Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    11 He's employed by our company.
    5 He started his own business.
    7 What is meant by that?
    3 I'm an employee.
    10 This word is not used often.
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    12 They were fired.
    6 She applied for a job.
    8 What is it called in English?
    2 I work for myself.
    1 What do you do for a living?

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    1 Jane works for herself.
    6 Jack got the job.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    7 I make more money now.
    8 John has already found a job.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • f Naštval se.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    2 The house sell last week.
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    4 To rád slyším. glad

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • g She lost her job.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • h He's better off now.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    4 They got married. – They got .

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    3 She sent the message.
    5 They made him do it.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    14 Our company employed him.
    6 He promoted her.
    1 They saw her there.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    9 You can eat it.
    8 They gave us some money.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    13 They hired two employees.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    2 Many workers use it.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    5 32
    4 1/2
    12 3,650,500
    11 0.25
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    2 3/4
    7 106
    3 5/9
    6 53
    1 2/3

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    4 Lepšíš se. better
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    3 Opili se. drunk
    11 Rozčílil se. angry

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    2 my parents, new house, build
    6 she, hair, cut
    4 he, fire her
    1 I, car, repair
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    3 they, room, clean
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    8 we, the table, make

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    1 Čím se živíte?
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    4 Byl povýšen.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.