Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    2 Have you seen it?
    5 I've never been there.
    9 We haven't met for months.
    12 I've spoken with him.
    17 What's happened?
    13 Have you decided yet?
    18 I've known him for years.
    15 He hasn't brought it yet.
    14 I've changed my mind.
    6 Have we met before?
    8 I've just read it.
    10 They haven't arrived yet.
    7 Nobody has heard about it.
    1 Where have you been?
    3 She hasn't come yet.
    11 Have you eaten?
    4 Have you been here before?
    16 I haven't bought it yet.

    Naučte se obrat I haven't seen you in ages! nebo I haven't seen you for ages! Odpovídá českému “Už jsem tě strašně dlouho neviděl.” ap. Obdobně lze užít obrat I haven't heard from him for ages. - “Už se mi neozval, ani nepamatuji.” ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Napište věty, které uslyšíte a infinitivy sloves užitých v předpřítomném čase.

    2
    7
    1
    8
    4
    3
    9
    10
    6
    5

    Exercise 3

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    • Doplňte vhodný tvar uvedeného slovesa podle času.

    3 She hasn't come yet.
    8 I've tell him about it.
    5 They've leave already.
    4 I have see that film.
    10 I've buy some apples.
    2 I haven't speak to him for weeks.
    9 Have you send the e-mail?
    7 We've never be there.
    6 I've hear about it.
    1 He's break his leg.

    Exercise 4

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    • Spojte položky e-mailu s jejich překlady.

    • 1 Recipient
    • 2 Dear Sir/Madam
    • 3 Subject
    • 4 Find attached
    • 5 Please let me know asap.
    • 6 Please confirm receipt
    • 7 Looking forward to your reply
    • 8 Yours faithfully
    • a V příloze najdete
    • g Dejte mi prosím vědět co nejdříve.
    • e S pozdravem
    • f Těším se na Vaši odpověď
    • d Příjemce
    • b Prosím potvrďte přijetí
    • c Vážená paní / Vážený pane
    • h Předmět

    Při oslovování skupiny osob (organizace, firmy) lze užít: Dear Sirs - “Vážení” ap. Pokud si nejste jisti, zda je adresát muž nebo žena, lze užít: Sir/Madam. Ale pozor! Zvolání: Oh dear! znamená údiv: Ježíši! nebo Pane Bože! ap.

    Exercise 5

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    • Rozepište stažené tvary na plné. Soustřeďte se na užití be a have.

    9 There's been a lot of time.
    1 What's new?
    7 I've told him.
    6 She's still there.
    3 Who's done it?
    2 What's happened?
    8 There's a problem.
    5 She's been there before.
    12 How's it going?
    10 He's had three beers.
    11 He's coming too.
    4 Who's there?

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte správné tvary do či make.

    1 Have you the cleaning?
    5 I'm my best.
    2 We have no mistakes.
    14 He's great progress.
    7 How much money did she ?
    10 It no sense.
    13 We can without them.
    6 Have you your homework?
    3 I the shopping yesterday.
    12 You've a mess of it!
    11 What sports do you ?
    4 I've some tea.
    9 I have only 10 dollars. Will it ?
    8 They've a lot of damage.
    15 I need to a phone call.

    Exercise 7

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    • Vyberte vhodné části frázových sloves.

    7 I don't smoke. I've let/taken/given up smoking.
    1 She has three kids. She must look at/after/forward them.
    10 Don't give up! Keep off/on/out trying.
    5 Can you pick me out/up/for at the airport?
    6 I don't know, but I will find after/in/out.
    2 He's very angry. He should calm up/down/in.
    9 We have to check on/for/in at the hotel first.
    4 I'm looking for/after/forward to seeing you.
    3 We will get in/back/for to that later.
    8 I'll give you a ride. Get in/on/at the car!

    Exercise 8

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Would you like a sandwich?
    • 2 Is this your first time here?
    • 3 Have you spoken with him?
    • 4 Why isn't she coming?
    • 5 Do we have milk?
    • 6 Have you informed them?
    • 7 Why are you taking a taxi?
    • 8 Do you know this film?
    • a Yes, he called an hour ago.
    • c Our car has broken down.
    • g No, I've been here before.
    • b Yes, I've bought some.
    • e No, thanks. I've eaten.
    • d Yes, I've seen it twice.
    • f She's changed her mind.
    • h I've sent them an e-mail.

    Slovo before je v angličtině nejen předložka (před), ale také příslovce znamenající (už) předtím, (už) dříve. Vyskytuje se typicky na konci věty a často se pojí s předpřítomným či předminulým časem. Např.: I have never been here before. - “Ještě jsem tady nikdy nebyl.”, It's happened before. - Už k tomu dříve došlo. ap.

