Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    11 He's employed by our company.
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    3 I'm an employee.
    2 I work for myself.
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    8 What is it called in English?
    12 They were fired.
    6 She applied for a job.
    7 What is meant by that?
    10 This word is not used often.
    1 What do you do for a living?
    5 He started his own business.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    7 I make more money now.
    8 John has already found a job.
    6 Jack got the job.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • f Naštval se.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    2 The house sell last week.
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • h He's better off now.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • g She lost her job.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • e He stopped working there.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    4 They got married. – They got .

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    14 Our company employed him.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    3 She sent the message.
    13 They hired two employees.
    1 They saw her there.
    9 You can eat it.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    6 He promoted her.
    5 They made him do it.
    2 Many workers use it.
    8 They gave us some money.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    10 27 : 9 = 3
    1 2/3
    11 0.25
    12 3,650,500
    5 32
    2 3/4
    7 106
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    6 53
    4 1/2
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    3 5/9

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    3 Opili se. drunk
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    7 Proslavila se. famous

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    6 she, hair, cut
    3 they, room, clean
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    2 my parents, new house, build
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    8 we, the table, make
    1 I, car, repair
    4 he, fire her

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    12 Dostala padáka.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.