Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    2 Have you seen it?
    13 Have you decided yet?
    7 Nobody has heard about it.
    18 I've known him for years.
    11 Have you eaten?
    10 They haven't arrived yet.
    12 I've spoken with him.
    5 I've never been there.
    9 We haven't met for months.
    15 He hasn't brought it yet.
    6 Have we met before?
    8 I've just read it.
    1 Where have you been?
    17 What's happened?
    14 I've changed my mind.
    16 I haven't bought it yet.
    4 Have you been here before?
    3 She hasn't come yet.

    Naučte se obrat I haven't seen you in ages! nebo I haven't seen you for ages! Odpovídá českému “Už jsem tě strašně dlouho neviděl.” ap. Obdobně lze užít obrat I haven't heard from him for ages. - “Už se mi neozval, ani nepamatuji.” ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Napište věty, které uslyšíte a infinitivy sloves užitých v předpřítomném čase.

    2
    9
    4
    8
    6
    5
    7
    3
    10
    1

    Exercise 3

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    • Doplňte vhodný tvar uvedeného slovesa podle času.

    8 I've tell him about it.
    2 I haven't speak to him for weeks.
    6 I've hear about it.
    4 I have see that film.
    3 She hasn't come yet.
    7 We've never be there.
    9 Have you send the e-mail?
    5 They've leave already.
    10 I've buy some apples.
    1 He's break his leg.

    Exercise 4

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    • Spojte položky e-mailu s jejich překlady.

    • 1 Recipient
    • 2 Dear Sir/Madam
    • 3 Subject
    • 4 Find attached
    • 5 Please let me know asap.
    • 6 Please confirm receipt
    • 7 Looking forward to your reply
    • 8 Yours faithfully
    • h Předmět
    • g Dejte mi prosím vědět co nejdříve.
    • a V příloze najdete
    • f Těším se na Vaši odpověď
    • d Příjemce
    • b Prosím potvrďte přijetí
    • c Vážená paní / Vážený pane
    • e S pozdravem

    Při oslovování skupiny osob (organizace, firmy) lze užít: Dear Sirs - “Vážení” ap. Pokud si nejste jisti, zda je adresát muž nebo žena, lze užít: Sir/Madam. Ale pozor! Zvolání: Oh dear! znamená údiv: Ježíši! nebo Pane Bože! ap.

    Exercise 5

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    • Rozepište stažené tvary na plné. Soustřeďte se na užití be a have.

    2 What's happened?
    3 Who's done it?
    8 There's a problem.
    1 What's new?
    5 She's been there before.
    6 She's still there.
    11 He's coming too.
    4 Who's there?
    12 How's it going?
    10 He's had three beers.
    7 I've told him.
    9 There's been a lot of time.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte správné tvary do či make.

    1 Have you the cleaning?
    11 What sports do you ?
    2 We have no mistakes.
    7 How much money did she ?
    9 I have only 10 dollars. Will it ?
    4 I've some tea.
    5 I'm my best.
    10 It no sense.
    8 They've a lot of damage.
    13 We can without them.
    3 I the shopping yesterday.
    15 I need to a phone call.
    12 You've a mess of it!
    6 Have you your homework?
    14 He's great progress.

    Exercise 7

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    • Vyberte vhodné části frázových sloves.

    7 I don't smoke. I've let/taken/given up smoking.
    5 Can you pick me out/up/for at the airport?
    1 She has three kids. She must look at/after/forward them.
    9 We have to check on/for/in at the hotel first.
    3 We will get in/back/for to that later.
    8 I'll give you a ride. Get in/on/at the car!
    10 Don't give up! Keep off/on/out trying.
    2 He's very angry. He should calm up/down/in.
    4 I'm looking for/after/forward to seeing you.
    6 I don't know, but I will find after/in/out.

    Exercise 8

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Would you like a sandwich?
    • 2 Is this your first time here?
    • 3 Have you spoken with him?
    • 4 Why isn't she coming?
    • 5 Do we have milk?
    • 6 Have you informed them?
    • 7 Why are you taking a taxi?
    • 8 Do you know this film?
    • f She's changed her mind.
    • a Yes, he called an hour ago.
    • d Yes, I've seen it twice.
    • c Our car has broken down.
    • e No, thanks. I've eaten.
    • g No, I've been here before.
    • b Yes, I've bought some.
    • h I've sent them an e-mail.

    Slovo before je v angličtině nejen předložka (před), ale také příslovce znamenající (už) předtím, (už) dříve. Vyskytuje se typicky na konci věty a často se pojí s předpřítomným či předminulým časem. Např.: I have never been here before. - “Ještě jsem tady nikdy nebyl.”, It's happened before. - Už k tomu dříve došlo. ap.

