Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    7 What is meant by that?
    10 This word is not used often.
    3 I'm an employee.
    1 What do you do for a living?
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    8 What is it called in English?
    2 I work for myself.
    6 She applied for a job.
    12 They were fired.
    11 He's employed by our company.
    5 He started his own business.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    8 John has already found a job.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    6 Jack got the job.
    7 I make more money now.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • f Naštval se.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    2 The house sell last week.
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • g She lost her job.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • h He's better off now.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • e He stopped working there.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    4 They got married. – They got .
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    13 They hired two employees.
    2 Many workers use it.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    8 They gave us some money.
    1 They saw her there.
    6 He promoted her.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    14 Our company employed him.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    5 They made him do it.
    9 You can eat it.
    3 She sent the message.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    4 1/2
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    7 106
    11 0.25
    5 32
    2 3/4
    1 2/3
    6 53
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    12 3,650,500
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    3 5/9

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    1 Stmívá se. dark
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    3 Opili se. drunk
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    6 she, hair, cut
    1 I, car, repair
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    2 my parents, new house, build
    3 they, room, clean
    8 we, the table, make
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    4 he, fire her

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    17 Dostal padáka.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    4 Byl povýšen.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.