Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    7 Nobody has heard about it.
    18 I've known him for years.
    3 She hasn't come yet.
    11 Have you eaten?
    2 Have you seen it?
    10 They haven't arrived yet.
    15 He hasn't brought it yet.
    8 I've just read it.
    6 Have we met before?
    1 Where have you been?
    9 We haven't met for months.
    17 What's happened?
    12 I've spoken with him.
    4 Have you been here before?
    14 I've changed my mind.
    13 Have you decided yet?
    5 I've never been there.
    16 I haven't bought it yet.

    Naučte se obrat I haven't seen you in ages! nebo I haven't seen you for ages! Odpovídá českému “Už jsem tě strašně dlouho neviděl.” ap. Obdobně lze užít obrat I haven't heard from him for ages. - “Už se mi neozval, ani nepamatuji.” ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Napište věty, které uslyšíte a infinitivy sloves užitých v předpřítomném čase.

    2
    8
    10
    5
    4
    6
    7
    9
    1
    3

    Exercise 3

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    • Doplňte vhodný tvar uvedeného slovesa podle času.

    10 I've buy some apples.
    6 I've hear about it.
    9 Have you send the e-mail?
    8 I've tell him about it.
    4 I have see that film.
    7 We've never be there.
    1 He's break his leg.
    2 I haven't speak to him for weeks.
    5 They've leave already.
    3 She hasn't come yet.

    Exercise 4

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    • Spojte položky e-mailu s jejich překlady.

    • 1 Recipient
    • 2 Dear Sir/Madam
    • 3 Subject
    • 4 Find attached
    • 5 Please let me know asap.
    • 6 Please confirm receipt
    • 7 Looking forward to your reply
    • 8 Yours faithfully
    • h Předmět
    • f Těším se na Vaši odpověď
    • d Příjemce
    • c Vážená paní / Vážený pane
    • e S pozdravem
    • b Prosím potvrďte přijetí
    • a V příloze najdete
    • g Dejte mi prosím vědět co nejdříve.

    Při oslovování skupiny osob (organizace, firmy) lze užít: Dear Sirs - “Vážení” ap. Pokud si nejste jisti, zda je adresát muž nebo žena, lze užít: Sir/Madam. Ale pozor! Zvolání: Oh dear! znamená údiv: Ježíši! nebo Pane Bože! ap.

    Exercise 5

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    • Rozepište stažené tvary na plné. Soustřeďte se na užití be a have.

    9 There's been a lot of time.
    3 Who's done it?
    4 Who's there?
    1 What's new?
    7 I've told him.
    10 He's had three beers.
    2 What's happened?
    6 She's still there.
    12 How's it going?
    5 She's been there before.
    11 He's coming too.
    8 There's a problem.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte správné tvary do či make.

    15 I need to a phone call.
    8 They've a lot of damage.
    13 We can without them.
    3 I the shopping yesterday.
    9 I have only 10 dollars. Will it ?
    11 What sports do you ?
    6 Have you your homework?
    14 He's great progress.
    2 We have no mistakes.
    1 Have you the cleaning?
    7 How much money did she ?
    10 It no sense.
    5 I'm my best.
    4 I've some tea.
    12 You've a mess of it!

    Exercise 7

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    • Vyberte vhodné části frázových sloves.

    7 I don't smoke. I've let/taken/given up smoking.
    10 Don't give up! Keep off/on/out trying.
    1 She has three kids. She must look at/after/forward them.
    9 We have to check on/for/in at the hotel first.
    5 Can you pick me out/up/for at the airport?
    8 I'll give you a ride. Get in/on/at the car!
    6 I don't know, but I will find after/in/out.
    4 I'm looking for/after/forward to seeing you.
    2 He's very angry. He should calm up/down/in.
    3 We will get in/back/for to that later.

    Exercise 8

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Would you like a sandwich?
    • 2 Is this your first time here?
    • 3 Have you spoken with him?
    • 4 Why isn't she coming?
    • 5 Do we have milk?
    • 6 Have you informed them?
    • 7 Why are you taking a taxi?
    • 8 Do you know this film?
    • f She's changed her mind.
    • c Our car has broken down.
    • a Yes, he called an hour ago.
    • d Yes, I've seen it twice.
    • e No, thanks. I've eaten.
    • b Yes, I've bought some.
    • h I've sent them an e-mail.
    • g No, I've been here before.

    Slovo before je v angličtině nejen předložka (před), ale také příslovce znamenající (už) předtím, (už) dříve. Vyskytuje se typicky na konci věty a často se pojí s předpřítomným či předminulým časem. Např.: I have never been here before. - “Ještě jsem tady nikdy nebyl.”, It's happened before. - Už k tomu dříve došlo. ap.

