Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    8 What is it called in English?
    7 What is meant by that?
    2 I work for myself.
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    6 She applied for a job.
    3 I'm an employee.
    11 He's employed by our company.
    12 They were fired.
    5 He started his own business.
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    10 This word is not used often.
    1 What do you do for a living?

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    7 I make more money now.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    8 John has already found a job.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    6 Jack got the job.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • f Naštval se.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    2 The house sell last week.
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    8 This meat eat cooked.

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    4 To rád slyším. glad

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • g She lost her job.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • h He's better off now.
    • f She's trying to find employment.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    4 They got married. – They got .
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    14 Our company employed him.
    5 They made him do it.
    13 They hired two employees.
    8 They gave us some money.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    2 Many workers use it.
    9 You can eat it.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    3 She sent the message.
    1 They saw her there.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    6 He promoted her.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    12 3,650,500
    4 1/2
    2 3/4
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    11 0.25
    5 32
    3 5/9
    1 2/3
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    7 106
    6 53

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    3 Opili se. drunk
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    5 we, food, bring to our room
    8 we, the table, make
    6 she, hair, cut
    1 I, car, repair
    4 he, fire her
    3 they, room, clean
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    2 my parents, new house, build

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    6 Byli potrestáni.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    4 Byl povýšen.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.