Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    7 Nobody has heard about it.
    13 Have you decided yet?
    8 I've just read it.
    16 I haven't bought it yet.
    11 Have you eaten?
    15 He hasn't brought it yet.
    9 We haven't met for months.
    1 Where have you been?
    14 I've changed my mind.
    12 I've spoken with him.
    18 I've known him for years.
    17 What's happened?
    2 Have you seen it?
    3 She hasn't come yet.
    10 They haven't arrived yet.
    4 Have you been here before?
    5 I've never been there.
    6 Have we met before?

    Naučte se obrat I haven't seen you in ages! nebo I haven't seen you for ages! Odpovídá českému “Už jsem tě strašně dlouho neviděl.” ap. Obdobně lze užít obrat I haven't heard from him for ages. - “Už se mi neozval, ani nepamatuji.” ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Napište věty, které uslyšíte a infinitivy sloves užitých v předpřítomném čase.

    10
    8
    7
    6
    1
    9
    4
    3
    2
    5

    Exercise 3

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    • Doplňte vhodný tvar uvedeného slovesa podle času.

    2 I haven't speak to him for weeks.
    8 I've tell him about it.
    3 She hasn't come yet.
    5 They've leave already.
    10 I've buy some apples.
    9 Have you send the e-mail?
    1 He's break his leg.
    7 We've never be there.
    4 I have see that film.
    6 I've hear about it.

    Exercise 4

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    • Spojte položky e-mailu s jejich překlady.

    • 1 Recipient
    • 2 Dear Sir/Madam
    • 3 Subject
    • 4 Find attached
    • 5 Please let me know asap.
    • 6 Please confirm receipt
    • 7 Looking forward to your reply
    • 8 Yours faithfully
    • g Dejte mi prosím vědět co nejdříve.
    • e S pozdravem
    • c Vážená paní / Vážený pane
    • a V příloze najdete
    • d Příjemce
    • b Prosím potvrďte přijetí
    • h Předmět
    • f Těším se na Vaši odpověď

    Při oslovování skupiny osob (organizace, firmy) lze užít: Dear Sirs - “Vážení” ap. Pokud si nejste jisti, zda je adresát muž nebo žena, lze užít: Sir/Madam. Ale pozor! Zvolání: Oh dear! znamená údiv: Ježíši! nebo Pane Bože! ap.

    Exercise 5

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    • Rozepište stažené tvary na plné. Soustřeďte se na užití be a have.

    8 There's a problem.
    6 She's still there.
    11 He's coming too.
    2 What's happened?
    9 There's been a lot of time.
    12 How's it going?
    3 Who's done it?
    5 She's been there before.
    4 Who's there?
    10 He's had three beers.
    1 What's new?
    7 I've told him.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte správné tvary do či make.

    12 You've a mess of it!
    7 How much money did she ?
    8 They've a lot of damage.
    10 It no sense.
    14 He's great progress.
    4 I've some tea.
    3 I the shopping yesterday.
    2 We have no mistakes.
    5 I'm my best.
    1 Have you the cleaning?
    15 I need to a phone call.
    11 What sports do you ?
    6 Have you your homework?
    9 I have only 10 dollars. Will it ?
    13 We can without them.

    Exercise 7

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    • Vyberte vhodné části frázových sloves.

    9 We have to check on/for/in at the hotel first.
    2 He's very angry. He should calm up/down/in.
    3 We will get in/back/for to that later.
    5 Can you pick me out/up/for at the airport?
    8 I'll give you a ride. Get in/on/at the car!
    7 I don't smoke. I've let/taken/given up smoking.
    10 Don't give up! Keep off/on/out trying.
    6 I don't know, but I will find after/in/out.
    4 I'm looking for/after/forward to seeing you.
    1 She has three kids. She must look at/after/forward them.

    Exercise 8

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Would you like a sandwich?
    • 2 Is this your first time here?
    • 3 Have you spoken with him?
    • 4 Why isn't she coming?
    • 5 Do we have milk?
    • 6 Have you informed them?
    • 7 Why are you taking a taxi?
    • 8 Do you know this film?
    • f She's changed her mind.
    • h I've sent them an e-mail.
    • d Yes, I've seen it twice.
    • e No, thanks. I've eaten.
    • c Our car has broken down.
    • a Yes, he called an hour ago.
    • b Yes, I've bought some.
    • g No, I've been here before.

    Slovo before je v angličtině nejen předložka (před), ale také příslovce znamenající (už) předtím, (už) dříve. Vyskytuje se typicky na konci věty a často se pojí s předpřítomným či předminulým časem. Např.: I have never been here before. - “Ještě jsem tady nikdy nebyl.”, It's happened before. - Už k tomu dříve došlo. ap.

