Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    11 He's employed by our company.
    12 They were fired.
    1 What do you do for a living?
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    5 He started his own business.
    8 What is it called in English?
    2 I work for myself.
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    10 This word is not used often.
    3 I'm an employee.
    6 She applied for a job.
    7 What is meant by that?

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    2 Mark works on a computer.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    6 Jack got the job.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    7 I make more money now.
    8 John has already found a job.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • f Naštval se.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    2 The house sell last week.
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    4 He left his car there and it steal .

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    4 To rád slyším. glad

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • h He's better off now.
    • g She lost her job.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    4 They got married. – They got .
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    12 Nobody ever found it.
    9 You can eat it.
    13 They hired two employees.
    1 They saw her there.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    2 Many workers use it.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    5 They made him do it.
    6 He promoted her.
    8 They gave us some money.
    3 She sent the message.
    14 Our company employed him.
    4 Someone told him to do it.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    7 106
    3 5/9
    2 3/4
    12 3,650,500
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    4 1/2
    6 53
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    1 2/3
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    5 32
    11 0.25

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    7 Proslavila se. famous
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    3 Opili se. drunk
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    11 Rozčílil se. angry

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    8 we, the table, make
    3 they, room, clean
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    4 he, fire her
    1 I, car, repair
    2 my parents, new house, build
    6 she, hair, cut
    7 he, his jacket, wash

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.