Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    1 What do you do for a living?
    12 They were fired.
    7 What is meant by that?
    3 I'm an employee.
    8 What is it called in English?
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    6 She applied for a job.
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    5 He started his own business.
    10 This word is not used often.
    2 I work for myself.
    11 He's employed by our company.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    7 I make more money now.
    8 John has already found a job.
    6 Jack got the job.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    2 Mark works on a computer.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • f Naštval se.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • g Dostala padáka.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    2 The house sell last week.
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • g She lost her job.
    • h He's better off now.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • c He sent a job application.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    4 They got married. – They got .
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    3 She sent the message.
    1 They saw her there.
    6 He promoted her.
    8 They gave us some money.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    13 They hired two employees.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    5 They made him do it.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    14 Our company employed him.
    2 Many workers use it.
    9 You can eat it.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    9 35 - 20 = 15
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    1 2/3
    2 3/4
    7 106
    4 1/2
    6 53
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    3 5/9
    11 0.25
    12 3,650,500
    5 32

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    3 Opili se. drunk
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    7 Proslavila se. famous

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    5 we, food, bring to our room
    1 I, car, repair
    2 my parents, new house, build
    6 she, hair, cut
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    8 we, the table, make
    4 he, fire her
    3 they, room, clean

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.