Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    12 They were fired.
    11 He's employed by our company.
    3 I'm an employee.
    5 He started his own business.
    1 What do you do for a living?
    2 I work for myself.
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    7 What is meant by that?
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    8 What is it called in English?
    6 She applied for a job.
    10 This word is not used often.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    7 I make more money now.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    8 John has already found a job.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    6 Jack got the job.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    1 Jane works for herself.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • f Naštval se.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • g Dostala padáka.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    2 The house sell last week.

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • h He's better off now.
    • g She lost her job.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • a He's unemployed.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    4 They got married. – They got .

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    3 She sent the message.
    6 He promoted her.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    2 Many workers use it.
    1 They saw her there.
    9 You can eat it.
    13 They hired two employees.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    5 They made him do it.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    8 They gave us some money.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    14 Our company employed him.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    4 1/2
    2 3/4
    12 3,650,500
    7 106
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    11 0.25
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    5 32
    3 5/9
    1 2/3
    6 53

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    3 Opili se. drunk
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    4 he, fire her
    8 we, the table, make
    3 they, room, clean
    1 I, car, repair
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    2 my parents, new house, build
    6 she, hair, cut
    7 he, his jacket, wash

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    12 Dostala padáka.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.