Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    4 He makes a lot of money.
    5 He started his own business.
    2 I work for myself.
    7 What is meant by that?
    6 She applied for a job.
    1 What do you do for a living?
    8 What is it called in English?
    11 He's employed by our company.
    12 They were fired.
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    10 This word is not used often.
    3 I'm an employee.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    6 Jack got the job.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    8 John has already found a job.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    7 I make more money now.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • f Naštval se.
    • d Nelepší se to.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    2 The house sell last week.
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • h He's better off now.
    • g She lost her job.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • f She's trying to find employment.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    4 They got married. – They got .
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    3 She sent the message.
    1 They saw her there.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    6 He promoted her.
    9 You can eat it.
    8 They gave us some money.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    13 They hired two employees.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    2 Many workers use it.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    5 They made him do it.
    14 Our company employed him.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    7 106
    12 3,650,500
    11 0.25
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    4 1/2
    2 3/4
    5 32
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    1 2/3
    6 53
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    3 5/9

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    12 Zmokneš. wet
    3 Opili se. drunk
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    8 we, the table, make
    6 she, hair, cut
    3 they, room, clean
    4 he, fire her
    1 I, car, repair
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    2 my parents, new house, build
    7 he, his jacket, wash

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    17 Dostal padáka.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    4 Byl povýšen.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.