Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    11 Have you eaten?
    10 They haven't arrived yet.
    5 I've never been there.
    2 Have you seen it?
    17 What's happened?
    8 I've just read it.
    1 Where have you been?
    6 Have we met before?
    9 We haven't met for months.
    18 I've known him for years.
    3 She hasn't come yet.
    13 Have you decided yet?
    7 Nobody has heard about it.
    4 Have you been here before?
    16 I haven't bought it yet.
    14 I've changed my mind.
    15 He hasn't brought it yet.
    12 I've spoken with him.

    Naučte se obrat I haven't seen you in ages! nebo I haven't seen you for ages! Odpovídá českému “Už jsem tě strašně dlouho neviděl.” ap. Obdobně lze užít obrat I haven't heard from him for ages. - “Už se mi neozval, ani nepamatuji.” ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Napište věty, které uslyšíte a infinitivy sloves užitých v předpřítomném čase.

    4
    1
    10
    6
    9
    3
    7
    8
    2
    5

    Exercise 3

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    • Doplňte vhodný tvar uvedeného slovesa podle času.

    9 Have you send the e-mail?
    6 I've hear about it.
    8 I've tell him about it.
    5 They've leave already.
    2 I haven't speak to him for weeks.
    1 He's break his leg.
    4 I have see that film.
    10 I've buy some apples.
    3 She hasn't come yet.
    7 We've never be there.

    Exercise 4

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    • Spojte položky e-mailu s jejich překlady.

    • 1 Recipient
    • 2 Dear Sir/Madam
    • 3 Subject
    • 4 Find attached
    • 5 Please let me know asap.
    • 6 Please confirm receipt
    • 7 Looking forward to your reply
    • 8 Yours faithfully
    • e S pozdravem
    • b Prosím potvrďte přijetí
    • g Dejte mi prosím vědět co nejdříve.
    • h Předmět
    • d Příjemce
    • a V příloze najdete
    • c Vážená paní / Vážený pane
    • f Těším se na Vaši odpověď

    Při oslovování skupiny osob (organizace, firmy) lze užít: Dear Sirs - “Vážení” ap. Pokud si nejste jisti, zda je adresát muž nebo žena, lze užít: Sir/Madam. Ale pozor! Zvolání: Oh dear! znamená údiv: Ježíši! nebo Pane Bože! ap.

    Exercise 5

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    • Rozepište stažené tvary na plné. Soustřeďte se na užití be a have.

    8 There's a problem.
    5 She's been there before.
    9 There's been a lot of time.
    3 Who's done it?
    7 I've told him.
    10 He's had three beers.
    6 She's still there.
    12 How's it going?
    1 What's new?
    4 Who's there?
    2 What's happened?
    11 He's coming too.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte správné tvary do či make.

    15 I need to a phone call.
    9 I have only 10 dollars. Will it ?
    3 I the shopping yesterday.
    13 We can without them.
    5 I'm my best.
    8 They've a lot of damage.
    4 I've some tea.
    14 He's great progress.
    1 Have you the cleaning?
    12 You've a mess of it!
    6 Have you your homework?
    7 How much money did she ?
    10 It no sense.
    2 We have no mistakes.
    11 What sports do you ?

    Exercise 7

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    • Vyberte vhodné části frázových sloves.

    6 I don't know, but I will find after/in/out.
    10 Don't give up! Keep off/on/out trying.
    4 I'm looking for/after/forward to seeing you.
    9 We have to check on/for/in at the hotel first.
    1 She has three kids. She must look at/after/forward them.
    8 I'll give you a ride. Get in/on/at the car!
    3 We will get in/back/for to that later.
    7 I don't smoke. I've let/taken/given up smoking.
    5 Can you pick me out/up/for at the airport?
    2 He's very angry. He should calm up/down/in.

    Exercise 8

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Would you like a sandwich?
    • 2 Is this your first time here?
    • 3 Have you spoken with him?
    • 4 Why isn't she coming?
    • 5 Do we have milk?
    • 6 Have you informed them?
    • 7 Why are you taking a taxi?
    • 8 Do you know this film?
    • h I've sent them an e-mail.
    • c Our car has broken down.
    • e No, thanks. I've eaten.
    • d Yes, I've seen it twice.
    • a Yes, he called an hour ago.
    • f She's changed her mind.
    • b Yes, I've bought some.
    • g No, I've been here before.

    Slovo before je v angličtině nejen předložka (před), ale také příslovce znamenající (už) předtím, (už) dříve. Vyskytuje se typicky na konci věty a často se pojí s předpřítomným či předminulým časem. Např.: I have never been here before. - “Ještě jsem tady nikdy nebyl.”, It's happened before. - Už k tomu dříve došlo. ap.

