Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    3 I'm an employee.
    11 He's employed by our company.
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    10 This word is not used often.
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    1 What do you do for a living?
    2 I work for myself.
    5 He started his own business.
    7 What is meant by that?
    6 She applied for a job.
    8 What is it called in English?
    12 They were fired.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    2 Mark works on a computer.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    6 Jack got the job.
    7 I make more money now.
    8 John has already found a job.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • f Naštval se.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    2 The house sell last week.
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • h He's better off now.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • g She lost her job.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • c He sent a job application.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    4 They got married. – They got .
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    8 They gave us some money.
    5 They made him do it.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    6 He promoted her.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    14 Our company employed him.
    3 She sent the message.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    9 You can eat it.
    13 They hired two employees.
    1 They saw her there.
    2 Many workers use it.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    12 3,650,500
    3 5/9
    7 106
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    2 3/4
    11 0.25
    6 53
    1 2/3
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    5 32
    4 1/2
    10 27 : 9 = 3

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    3 Opili se. drunk
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    1 Stmívá se. dark

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    2 my parents, new house, build
    6 she, hair, cut
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    3 they, room, clean
    8 we, the table, make
    4 he, fire her
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    1 I, car, repair

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    17 Dostal padáka.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.