Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    1 What do you do for a living?
    6 She applied for a job.
    12 They were fired.
    8 What is it called in English?
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    3 I'm an employee.
    11 He's employed by our company.
    7 What is meant by that?
    2 I work for myself.
    5 He started his own business.
    10 This word is not used often.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    1 Jane works for herself.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    6 Jack got the job.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    7 I make more money now.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    8 John has already found a job.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • f Naštval se.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    2 The house sell last week.
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    8 This meat eat cooked.

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • h He's better off now.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • g She lost her job.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    4 They got married. – They got .
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    5 He's jobless. – He's .

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    3 She sent the message.
    6 He promoted her.
    14 Our company employed him.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    1 They saw her there.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    13 They hired two employees.
    2 Many workers use it.
    5 They made him do it.
    8 They gave us some money.
    9 You can eat it.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    10 27 : 9 = 3
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    2 3/4
    5 32
    12 3,650,500
    4 1/2
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    1 2/3
    7 106
    6 53
    11 0.25
    3 5/9

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    3 Opili se. drunk
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    2 my parents, new house, build
    8 we, the table, make
    6 she, hair, cut
    4 he, fire her
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    3 they, room, clean
    1 I, car, repair

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.