Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    10 This word is not used often.
    5 He started his own business.
    6 She applied for a job.
    1 What do you do for a living?
    8 What is it called in English?
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    11 He's employed by our company.
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    12 They were fired.
    2 I work for myself.
    7 What is meant by that?
    3 I'm an employee.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    8 John has already found a job.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    6 Jack got the job.
    7 I make more money now.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • f Naštval se.
    • h Štve mě to.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    2 The house sell last week.
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • h He's better off now.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • g She lost her job.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    4 They got married. – They got .
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    9 You can eat it.
    14 Our company employed him.
    5 They made him do it.
    3 She sent the message.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    6 He promoted her.
    1 They saw her there.
    2 Many workers use it.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    8 They gave us some money.
    13 They hired two employees.
    4 Someone told him to do it.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    2 3/4
    12 3,650,500
    4 1/2
    11 0.25
    5 32
    1 2/3
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    7 106
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    3 5/9
    6 53
    9 35 - 20 = 15

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    3 Opili se. drunk
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    5 we, food, bring to our room
    8 we, the table, make
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    3 they, room, clean
    2 my parents, new house, build
    4 he, fire her
    6 she, hair, cut
    1 I, car, repair

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.