Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    10 This word is not used often.
    7 What is meant by that?
    8 What is it called in English?
    5 He started his own business.
    12 They were fired.
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    11 He's employed by our company.
    6 She applied for a job.
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    3 I'm an employee.
    1 What do you do for a living?
    2 I work for myself.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    7 I make more money now.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    6 Jack got the job.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    8 John has already found a job.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • f Naštval se.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • h Štve mě to.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    2 The house sell last week.
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    4 He left his car there and it steal .

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    4 To rád slyším. glad
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • g She lost her job.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • h He's better off now.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • c He sent a job application.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    4 They got married. – They got .
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    13 They hired two employees.
    8 They gave us some money.
    1 They saw her there.
    2 Many workers use it.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    9 You can eat it.
    6 He promoted her.
    5 They made him do it.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    14 Our company employed him.
    3 She sent the message.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    7 106
    11 0.25
    6 53
    5 32
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    2 3/4
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    4 1/2
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    3 5/9
    1 2/3
    12 3,650,500

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    3 Opili se. drunk
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    4 he, fire her
    2 my parents, new house, build
    8 we, the table, make
    1 I, car, repair
    6 she, hair, cut
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    3 they, room, clean

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    4 Byl povýšen.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    1 Čím se živíte?
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.