Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    6 She applied for a job.
    3 I'm an employee.
    8 What is it called in English?
    7 What is meant by that?
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    5 He started his own business.
    1 What do you do for a living?
    2 I work for myself.
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    12 They were fired.
    11 He's employed by our company.
    10 This word is not used often.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    8 John has already found a job.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    7 I make more money now.
    6 Jack got the job.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • f Naštval se.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    2 The house sell last week.
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • g She lost her job.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • h He's better off now.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    4 They got married. – They got .
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    3 She sent the message.
    13 They hired two employees.
    1 They saw her there.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    5 They made him do it.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    2 Many workers use it.
    8 They gave us some money.
    6 He promoted her.
    14 Our company employed him.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    9 You can eat it.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    5 32
    12 3,650,500
    7 106
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    2 3/4
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    11 0.25
    3 5/9
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    4 1/2
    6 53
    1 2/3

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    3 Opili se. drunk
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    11 Rozčílil se. angry

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    2 my parents, new house, build
    8 we, the table, make
    3 they, room, clean
    4 he, fire her
    6 she, hair, cut
    1 I, car, repair
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    5 we, food, bring to our room

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    7 Jak se to dělá?

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.