Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    7 What is meant by that?
    3 I'm an employee.
    10 This word is not used often.
    12 They were fired.
    6 She applied for a job.
    1 What do you do for a living?
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    8 What is it called in English?
    2 I work for myself.
    5 He started his own business.
    11 He's employed by our company.
    4 He makes a lot of money.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    8 John has already found a job.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    6 Jack got the job.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    7 I make more money now.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • f Naštval se.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    2 The house sell last week.
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    4 To rád slyším. glad

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • h He's better off now.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • g She lost her job.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • b She's her own boss.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    4 They got married. – They got .
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    13 They hired two employees.
    3 She sent the message.
    9 You can eat it.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    2 Many workers use it.
    8 They gave us some money.
    1 They saw her there.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    14 Our company employed him.
    6 He promoted her.
    5 They made him do it.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    1 2/3
    5 32
    11 0.25
    3 5/9
    6 53
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    2 3/4
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    4 1/2
    12 3,650,500
    7 106

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    3 Opili se. drunk
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    12 Zmokneš. wet

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    1 I, car, repair
    6 she, hair, cut
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    3 they, room, clean
    4 he, fire her
    8 we, the table, make
    2 my parents, new house, build

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    1 Čím se živíte?
    12 Dostala padáka.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    17 Dostal padáka.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.