Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    11 He's employed by our company.
    8 What is it called in English?
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    1 What do you do for a living?
    3 I'm an employee.
    12 They were fired.
    6 She applied for a job.
    7 What is meant by that?
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    2 I work for myself.
    5 He started his own business.
    10 This word is not used often.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    8 John has already found a job.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    7 I make more money now.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    6 Jack got the job.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • f Naštval se.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    2 The house sell last week.
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • g She lost her job.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • h He's better off now.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • c He sent a job application.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    4 They got married. – They got .
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    4 Someone told him to do it.
    2 Many workers use it.
    13 They hired two employees.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    8 They gave us some money.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    14 Our company employed him.
    5 They made him do it.
    3 She sent the message.
    6 He promoted her.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    9 You can eat it.
    1 They saw her there.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    4 1/2
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    11 0.25
    6 53
    7 106
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    5 32
    12 3,650,500
    1 2/3
    3 5/9
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    2 3/4

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    3 Opili se. drunk
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    4 Lepšíš se. better

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    8 we, the table, make
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    4 he, fire her
    6 she, hair, cut
    1 I, car, repair
    3 they, room, clean
    2 my parents, new house, build

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    4 Byl povýšen.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.