Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    5 He started his own business.
    12 They were fired.
    2 I work for myself.
    8 What is it called in English?
    11 He's employed by our company.
    6 She applied for a job.
    7 What is meant by that?
    3 I'm an employee.
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    1 What do you do for a living?
    10 This word is not used often.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    2 Mark works on a computer.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    8 John has already found a job.
    7 I make more money now.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    6 Jack got the job.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • f Naštval se.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    2 The house sell last week.
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • g She lost her job.
    • h He's better off now.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    4 They got married. – They got .
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    8 They gave us some money.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    5 They made him do it.
    14 Our company employed him.
    6 He promoted her.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    1 They saw her there.
    3 She sent the message.
    9 You can eat it.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    13 They hired two employees.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    2 Many workers use it.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    9 35 - 20 = 15
    11 0.25
    4 1/2
    3 5/9
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    6 53
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    1 2/3
    5 32
    2 3/4
    12 3,650,500
    7 106

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    3 Opili se. drunk
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    4 he, fire her
    3 they, room, clean
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    2 my parents, new house, build
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    6 she, hair, cut
    1 I, car, repair
    8 we, the table, make

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    17 Dostal padáka.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    1 Čím se živíte?

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.