Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    8 What is it called in English?
    11 He's employed by our company.
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    5 He started his own business.
    12 They were fired.
    7 What is meant by that?
    3 I'm an employee.
    10 This word is not used often.
    6 She applied for a job.
    2 I work for myself.
    1 What do you do for a living?

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    8 John has already found a job.
    7 I make more money now.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    6 Jack got the job.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • f Naštval se.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    2 The house sell last week.
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • g She lost her job.
    • h He's better off now.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    4 They got married. – They got .

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    3 She sent the message.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    5 They made him do it.
    13 They hired two employees.
    6 He promoted her.
    9 You can eat it.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    14 Our company employed him.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    8 They gave us some money.
    2 Many workers use it.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    1 They saw her there.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    5 32
    6 53
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    1 2/3
    12 3,650,500
    11 0.25
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    2 3/4
    3 5/9
    7 106
    4 1/2

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    3 Opili se. drunk
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    2 my parents, new house, build
    1 I, car, repair
    4 he, fire her
    3 they, room, clean
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    8 we, the table, make
    6 she, hair, cut

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    6 Byli potrestáni.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    4 Byl povýšen.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.