Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    8 What is it called in English?
    10 This word is not used often.
    2 I work for myself.
    12 They were fired.
    1 What do you do for a living?
    11 He's employed by our company.
    7 What is meant by that?
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    3 I'm an employee.
    6 She applied for a job.
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    5 He started his own business.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    8 John has already found a job.
    7 I make more money now.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    6 Jack got the job.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • f Naštval se.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    2 The house sell last week.
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    8 This meat eat cooked.

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • g She lost her job.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • h He's better off now.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • e He stopped working there.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    4 They got married. – They got .
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    3 She sent the message.
    9 You can eat it.
    1 They saw her there.
    2 Many workers use it.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    8 They gave us some money.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    5 They made him do it.
    14 Our company employed him.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    6 He promoted her.
    13 They hired two employees.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    4 1/2
    12 3,650,500
    6 53
    5 32
    2 3/4
    11 0.25
    1 2/3
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    7 106
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    3 5/9

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    3 Opili se. drunk
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    7 he, his jacket, wash
    3 they, room, clean
    6 she, hair, cut
    2 my parents, new house, build
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    8 we, the table, make
    1 I, car, repair
    4 he, fire her

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    7 Jak se to dělá?
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    4 Byl povýšen.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    17 Dostal padáka.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.