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnou předložku.

    3 He hasn't replied my e-mail.
    9 Stop doing it! I'm tired it.
    4 She's gone out lunch.
    1 She was tired. She's gone bed.
    10 whom it may concern
    6 I don't smoke. I've given smoking.
    7 Please confirm receipt this message.
    2 I haven't heard from him weeks.
    5 Send it this address.
    8 I need to log , but I don't know the password.

    Exercise 10

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v předpřítomném čase.

    6
    you, do, the dishes?
    1
    she, break, her arm
    9
    she, speak, with him
    2
    my parents, not arrive yet
    5
    they, not, send it
    8
    why, you, come here?
    3
    I, cut, myself
    7
    he, not, find it
    4
    I, make, dinner

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu čas minulý prostý nebo předpřítomný.

    11 She promise to call, but she not call yet.
    8 you watch the film last night? No, I not see it yet.
    7 I send 10 e-mails today, but I not send any yesterday.
    4 I not see John last week.
    9 They spend the last week at the seaside, but I go to the mountains.
    2 We meet a month ago, but I not speak with him since then.
    6 She know about it, but she not go there yesterday.
    1 I was tired. I go to bed early.
    3 She lose her key, but she find it already.
    5 I write to him a week ago, but he not reply yet.
    10 He not eat his breakfast this morning. He not eat for almost two days.

    Čas minulý prostý (past simple) je vymezen konkrétním časem nebo časovým úsekem v minulosti bez souvislosti s přítomností, zatímco čas předpřítomný (present perfect) svým dějem nějak zasahuje z minulosti do přítomnosti, nebo říká, že daný časový úsek, v němž něco nastalo nebo může nastat, ještě není ukončený.

    Exercise 12

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo. Soustřeďte se na užité fráze.

    2 The computer won't start. I think it's broken down/taken out/checked out.
    3 I don't understand it. It doesn't give/do/make sense.
    5 He hasn't made any promise/progress/problems. His English is still bad.
    6 They haven't checked off/checked out/logged out of the hotel yet.
    1 The radio is disturbing/interesting/cancelling me. Can you turn it off?
    4 She's arrived at the airport. I must get/pick/check her up.
    7 We're going nowhere. I've refused/joined/cancelled our reservation.
    9 Did he get your message? – I don't know. He hasn't confirmed/cancelled/switched receipt yet.
    8 We'll do it ourselves. We can do with/without/after their help.

    Do you get the joke? - Rozumíte vtipu?: Mother: Doctor, my son has eaten my pen! What can I do? ... Doctor: Use a pencil!

    Exercise 13

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    • Doplňte vhodné frázové sloveso.

    4 He can't wait for you to come. He's to seeing you.
    7 I'm hot. I need to off my jacket.
    1 I missed my stop. I forgot to off the bus.
    5 Keep trying! Don't up. You can do it.
    9 I'll be right with you. on a minute!
    8 I can't read it. I must on my glasses.
    6 I can't hear the radio. Can you it up?
    3 I didn't tell her, but she knows! How did she out?
    2 The computer is still on. He's forgotten to it off.

    Zapamatujte si užitečný obrat I'll be right with you. - “Hned jsem u vás.”

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte pomocí času předpřítomného. Využijte nápovědu.

    1 Nikdy v Londýně nebyl. to
    3 Už jsi to četl? read, yet
    7 Jak dlouho už tu jsi? how long
    2 Už odešla. leave
    5 Zlomil si ruku. arm
    10 Už jste jedli? eat
    8 Už je to dlouho. long time
    9 Už jste se někdy setkali? meet
    4 Ještě jsem to neviděl. not, yet
    6 Znám ho už 5 let. for 5 years

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte since, for, yet nebo already.

    4 We've lived here last year.
    3 I've done that .
    2 Have you cleaned ?
    6 She's worked here five years.
    1 I've been here two hours.
    5 They haven't arrived .
    7 Are you ready? - Not .
    8 Are you leaving ? - Yes I have to go.

    Exercise 16

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    7 Jak dlouho už tam pracuješ?
    3 Ještě to neposlal.
    8 Bydlíme tady od roku 1990.
    1 Už jsem jedl.
    6 Ještě jsem neskončil.
    5 Znám ho už roky.
    11 Ještě to nenašel.
    10 Nikdy jsem tam nebyl.
    4 Už jsi jí to řekl?
    2 Nic se nezměnilo. (zatím)
    12 Už? – Ještě ne!
    9 Už odcházíte?

    Stejný význam jako frázová slovesa turn on (zapnout) a turn off (vypnout) mají v angličtině switch on a switch off. Všimněte si, že se v nich vyskytují stejné předložky (částice). Samotné ON znamená zapnutý a OFF je vypnutý.