Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    1 What do you do for a living?
    7 What is meant by that?
    5 He started his own business.
    10 This word is not used often.
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    2 I work for myself.
    11 He's employed by our company.
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    12 They were fired.
    8 What is it called in English?
    6 She applied for a job.
    3 I'm an employee.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    7 I make more money now.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    8 John has already found a job.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    6 Jack got the job.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    2 Mark works on a computer.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • f Naštval se.
    • g Dostala padáka.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    2 The house sell last week.
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • h He's better off now.
    • g She lost her job.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • a He's unemployed.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    4 They got married. – They got .
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    1 They saw her there.
    9 You can eat it.
    6 He promoted her.
    5 They made him do it.
    8 They gave us some money.
    2 Many workers use it.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    14 Our company employed him.
    13 They hired two employees.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    3 She sent the message.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    10 27 : 9 = 3
    12 3,650,500
    4 1/2
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    2 3/4
    1 2/3
    5 32
    3 5/9
    6 53
    7 106
    11 0.25

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    1 Stmívá se. dark
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    3 Opili se. drunk
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    7 Proslavila se. famous

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    4 he, fire her
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    1 I, car, repair
    8 we, the table, make
    2 my parents, new house, build
    6 she, hair, cut
    3 they, room, clean

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.