Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    1 What do you do for a living?
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    2 I work for myself.
    12 They were fired.
    11 He's employed by our company.
    5 He started his own business.
    10 This word is not used often.
    7 What is meant by that?
    6 She applied for a job.
    8 What is it called in English?
    3 I'm an employee.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    1 Jane works for herself.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    8 John has already found a job.
    7 I make more money now.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    6 Jack got the job.
    2 Mark works on a computer.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • f Naštval se.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    2 The house sell last week.
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • g She lost her job.
    • h He's better off now.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    4 They got married. – They got .
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    14 Our company employed him.
    2 Many workers use it.
    9 You can eat it.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    13 They hired two employees.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    1 They saw her there.
    6 He promoted her.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    5 They made him do it.
    3 She sent the message.
    8 They gave us some money.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    7 106
    6 53
    5 32
    1 2/3
    4 1/2
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    2 3/4
    3 5/9
    11 0.25
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    12 3,650,500
    8 55 + 55 = 110

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    7 Proslavila se. famous
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    3 Opili se. drunk
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    8 we, the table, make
    4 he, fire her
    2 my parents, new house, build
    1 I, car, repair
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    6 she, hair, cut
    3 they, room, clean
    7 he, his jacket, wash

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.