Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    6 She applied for a job.
    11 He's employed by our company.
    5 He started his own business.
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    1 What do you do for a living?
    8 What is it called in English?
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    2 I work for myself.
    3 I'm an employee.
    12 They were fired.
    10 This word is not used often.
    7 What is meant by that?

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    1 Jane works for herself.
    7 I make more money now.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    6 Jack got the job.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    8 John has already found a job.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • f Naštval se.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • h Štve mě to.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    2 The house sell last week.
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • h He's better off now.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • g She lost her job.
    • c He sent a job application.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    4 They got married. – They got .
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    8 They gave us some money.
    6 He promoted her.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    3 She sent the message.
    13 They hired two employees.
    1 They saw her there.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    14 Our company employed him.
    5 They made him do it.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    9 You can eat it.
    2 Many workers use it.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    12 Nobody ever found it.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    2 3/4
    3 5/9
    12 3,650,500
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    6 53
    11 0.25
    7 106
    1 2/3
    5 32
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    4 1/2
    8 55 + 55 = 110

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    3 Opili se. drunk
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    6 she, hair, cut
    8 we, the table, make
    2 my parents, new house, build
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    3 they, room, clean
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    1 I, car, repair
    4 he, fire her

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    6 Byli potrestáni.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    12 Dostala padáka.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    7 Jak se to dělá?

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.