Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    5 He started his own business.
    3 I'm an employee.
    10 This word is not used often.
    12 They were fired.
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    7 What is meant by that?
    1 What do you do for a living?
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    8 What is it called in English?
    6 She applied for a job.
    11 He's employed by our company.
    2 I work for myself.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    6 Jack got the job.
    7 I make more money now.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    8 John has already found a job.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • f Naštval se.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    2 The house sell last week.
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • g She lost her job.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • h He's better off now.
    • d She's better paid now.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    4 They got married. – They got .
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    5 They made him do it.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    13 They hired two employees.
    8 They gave us some money.
    3 She sent the message.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    1 They saw her there.
    14 Our company employed him.
    9 You can eat it.
    2 Many workers use it.
    6 He promoted her.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    8 55 + 55 = 110
    3 5/9
    11 0.25
    6 53
    4 1/2
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    12 3,650,500
    1 2/3
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    5 32
    2 3/4
    7 106

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    3 Opili se. drunk
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    12 Zmokneš. wet

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    1 I, car, repair
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    6 she, hair, cut
    2 my parents, new house, build
    8 we, the table, make
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    4 he, fire her
    3 they, room, clean

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    17 Dostal padáka.
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    4 Byl povýšen.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.