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnou předložku.

    9 Stop doing it! I'm tired it.
    1 She was tired. She's gone bed.
    4 She's gone out lunch.
    6 I don't smoke. I've given smoking.
    10 whom it may concern
    3 He hasn't replied my e-mail.
    5 Send it this address.
    7 Please confirm receipt this message.
    8 I need to log , but I don't know the password.
    2 I haven't heard from him weeks.

    Exercise 10

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v předpřítomném čase.

    2
    my parents, not arrive yet
    9
    she, speak, with him
    4
    I, make, dinner
    6
    you, do, the dishes?
    1
    she, break, her arm
    8
    why, you, come here?
    5
    they, not, send it
    3
    I, cut, myself
    7
    he, not, find it

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu čas minulý prostý nebo předpřítomný.

    6 She know about it, but she not go there yesterday.
    4 I not see John last week.
    5 I write to him a week ago, but he not reply yet.
    2 We meet a month ago, but I not speak with him since then.
    8 you watch the film last night? No, I not see it yet.
    3 She lose her key, but she find it already.
    11 She promise to call, but she not call yet.
    10 He not eat his breakfast this morning. He not eat for almost two days.
    9 They spend the last week at the seaside, but I go to the mountains.
    1 I was tired. I go to bed early.
    7 I send 10 e-mails today, but I not send any yesterday.

    Čas minulý prostý (past simple) je vymezen konkrétním časem nebo časovým úsekem v minulosti bez souvislosti s přítomností, zatímco čas předpřítomný (present perfect) svým dějem nějak zasahuje z minulosti do přítomnosti, nebo říká, že daný časový úsek, v němž něco nastalo nebo může nastat, ještě není ukončený.

    Exercise 12

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo. Soustřeďte se na užité fráze.

    1 The radio is disturbing/interesting/cancelling me. Can you turn it off?
    3 I don't understand it. It doesn't give/do/make sense.
    4 She's arrived at the airport. I must get/pick/check her up.
    7 We're going nowhere. I've refused/joined/cancelled our reservation.
    8 We'll do it ourselves. We can do with/without/after their help.
    9 Did he get your message? – I don't know. He hasn't confirmed/cancelled/switched receipt yet.
    5 He hasn't made any promise/progress/problems. His English is still bad.
    2 The computer won't start. I think it's broken down/taken out/checked out.
    6 They haven't checked off/checked out/logged out of the hotel yet.

    Do you get the joke? - Rozumíte vtipu?: Mother: Doctor, my son has eaten my pen! What can I do? ... Doctor: Use a pencil!

    Exercise 13

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    • Doplňte vhodné frázové sloveso.

    9 I'll be right with you. on a minute!
    8 I can't read it. I must on my glasses.
    4 He can't wait for you to come. He's to seeing you.
    5 Keep trying! Don't up. You can do it.
    6 I can't hear the radio. Can you it up?
    2 The computer is still on. He's forgotten to it off.
    1 I missed my stop. I forgot to off the bus.
    7 I'm hot. I need to off my jacket.
    3 I didn't tell her, but she knows! How did she out?

    Zapamatujte si užitečný obrat I'll be right with you. - “Hned jsem u vás.”

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte pomocí času předpřítomného. Využijte nápovědu.

    6 Znám ho už 5 let. for 5 years
    4 Ještě jsem to neviděl. not, yet
    8 Už je to dlouho. long time
    7 Jak dlouho už tu jsi? how long
    2 Už odešla. leave
    9 Už jste se někdy setkali? meet
    3 Už jsi to četl? read, yet
    1 Nikdy v Londýně nebyl. to
    5 Zlomil si ruku. arm
    10 Už jste jedli? eat

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte since, for, yet nebo already.

    4 We've lived here last year.
    6 She's worked here five years.
    2 Have you cleaned ?
    5 They haven't arrived .
    8 Are you leaving ? - Yes I have to go.
    1 I've been here two hours.
    3 I've done that .
    7 Are you ready? - Not .

    Exercise 16

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    10 Nikdy jsem tam nebyl.
    8 Bydlíme tady od roku 1990.
    2 Nic se nezměnilo. (zatím)
    4 Už jsi jí to řekl?
    7 Jak dlouho už tam pracuješ?
    11 Ještě to nenašel.
    6 Ještě jsem neskončil.
    5 Znám ho už roky.
    12 Už? – Ještě ne!
    3 Ještě to neposlal.
    9 Už odcházíte?
    1 Už jsem jedl.

    Stejný význam jako frázová slovesa turn on (zapnout) a turn off (vypnout) mají v angličtině switch on a switch off. Všimněte si, že se v nich vyskytují stejné předložky (částice). Samotné ON znamená zapnutý a OFF je vypnutý.