Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    6 She applied for a job.
    12 They were fired.
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    10 This word is not used often.
    1 What do you do for a living?
    2 I work for myself.
    5 He started his own business.
    7 What is meant by that?
    11 He's employed by our company.
    8 What is it called in English?
    3 I'm an employee.
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    7 I make more money now.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    8 John has already found a job.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    6 Jack got the job.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • f Naštval se.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    2 The house sell last week.
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    8 This meat eat cooked.

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • h He's better off now.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • g She lost her job.
    • f She's trying to find employment.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    4 They got married. – They got .
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    3 She sent the message.
    2 Many workers use it.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    6 He promoted her.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    5 They made him do it.
    8 They gave us some money.
    14 Our company employed him.
    9 You can eat it.
    1 They saw her there.
    13 They hired two employees.
    4 Someone told him to do it.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    7 106
    1 2/3
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    11 0.25
    5 32
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    3 5/9
    6 53
    4 1/2
    2 3/4
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    12 3,650,500

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    12 Zmokneš. wet
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    3 Opili se. drunk

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    3 they, room, clean
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    4 he, fire her
    1 I, car, repair
    8 we, the table, make
    2 my parents, new house, build
    6 she, hair, cut

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    4 Byl povýšen.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    12 Dostala padáka.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    1 Čím se živíte?

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.