Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    3 I'm an employee.
    1 What do you do for a living?
    11 He's employed by our company.
    8 What is it called in English?
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    2 I work for myself.
    12 They were fired.
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    5 He started his own business.
    10 This word is not used often.
    6 She applied for a job.
    7 What is meant by that?

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    8 John has already found a job.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    6 Jack got the job.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    7 I make more money now.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • f Naštval se.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    2 The house sell last week.
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • g She lost her job.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • h He's better off now.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • a He's unemployed.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    4 They got married. – They got .
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    9 You can eat it.
    2 Many workers use it.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    1 They saw her there.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    6 He promoted her.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    5 They made him do it.
    8 They gave us some money.
    13 They hired two employees.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    14 Our company employed him.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    3 She sent the message.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    4 1/2
    11 0.25
    12 3,650,500
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    1 2/3
    5 32
    2 3/4
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    6 53
    7 106
    3 5/9

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    12 Zmokneš. wet
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    3 Opili se. drunk
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    4 he, fire her
    8 we, the table, make
    1 I, car, repair
    3 they, room, clean
    6 she, hair, cut
    2 my parents, new house, build
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    7 he, his jacket, wash

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    4 Byl povýšen.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.