I not send any yesterday.
    3 She lose her key, but she find it already.
    11 She promise to call, but she not call yet.
    6 She know about it, but she not go there yesterday.
    8 you watch the film last night? No, I not see it yet.
    10 He not eat his breakfast this morning. He not eat for almost two days.

    Čas minulý prostý (past simple) je vymezen konkrétním časem nebo časovým úsekem v minulosti bez souvislosti s přítomností, zatímco čas předpřítomný (present perfect) svým dějem nějak zasahuje z minulosti do přítomnosti, nebo říká, že daný časový úsek, v němž něco nastalo nebo může nastat, ještě není ukončený.

    Exercise 12

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  • 610

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo. Soustřeďte se na užité fráze.

    3 I don't understand it. It doesn't give/do/make sense.
    4 She's arrived at the airport. I must get/pick/check her up.
    2 The computer won't start. I think it's broken down/taken out/checked out.
    7 We're going nowhere. I've refused/joined/cancelled our reservation.
    5 He hasn't made any promise/progress/problems. His English is still bad.
    6 They haven't checked off/checked out/logged out of the hotel yet.
    9 Did he get your message? – I don't know. He hasn't confirmed/cancelled/switched receipt yet.
    1 The radio is disturbing/interesting/cancelling me. Can you turn it off?
    8 We'll do it ourselves. We can do with/without/after their help.

    Do you get the joke? - Rozumíte vtipu?: Mother: Doctor, my son has eaten my pen! What can I do? ... Doctor: Use a pencil!

    Exercise 13

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    • Doplňte vhodné frázové sloveso.

    2 The computer is still on. He's forgotten to it off.
    7 I'm hot. I need to off my jacket.
    6 I can't hear the radio. Can you it up?
    3 I didn't tell her, but she knows! How did she out?
    9 I'll be right with you. on a minute!
    5 Keep trying! Don't up. You can do it.
    4 He can't wait for you to come. He's to seeing you.
    8 I can't read it. I must on my glasses.
    1 I missed my stop. I forgot to off the bus.

    Zapamatujte si užitečný obrat I'll be right with you. - “Hned jsem u vás.”

    Exercise 14

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  • 614

    • Přeložte pomocí času předpřítomného. Využijte nápovědu.

    10 Už jste jedli? eat
    2 Už odešla. leave
    5 Zlomil si ruku. arm
    1 Nikdy v Londýně nebyl. to
    4 Ještě jsem to neviděl. not, yet
    7 Jak dlouho už tu jsi? how long
    3 Už jsi to četl? read, yet
    6 Znám ho už 5 let. for 5 years
    8 Už je to dlouho. long time
    9 Už jste se někdy setkali? meet

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte since, for, yet nebo already.

    2 Have you cleaned ?
    3 I've done that .
    8 Are you leaving ? - Yes I have to go.
    4 We've lived here last year.
    7 Are you ready? - Not .
    5 They haven't arrived .
    1 I've been here two hours.
    6 She's worked here five years.

    Exercise 16

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  • 616

    • Řekněte anglicky.

    12 Už? – Ještě ne!
    8 Bydlíme tady od roku 1990.
    11 Ještě to nenašel.
    4 Už jsi jí to řekl?
    2 Nic se nezměnilo. (zatím)
    1 Už jsem jedl.
    3 Ještě to neposlal.
    5 Znám ho už roky.
    9 Už odcházíte?
    6 Ještě jsem neskončil.
    7 Jak dlouho už tam pracuješ?
    10 Nikdy jsem tam nebyl.

    Stejný význam jako frázová slovesa turn on (zapnout) a turn off (vypnout) mají v angličtině switch on a switch off. Všimněte si, že se v nich vyskytují stejné předložky (částice). Samotné ON znamená zapnutý a OFF je vypnutý.