Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    12 They were fired.
    10 This word is not used often.
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    11 He's employed by our company.
    5 He started his own business.
    1 What do you do for a living?
    3 I'm an employee.
    2 I work for myself.
    7 What is meant by that?
    8 What is it called in English?
    6 She applied for a job.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    6 Jack got the job.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    8 John has already found a job.
    7 I make more money now.
    2 Mark works on a computer.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • f Naštval se.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • d Nelepší se to.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    2 The house sell last week.

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • h He's better off now.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • g She lost her job.
    • d She's better paid now.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    4 They got married. – They got .
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    5 He's jobless. – He's .

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    8 They gave us some money.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    14 Our company employed him.
    13 They hired two employees.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    9 You can eat it.
    2 Many workers use it.
    1 They saw her there.
    5 They made him do it.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    6 He promoted her.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    3 She sent the message.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    3 5/9
    1 2/3
    6 53
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    12 3,650,500
    11 0.25
    4 1/2
    7 106
    2 3/4
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    5 32

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    3 Opili se. drunk
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    7 he, his jacket, wash
    4 he, fire her
    6 she, hair, cut
    3 they, room, clean
    1 I, car, repair
    2 my parents, new house, build
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    8 we, the table, make

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    1 Čím se živíte?
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    6 Byli potrestáni.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.