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnou předložku.

    1 She was tired. She's gone bed.
    2 I haven't heard from him weeks.
    10 whom it may concern
    6 I don't smoke. I've given smoking.
    4 She's gone out lunch.
    3 He hasn't replied my e-mail.
    5 Send it this address.
    8 I need to log , but I don't know the password.
    9 Stop doing it! I'm tired it.
    7 Please confirm receipt this message.

    Exercise 10

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v předpřítomném čase.

    6
    you, do, the dishes?
    8
    why, you, come here?
    4
    I, make, dinner
    9
    she, speak, with him
    7
    he, not, find it
    3
    I, cut, myself
    5
    they, not, send it
    2
    my parents, not arrive yet
    1
    she, break, her arm

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu čas minulý prostý nebo předpřítomný.

    11 She promise to call, but she not call yet.
    10 He not eat his breakfast this morning. He not eat for almost two days.
    9 They spend the last week at the seaside, but I go to the mountains.
    6 She know about it, but she not go there yesterday.
    5 I write to him a week ago, but he not reply yet.
    8 you watch the film last night? No, I not see it yet.
    1 I was tired. I go to bed early.
    4 I not see John last week.
    7 I send 10 e-mails today, but I not send any yesterday.
    3 She lose her key, but she find it already.
    2 We meet a month ago, but I not speak with him since then.

    Čas minulý prostý (past simple) je vymezen konkrétním časem nebo časovým úsekem v minulosti bez souvislosti s přítomností, zatímco čas předpřítomný (present perfect) svým dějem nějak zasahuje z minulosti do přítomnosti, nebo říká, že daný časový úsek, v němž něco nastalo nebo může nastat, ještě není ukončený.

    Exercise 12

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo. Soustřeďte se na užité fráze.

    4 She's arrived at the airport. I must get/pick/check her up.
    3 I don't understand it. It doesn't give/do/make sense.
    9 Did he get your message? – I don't know. He hasn't confirmed/cancelled/switched receipt yet.
    5 He hasn't made any promise/progress/problems. His English is still bad.
    1 The radio is disturbing/interesting/cancelling me. Can you turn it off?
    2 The computer won't start. I think it's broken down/taken out/checked out.
    6 They haven't checked off/checked out/logged out of the hotel yet.
    7 We're going nowhere. I've refused/joined/cancelled our reservation.
    8 We'll do it ourselves. We can do with/without/after their help.

    Do you get the joke? - Rozumíte vtipu?: Mother: Doctor, my son has eaten my pen! What can I do? ... Doctor: Use a pencil!

    Exercise 13

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    • Doplňte vhodné frázové sloveso.

    4 He can't wait for you to come. He's to seeing you.
    8 I can't read it. I must on my glasses.
    7 I'm hot. I need to off my jacket.
    1 I missed my stop. I forgot to off the bus.
    3 I didn't tell her, but she knows! How did she out?
    5 Keep trying! Don't up. You can do it.
    2 The computer is still on. He's forgotten to it off.
    9 I'll be right with you. on a minute!
    6 I can't hear the radio. Can you it up?

    Zapamatujte si užitečný obrat I'll be right with you. - “Hned jsem u vás.”

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte pomocí času předpřítomného. Využijte nápovědu.

    8 Už je to dlouho. long time
    5 Zlomil si ruku. arm
    4 Ještě jsem to neviděl. not, yet
    1 Nikdy v Londýně nebyl. to
    10 Už jste jedli? eat
    2 Už odešla. leave
    6 Znám ho už 5 let. for 5 years
    9 Už jste se někdy setkali? meet
    7 Jak dlouho už tu jsi? how long
    3 Už jsi to četl? read, yet

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte since, for, yet nebo already.

    3 I've done that .
    4 We've lived here last year.
    5 They haven't arrived .
    8 Are you leaving ? - Yes I have to go.
    1 I've been here two hours.
    2 Have you cleaned ?
    7 Are you ready? - Not .
    6 She's worked here five years.

    Exercise 16

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    4 Už jsi jí to řekl?
    11 Ještě to nenašel.
    5 Znám ho už roky.
    7 Jak dlouho už tam pracuješ?
    9 Už odcházíte?
    12 Už? – Ještě ne!
    6 Ještě jsem neskončil.
    1 Už jsem jedl.
    10 Nikdy jsem tam nebyl.
    3 Ještě to neposlal.
    8 Bydlíme tady od roku 1990.
    2 Nic se nezměnilo. (zatím)

    Stejný význam jako frázová slovesa turn on (zapnout) a turn off (vypnout) mají v angličtině switch on a switch off. Všimněte si, že se v nich vyskytují stejné předložky (částice). Samotné ON znamená zapnutý a OFF je vypnutý.