Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    1 What do you do for a living?
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    12 They were fired.
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    3 I'm an employee.
    6 She applied for a job.
    2 I work for myself.
    7 What is meant by that?
    8 What is it called in English?
    11 He's employed by our company.
    5 He started his own business.
    10 This word is not used often.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    6 Jack got the job.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    7 I make more money now.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    8 John has already found a job.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    1 Jane works for herself.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • f Naštval se.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    2 The house sell last week.
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • h He's better off now.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • g She lost her job.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • a He's unemployed.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    4 They got married. – They got .
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    6 He promoted her.
    14 Our company employed him.
    1 They saw her there.
    13 They hired two employees.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    5 They made him do it.
    3 She sent the message.
    8 They gave us some money.
    9 You can eat it.
    2 Many workers use it.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    1 2/3
    5 32
    12 3,650,500
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    7 106
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    6 53
    3 5/9
    11 0.25
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    4 1/2
    2 3/4

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    3 Opili se. drunk
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    12 Zmokneš. wet

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    7 he, his jacket, wash
    2 my parents, new house, build
    8 we, the table, make
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    6 she, hair, cut
    1 I, car, repair
    4 he, fire her
    3 they, room, clean

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    17 Dostal padáka.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    6 Byli potrestáni.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.