Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    5 He started his own business.
    7 What is meant by that?
    3 I'm an employee.
    11 He's employed by our company.
    1 What do you do for a living?
    2 I work for myself.
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    10 This word is not used often.
    6 She applied for a job.
    12 They were fired.
    8 What is it called in English?

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    6 Jack got the job.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    7 I make more money now.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    8 John has already found a job.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • f Naštval se.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    2 The house sell last week.
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • h He's better off now.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • g She lost her job.
    • e He stopped working there.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    4 They got married. – They got .
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    13 They hired two employees.
    2 Many workers use it.
    14 Our company employed him.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    6 He promoted her.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    8 They gave us some money.
    5 They made him do it.
    1 They saw her there.
    9 You can eat it.
    3 She sent the message.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    9 35 - 20 = 15
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    12 3,650,500
    5 32
    4 1/2
    1 2/3
    11 0.25
    2 3/4
    6 53
    7 106
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    3 5/9

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    12 Zmokneš. wet
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    3 Opili se. drunk
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    1 Stmívá se. dark

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    8 we, the table, make
    1 I, car, repair
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    3 they, room, clean
    6 she, hair, cut
    4 he, fire her
    2 my parents, new house, build
    7 he, his jacket, wash

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    17 Dostal padáka.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.