Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    12 I've spoken with him.
    1 Where have you been?
    17 What's happened?
    3 She hasn't come yet.
    16 I haven't bought it yet.
    10 They haven't arrived yet.
    6 Have we met before?
    5 I've never been there.
    15 He hasn't brought it yet.
    2 Have you seen it?
    9 We haven't met for months.
    7 Nobody has heard about it.
    11 Have you eaten?
    13 Have you decided yet?
    4 Have you been here before?
    8 I've just read it.
    18 I've known him for years.
    14 I've changed my mind.

    Naučte se obrat I haven't seen you in ages! nebo I haven't seen you for ages! Odpovídá českému “Už jsem tě strašně dlouho neviděl.” ap. Obdobně lze užít obrat I haven't heard from him for ages. - “Už se mi neozval, ani nepamatuji.” ap.

    Exercise 2

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  • 597

    • Napište věty, které uslyšíte a infinitivy sloves užitých v předpřítomném čase.

    3
    1
    10
    5
    4
    8
    7
    2
    9
    6

    Exercise 3

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    • Doplňte vhodný tvar uvedeného slovesa podle času.

    7 We've never be there.
    9 Have you send the e-mail?
    6 I've hear about it.
    1 He's break his leg.
    2 I haven't speak to him for weeks.
    4 I have see that film.
    5 They've leave already.
    8 I've tell him about it.
    10 I've buy some apples.
    3 She hasn't come yet.

    Exercise 4

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    • Spojte položky e-mailu s jejich překlady.

    • 1 Recipient
    • 2 Dear Sir/Madam
    • 3 Subject
    • 4 Find attached
    • 5 Please let me know asap.
    • 6 Please confirm receipt
    • 7 Looking forward to your reply
    • 8 Yours faithfully
    • d Příjemce
    • b Prosím potvrďte přijetí
    • f Těším se na Vaši odpověď
    • h Předmět
    • g Dejte mi prosím vědět co nejdříve.
    • c Vážená paní / Vážený pane
    • e S pozdravem
    • a V příloze najdete

    Při oslovování skupiny osob (organizace, firmy) lze užít: Dear Sirs - “Vážení” ap. Pokud si nejste jisti, zda je adresát muž nebo žena, lze užít: Sir/Madam. Ale pozor! Zvolání: Oh dear! znamená údiv: Ježíši! nebo Pane Bože! ap.

    Exercise 5

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    • Rozepište stažené tvary na plné. Soustřeďte se na užití be a have.

    3 Who's done it?
    7 I've told him.
    9 There's been a lot of time.
    2 What's happened?
    1 What's new?
    4 Who's there?
    8 There's a problem.
    5 She's been there before.
    10 He's had three beers.
    12 How's it going?
    11 He's coming too.
    6 She's still there.

    Exercise 6

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  • 602

    • Doplňte správné tvary do či make.

    12 You've a mess of it!
    6 Have you your homework?
    15 I need to a phone call.
    8 They've a lot of damage.
    13 We can without them.
    10 It no sense.
    2 We have no mistakes.
    9 I have only 10 dollars. Will it ?
    14 He's great progress.
    3 I the shopping yesterday.
    5 I'm my best.
    7 How much money did she ?
    1 Have you the cleaning?
    4 I've some tea.
    11 What sports do you ?

    Exercise 7

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    • Vyberte vhodné části frázových sloves.

    3 We will get in/back/for to that later.
    5 Can you pick me out/up/for at the airport?
    4 I'm looking for/after/forward to seeing you.
    9 We have to check on/for/in at the hotel first.
    10 Don't give up! Keep off/on/out trying.
    7 I don't smoke. I've let/taken/given up smoking.
    8 I'll give you a ride. Get in/on/at the car!
    6 I don't know, but I will find after/in/out.
    1 She has three kids. She must look at/after/forward them.
    2 He's very angry. He should calm up/down/in.

    Exercise 8

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  • 604

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Would you like a sandwich?
    • 2 Is this your first time here?
    • 3 Have you spoken with him?
    • 4 Why isn't she coming?
    • 5 Do we have milk?
    • 6 Have you informed them?
    • 7 Why are you taking a taxi?
    • 8 Do you know this film?
    • g No, I've been here before.
    • a Yes, he called an hour ago.
    • f She's changed her mind.
    • h I've sent them an e-mail.
    • d Yes, I've seen it twice.
    • e No, thanks. I've eaten.
    • c Our car has broken down.
    • b Yes, I've bought some.

    Slovo before je v angličtině nejen předložka (před), ale také příslovce znamenající (už) předtím, (už) dříve. Vyskytuje se typicky na konci věty a často se pojí s předpřítomným či předminulým časem. Např.: I have never been here before. - “Ještě jsem tady nikdy nebyl.”, It's happened before. - Už k tomu dříve došlo. ap.

