Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    10 This word is not used often.
    1 What do you do for a living?
    8 What is it called in English?
    6 She applied for a job.
    2 I work for myself.
    12 They were fired.
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    3 I'm an employee.
    11 He's employed by our company.
    7 What is meant by that?
    5 He started his own business.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    8 John has already found a job.
    7 I make more money now.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    6 Jack got the job.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • f Naštval se.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    2 The house sell last week.
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    4 He left his car there and it steal .

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • g She lost her job.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • h He's better off now.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    4 They got married. – They got .
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    5 He's jobless. – He's .

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    2 Many workers use it.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    9 You can eat it.
    5 They made him do it.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    13 They hired two employees.
    8 They gave us some money.
    14 Our company employed him.
    6 He promoted her.
    1 They saw her there.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    3 She sent the message.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    10 27 : 9 = 3
    11 0.25
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    7 106
    12 3,650,500
    3 5/9
    1 2/3
    5 32
    6 53
    2 3/4
    4 1/2
    8 55 + 55 = 110

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    3 Opili se. drunk
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    11 Rozčílil se. angry

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    2 my parents, new house, build
    6 she, hair, cut
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    3 they, room, clean
    1 I, car, repair
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    8 we, the table, make
    4 he, fire her

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    1 Čím se živíte?
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.