    Exercise 9

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    • Doplňte správnou předložku.

    6 I don't smoke. I've given smoking.
    8 I need to log , but I don't know the password.
    4 She's gone out lunch.
    2 I haven't heard from him weeks.
    3 He hasn't replied my e-mail.
    9 Stop doing it! I'm tired it.
    1 She was tired. She's gone bed.
    5 Send it this address.
    10 whom it may concern
    7 Please confirm receipt this message.

    Exercise 10

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v předpřítomném čase.

    4
    I, make, dinner
    5
    they, not, send it
    1
    she, break, her arm
    2
    my parents, not arrive yet
    6
    you, do, the dishes?
    3
    I, cut, myself
    8
    why, you, come here?
    9
    she, speak, with him
    7
    he, not, find it

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu čas minulý prostý nebo předpřítomný.

    6 She know about it, but she not go there yesterday.
    2 We meet a month ago, but I not speak with him since then.
    9 They spend the last week at the seaside, but I go to the mountains.
    3 She lose her key, but she find it already.
    10 He not eat his breakfast this morning. He not eat for almost two days.
    8 you watch the film last night? No, I not see it yet.
    5 I write to him a week ago, but he not reply yet.
    11 She promise to call, but she not call yet.
    4 I not see John last week.
    1 I was tired. I go to bed early.
    7 I send 10 e-mails today, but I not send any yesterday.

    Čas minulý prostý (past simple) je vymezen konkrétním časem nebo časovým úsekem v minulosti bez souvislosti s přítomností, zatímco čas předpřítomný (present perfect) svým dějem nějak zasahuje z minulosti do přítomnosti, nebo říká, že daný časový úsek, v němž něco nastalo nebo může nastat, ještě není ukončený.

    Exercise 12

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo. Soustřeďte se na užité fráze.

    8 We'll do it ourselves. We can do with/without/after their help.
    1 The radio is disturbing/interesting/cancelling me. Can you turn it off?
    3 I don't understand it. It doesn't give/do/make sense.
    4 She's arrived at the airport. I must get/pick/check her up.
    2 The computer won't start. I think it's broken down/taken out/checked out.
    6 They haven't checked off/checked out/logged out of the hotel yet.
    7 We're going nowhere. I've refused/joined/cancelled our reservation.
    5 He hasn't made any promise/progress/problems. His English is still bad.
    9 Did he get your message? – I don't know. He hasn't confirmed/cancelled/switched receipt yet.

    Do you get the joke? - Rozumíte vtipu?: Mother: Doctor, my son has eaten my pen! What can I do? ... Doctor: Use a pencil!

    Exercise 13

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    • Doplňte vhodné frázové sloveso.

    3 I didn't tell her, but she knows! How did she out?
    8 I can't read it. I must on my glasses.
    5 Keep trying! Don't up. You can do it.
    7 I'm hot. I need to off my jacket.
    4 He can't wait for you to come. He's to seeing you.
    2 The computer is still on. He's forgotten to it off.
    9 I'll be right with you. on a minute!
    1 I missed my stop. I forgot to off the bus.
    6 I can't hear the radio. Can you it up?

    Zapamatujte si užitečný obrat I'll be right with you. - “Hned jsem u vás.”

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte pomocí času předpřítomného. Využijte nápovědu.

    2 Už odešla. leave
    4 Ještě jsem to neviděl. not, yet
    1 Nikdy v Londýně nebyl. to
    7 Jak dlouho už tu jsi? how long
    5 Zlomil si ruku. arm
    6 Znám ho už 5 let. for 5 years
    10 Už jste jedli? eat
    8 Už je to dlouho. long time
    3 Už jsi to četl? read, yet
    9 Už jste se někdy setkali? meet

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte since, for, yet nebo already.

    6 She's worked here five years.
    5 They haven't arrived .
    7 Are you ready? - Not .
    2 Have you cleaned ?
    1 I've been here two hours.
    8 Are you leaving ? - Yes I have to go.
    4 We've lived here last year.
    3 I've done that .

    Exercise 16

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    2 Nic se nezměnilo. (zatím)
    11 Ještě to nenašel.
    8 Bydlíme tady od roku 1990.
    6 Ještě jsem neskončil.
    10 Nikdy jsem tam nebyl.
    12 Už? – Ještě ne!
    5 Znám ho už roky.
    4 Už jsi jí to řekl?
    1 Už jsem jedl.
    7 Jak dlouho už tam pracuješ?
    3 Ještě to neposlal.
    9 Už odcházíte?

    Stejný význam jako frázová slovesa turn on (zapnout) a turn off (vypnout) mají v angličtině switch on a switch off. Všimněte si, že se v nich vyskytují stejné předložky (částice). Samotné ON znamená zapnutý a OFF je vypnutý.