Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    3 I'm an employee.
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    11 He's employed by our company.
    2 I work for myself.
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    1 What do you do for a living?
    10 This word is not used often.
    5 He started his own business.
    6 She applied for a job.
    12 They were fired.
    7 What is meant by that?
    8 What is it called in English?

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    8 John has already found a job.
    7 I make more money now.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    6 Jack got the job.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • f Naštval se.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    8 This meat eat cooked.
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    2 The house sell last week.
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    4 He left his car there and it steal .

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • g She lost her job.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • h He's better off now.
    • f She's trying to find employment.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    4 They got married. – They got .
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    2 Many workers use it.
    13 They hired two employees.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    8 They gave us some money.
    5 They made him do it.
    3 She sent the message.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    1 They saw her there.
    9 You can eat it.
    14 Our company employed him.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    6 He promoted her.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    5 32
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    11 0.25
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    7 106
    12 3,650,500
    1 2/3
    3 5/9
    2 3/4
    6 53
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    4 1/2

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    3 Opili se. drunk
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    2 my parents, new house, build
    8 we, the table, make
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    4 he, fire her
    3 they, room, clean
    1 I, car, repair
    6 she, hair, cut

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    1 Čím se živíte?

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.