Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    2 I work for myself.
    10 This word is not used often.
    7 What is meant by that?
    12 They were fired.
    5 He started his own business.
    11 He's employed by our company.
    1 What do you do for a living?
    3 I'm an employee.
    6 She applied for a job.
    8 What is it called in English?

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    2 Mark works on a computer.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    7 I make more money now.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    8 John has already found a job.
    6 Jack got the job.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • f Naštval se.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    2 The house sell last week.

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • h He's better off now.
    • g She lost her job.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • f She's trying to find employment.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    4 They got married. – They got .
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    6 He promoted her.
    3 She sent the message.
    9 You can eat it.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    1 They saw her there.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    8 They gave us some money.
    14 Our company employed him.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    13 They hired two employees.
    2 Many workers use it.
    5 They made him do it.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    2 3/4
    3 5/9
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    12 3,650,500
    5 32
    1 2/3
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    4 1/2
    7 106
    11 0.25
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    6 53

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    3 Opili se. drunk
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    7 Proslavila se. famous

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    7 he, his jacket, wash
    4 he, fire her
    3 they, room, clean
    8 we, the table, make
    1 I, car, repair
    2 my parents, new house, build
    6 she, hair, cut
    5 we, food, bring to our room

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.