Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    1 What do you do for a living?
    7 What is meant by that?
    8 What is it called in English?
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    11 He's employed by our company.
    10 This word is not used often.
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    5 He started his own business.
    2 I work for myself.
    12 They were fired.
    6 She applied for a job.
    3 I'm an employee.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    8 John has already found a job.
    7 I make more money now.
    6 Jack got the job.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • f Naštval se.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    2 The house sell last week.
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • g She lost her job.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • h He's better off now.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • f She's trying to find employment.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    4 They got married. – They got .
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    5 They made him do it.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    3 She sent the message.
    13 They hired two employees.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    14 Our company employed him.
    6 He promoted her.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    9 You can eat it.
    2 Many workers use it.
    8 They gave us some money.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    1 They saw her there.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    3 5/9
    6 53
    12 3,650,500
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    5 32
    7 106
    1 2/3
    2 3/4
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    4 1/2
    11 0.25

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    3 Opili se. drunk
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    6 she, hair, cut
    1 I, car, repair
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    2 my parents, new house, build
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    4 he, fire her
    8 we, the table, make
    3 they, room, clean

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    12 Dostala padáka.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    4 Byl povýšen.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    6 Byli potrestáni.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.