    Exercise 9

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  • 606

    • Doplňte správnou předložku.

    6 I don't smoke. I've given smoking.
    2 I haven't heard from him weeks.
    1 She was tired. She's gone bed.
    10 whom it may concern
    4 She's gone out lunch.
    9 Stop doing it! I'm tired it.
    8 I need to log , but I don't know the password.
    7 Please confirm receipt this message.
    5 Send it this address.
    3 He hasn't replied my e-mail.

    Exercise 10

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  • 607

    • Utvořte ze slov věty v předpřítomném čase.

    8
    why, you, come here?
    6
    you, do, the dishes?
    2
    my parents, not arrive yet
    4
    I, make, dinner
    5
    they, not, send it
    7
    he, not, find it
    3
    I, cut, myself
    9
    she, speak, with him
    1
    she, break, her arm

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu čas minulý prostý nebo předpřítomný.

    2 We meet a month ago, but I not speak with him since then.
    9 They spend the last week at the seaside, but I go to the mountains.
    11 She promise to call, but she not call yet.
    8 you watch the film last night? No, I not see it yet.
    4 I not see John last week.
    7 I send 10 e-mails today, but I not send any yesterday.
    6 She know about it, but she not go there yesterday.
    1 I was tired. I go to bed early.
    3 She lose her key, but she find it already.
    5 I write to him a week ago, but he not reply yet.
    10 He not eat his breakfast this morning. He not eat for almost two days.

    Čas minulý prostý (past simple) je vymezen konkrétním časem nebo časovým úsekem v minulosti bez souvislosti s přítomností, zatímco čas předpřítomný (present perfect) svým dějem nějak zasahuje z minulosti do přítomnosti, nebo říká, že daný časový úsek, v němž něco nastalo nebo může nastat, ještě není ukončený.

    Exercise 12

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  • 610

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo. Soustřeďte se na užité fráze.

    8 We'll do it ourselves. We can do with/without/after their help.
    2 The computer won't start. I think it's broken down/taken out/checked out.
    4 She's arrived at the airport. I must get/pick/check her up.
    1 The radio is disturbing/interesting/cancelling me. Can you turn it off?
    6 They haven't checked off/checked out/logged out of the hotel yet.
    7 We're going nowhere. I've refused/joined/cancelled our reservation.
    5 He hasn't made any promise/progress/problems. His English is still bad.
    3 I don't understand it. It doesn't give/do/make sense.
    9 Did he get your message? – I don't know. He hasn't confirmed/cancelled/switched receipt yet.

    Do you get the joke? - Rozumíte vtipu?: Mother: Doctor, my son has eaten my pen! What can I do? ... Doctor: Use a pencil!

    Exercise 13

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    • Doplňte vhodné frázové sloveso.

    7 I'm hot. I need to off my jacket.
    9 I'll be right with you. on a minute!
    8 I can't read it. I must on my glasses.
    6 I can't hear the radio. Can you it up?
    2 The computer is still on. He's forgotten to it off.
    5 Keep trying! Don't up. You can do it.
    1 I missed my stop. I forgot to off the bus.
    3 I didn't tell her, but she knows! How did she out?
    4 He can't wait for you to come. He's to seeing you.

    Zapamatujte si užitečný obrat I'll be right with you. - “Hned jsem u vás.”

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte pomocí času předpřítomného. Využijte nápovědu.

    5 Zlomil si ruku. arm
    8 Už je to dlouho. long time
    2 Už odešla. leave
    1 Nikdy v Londýně nebyl. to
    9 Už jste se někdy setkali? meet
    3 Už jsi to četl? read, yet
    4 Ještě jsem to neviděl. not, yet
    6 Znám ho už 5 let. for 5 years
    10 Už jste jedli? eat
    7 Jak dlouho už tu jsi? how long

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte since, for, yet nebo already.

    5 They haven't arrived .
    2 Have you cleaned ?
    3 I've done that .
    6 She's worked here five years.
    7 Are you ready? - Not .
    4 We've lived here last year.
    8 Are you leaving ? - Yes I have to go.
    1 I've been here two hours.

    Exercise 16

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  • 616

    • Řekněte anglicky.

    8 Bydlíme tady od roku 1990.
    10 Nikdy jsem tam nebyl.
    4 Už jsi jí to řekl?
    9 Už odcházíte?
    1 Už jsem jedl.
    7 Jak dlouho už tam pracuješ?
    12 Už? – Ještě ne!
    11 Ještě to nenašel.
    5 Znám ho už roky.
    2 Nic se nezměnilo. (zatím)
    6 Ještě jsem neskončil.
    3 Ještě to neposlal.

    Stejný význam jako frázová slovesa turn on (zapnout) a turn off (vypnout) mají v angličtině switch on a switch off. Všimněte si, že se v nich vyskytují stejné předložky (částice). Samotné ON znamená zapnutý a OFF je vypnutý.