Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    8 What is it called in English?
    2 I work for myself.
    11 He's employed by our company.
    7 What is meant by that?
    5 He started his own business.
    3 I'm an employee.
    12 They were fired.
    10 This word is not used often.
    6 She applied for a job.
    1 What do you do for a living?
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    7 I make more money now.
    8 John has already found a job.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    6 Jack got the job.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • f Naštval se.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    2 The house sell last week.
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    8 This meat eat cooked.

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • h He's better off now.
    • g She lost her job.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    4 They got married. – They got .
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    14 Our company employed him.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    6 He promoted her.
    3 She sent the message.
    2 Many workers use it.
    8 They gave us some money.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    5 They made him do it.
    9 You can eat it.
    1 They saw her there.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    13 They hired two employees.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    7 106
    6 53
    2 3/4
    3 5/9
    11 0.25
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    5 32
    1 2/3
    12 3,650,500
    4 1/2
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    8 55 + 55 = 110

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    3 Opili se. drunk
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    1 I, car, repair
    2 my parents, new house, build
    8 we, the table, make
    6 she, hair, cut
    4 he, fire her
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    3 they, room, clean

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    4 Byl povýšen.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.