Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    10 This word is not used often.
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    7 What is meant by that?
    2 I work for myself.
    6 She applied for a job.
    1 What do you do for a living?
    12 They were fired.
    11 He's employed by our company.
    5 He started his own business.
    3 I'm an employee.
    8 What is it called in English?

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    2 Mark works on a computer.
    8 John has already found a job.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    7 I make more money now.
    6 Jack got the job.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • f Naštval se.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • d Nelepší se to.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    2 The house sell last week.
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • g She lost her job.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • h He's better off now.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • b She's her own boss.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    4 They got married. – They got .
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    1 They saw her there.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    9 You can eat it.
    8 They gave us some money.
    3 She sent the message.
    13 They hired two employees.
    2 Many workers use it.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    6 He promoted her.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    14 Our company employed him.
    5 They made him do it.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    11 0.25
    2 3/4
    6 53
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    12 3,650,500
    1 2/3
    4 1/2
    5 32
    7 106
    3 5/9
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    10 27 : 9 = 3

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    3 Opili se. drunk
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    4 he, fire her
    6 she, hair, cut
    8 we, the table, make
    2 my parents, new house, build
    3 they, room, clean
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    1 I, car, repair
    7 he, his jacket, wash

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    1 Čím se živíte?
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    12 Dostala padáka.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.