Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    2 I work for myself.
    8 What is it called in English?
    3 I'm an employee.
    10 This word is not used often.
    11 He's employed by our company.
    12 They were fired.
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    1 What do you do for a living?
    7 What is meant by that?
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    6 She applied for a job.
    5 He started his own business.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    1 Jane works for herself.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    8 John has already found a job.
    7 I make more money now.
    6 Jack got the job.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • f Naštval se.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • h Štve mě to.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    2 The house sell last week.
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • g She lost her job.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • h He's better off now.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    4 They got married. – They got .
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    5 They made him do it.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    6 He promoted her.
    13 They hired two employees.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    9 You can eat it.
    8 They gave us some money.
    14 Our company employed him.
    3 She sent the message.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    2 Many workers use it.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    1 They saw her there.
    4 Someone told him to do it.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    11 0.25
    4 1/2
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    5 32
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    7 106
    3 5/9
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    12 3,650,500
    1 2/3
    6 53
    2 3/4

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    4 Lepšíš se. better
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    3 Opili se. drunk
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    7 he, his jacket, wash
    8 we, the table, make
    1 I, car, repair
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    6 she, hair, cut
    3 they, room, clean
    2 my parents, new house, build
    4 he, fire her

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    12 Dostala padáka.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.