Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    2 I work for myself.
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    10 This word is not used often.
    1 What do you do for a living?
    12 They were fired.
    7 What is meant by that?
    8 What is it called in English?
    3 I'm an employee.
    11 He's employed by our company.
    6 She applied for a job.
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    5 He started his own business.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    1 Jane works for herself.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    6 Jack got the job.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    8 John has already found a job.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    7 I make more money now.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • f Naštval se.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    2 The house sell last week.
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • g She lost her job.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • h He's better off now.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    4 They got married. – They got .
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    3 She sent the message.
    8 They gave us some money.
    2 Many workers use it.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    13 They hired two employees.
    1 They saw her there.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    6 He promoted her.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    14 Our company employed him.
    9 You can eat it.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    5 They made him do it.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    7 106
    11 0.25
    4 1/2
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    2 3/4
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    5 32
    3 5/9
    6 53
    12 3,650,500
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    1 2/3

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    3 Opili se. drunk
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    7 he, his jacket, wash
    6 she, hair, cut
    3 they, room, clean
    4 he, fire her
    1 I, car, repair
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    2 my parents, new house, build
    8 we, the table, make

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    17 Dostal padáka.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.