Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    2 I work for myself.
    12 They were fired.
    10 This word is not used often.
    5 He started his own business.
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    3 I'm an employee.
    11 He's employed by our company.
    8 What is it called in English?
    6 She applied for a job.
    7 What is meant by that?
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    1 What do you do for a living?

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    7 I make more money now.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    8 John has already found a job.
    6 Jack got the job.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • f Naštval se.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    2 The house sell last week.
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • g She lost her job.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • h He's better off now.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • b She's her own boss.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    4 They got married. – They got .
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    3 She sent the message.
    8 They gave us some money.
    9 You can eat it.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    13 They hired two employees.
    14 Our company employed him.
    1 They saw her there.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    2 Many workers use it.
    5 They made him do it.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    6 He promoted her.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    10 27 : 9 = 3
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    11 0.25
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    12 3,650,500
    2 3/4
    7 106
    5 32
    3 5/9
    6 53
    1 2/3
    4 1/2

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    7 Proslavila se. famous
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    3 Opili se. drunk
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    4 he, fire her
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    6 she, hair, cut
    1 I, car, repair
    3 they, room, clean
    8 we, the table, make
    2 my parents, new house, build

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    12 Dostala padáka.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.