Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    6 She applied for a job.
    5 He started his own business.
    1 What do you do for a living?
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    8 What is it called in English?
    11 He's employed by our company.
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    7 What is meant by that?
    10 This word is not used often.
    12 They were fired.
    3 I'm an employee.
    2 I work for myself.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    7 I make more money now.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    6 Jack got the job.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    8 John has already found a job.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • f Naštval se.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    2 The house sell last week.
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • g She lost her job.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • h He's better off now.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • c He sent a job application.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    4 They got married. – They got .
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    8 They gave us some money.
    6 He promoted her.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    14 Our company employed him.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    9 You can eat it.
    2 Many workers use it.
    5 They made him do it.
    3 She sent the message.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    13 They hired two employees.
    1 They saw her there.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    1 2/3
    4 1/2
    2 3/4
    11 0.25
    6 53
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    3 5/9
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    12 3,650,500
    7 106
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    5 32

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    3 Opili se. drunk
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    1 Stmívá se. dark

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    6 she, hair, cut
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    1 I, car, repair
    4 he, fire her
    2 my parents, new house, build
    8 we, the table, make
    3 they, room, clean
    5 we, food, bring to our room

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    6 Byli potrestáni.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    1 Čím se živíte?
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.