Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    10 This word is not used often.
    5 He started his own business.
    1 What do you do for a living?
    7 What is meant by that?
    6 She applied for a job.
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    8 What is it called in English?
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    2 I work for myself.
    3 I'm an employee.
    12 They were fired.
    11 He's employed by our company.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    8 John has already found a job.
    7 I make more money now.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    6 Jack got the job.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • f Naštval se.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    2 The house sell last week.
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • h He's better off now.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • g She lost her job.
    • f She's trying to find employment.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    4 They got married. – They got .
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    9 You can eat it.
    5 They made him do it.
    6 He promoted her.
    8 They gave us some money.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    3 She sent the message.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    1 They saw her there.
    14 Our company employed him.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    2 Many workers use it.
    13 They hired two employees.
    12 Nobody ever found it.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    8 55 + 55 = 110
    1 2/3
    11 0.25
    2 3/4
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    6 53
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    7 106
    5 32
    12 3,650,500
    4 1/2
    3 5/9

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    3 Opili se. drunk
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    5 we, food, bring to our room
    4 he, fire her
    6 she, hair, cut
    2 my parents, new house, build
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    8 we, the table, make
    1 I, car, repair
    3 they, room, clean

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    12 Dostala padáka.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.