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnou předložku.

    9 Stop doing it! I'm tired it.
    5 Send it this address.
    2 I haven't heard from him weeks.
    3 He hasn't replied my e-mail.
    6 I don't smoke. I've given smoking.
    4 She's gone out lunch.
    7 Please confirm receipt this message.
    8 I need to log , but I don't know the password.
    1 She was tired. She's gone bed.
    10 whom it may concern

    Exercise 10

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v předpřítomném čase.

    9
    she, speak, with him
    8
    why, you, come here?
    6
    you, do, the dishes?
    4
    I, make, dinner
    3
    I, cut, myself
    5
    they, not, send it
    2
    my parents, not arrive yet
    1
    she, break, her arm
    7
    he, not, find it

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu čas minulý prostý nebo předpřítomný.

    7 I send 10 e-mails today, but I not send any yesterday.
    2 We meet a month ago, but I not speak with him since then.
    9 They spend the last week at the seaside, but I go to the mountains.
    4 I not see John last week.
    3 She lose her key, but she find it already.
    6 She know about it, but she not go there yesterday.
    11 She promise to call, but she not call yet.
    1 I was tired. I go to bed early.
    8 you watch the film last night? No, I not see it yet.
    5 I write to him a week ago, but he not reply yet.
    10 He not eat his breakfast this morning. He not eat for almost two days.

    Čas minulý prostý (past simple) je vymezen konkrétním časem nebo časovým úsekem v minulosti bez souvislosti s přítomností, zatímco čas předpřítomný (present perfect) svým dějem nějak zasahuje z minulosti do přítomnosti, nebo říká, že daný časový úsek, v němž něco nastalo nebo může nastat, ještě není ukončený.

    Exercise 12

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo. Soustřeďte se na užité fráze.

    5 He hasn't made any promise/progress/problems. His English is still bad.
    6 They haven't checked off/checked out/logged out of the hotel yet.
    7 We're going nowhere. I've refused/joined/cancelled our reservation.
    9 Did he get your message? – I don't know. He hasn't confirmed/cancelled/switched receipt yet.
    3 I don't understand it. It doesn't give/do/make sense.
    8 We'll do it ourselves. We can do with/without/after their help.
    1 The radio is disturbing/interesting/cancelling me. Can you turn it off?
    2 The computer won't start. I think it's broken down/taken out/checked out.
    4 She's arrived at the airport. I must get/pick/check her up.

    Do you get the joke? - Rozumíte vtipu?: Mother: Doctor, my son has eaten my pen! What can I do? ... Doctor: Use a pencil!

    Exercise 13

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    • Doplňte vhodné frázové sloveso.

    1 I missed my stop. I forgot to off the bus.
    9 I'll be right with you. on a minute!
    8 I can't read it. I must on my glasses.
    7 I'm hot. I need to off my jacket.
    2 The computer is still on. He's forgotten to it off.
    4 He can't wait for you to come. He's to seeing you.
    5 Keep trying! Don't up. You can do it.
    3 I didn't tell her, but she knows! How did she out?
    6 I can't hear the radio. Can you it up?

    Zapamatujte si užitečný obrat I'll be right with you. - “Hned jsem u vás.”

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte pomocí času předpřítomného. Využijte nápovědu.

    10 Už jste jedli? eat
    1 Nikdy v Londýně nebyl. to
    8 Už je to dlouho. long time
    3 Už jsi to četl? read, yet
    7 Jak dlouho už tu jsi? how long
    6 Znám ho už 5 let. for 5 years
    4 Ještě jsem to neviděl. not, yet
    5 Zlomil si ruku. arm
    9 Už jste se někdy setkali? meet
    2 Už odešla. leave

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte since, for, yet nebo already.

    7 Are you ready? - Not .
    2 Have you cleaned ?
    6 She's worked here five years.
    3 I've done that .
    4 We've lived here last year.
    8 Are you leaving ? - Yes I have to go.
    1 I've been here two hours.
    5 They haven't arrived .

    Exercise 16

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    2 Nic se nezměnilo. (zatím)
    8 Bydlíme tady od roku 1990.
    1 Už jsem jedl.
    3 Ještě to neposlal.
    11 Ještě to nenašel.
    10 Nikdy jsem tam nebyl.
    5 Znám ho už roky.
    9 Už odcházíte?
    6 Ještě jsem neskončil.
    4 Už jsi jí to řekl?
    7 Jak dlouho už tam pracuješ?
    12 Už? – Ještě ne!

    Stejný význam jako frázová slovesa turn on (zapnout) a turn off (vypnout) mají v angličtině switch on a switch off. Všimněte si, že se v nich vyskytují stejné předložky (částice). Samotné ON znamená zapnutý a OFF je vypnutý.