Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    12 They were fired.
    3 I'm an employee.
    1 What do you do for a living?
    6 She applied for a job.
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    7 What is meant by that?
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    10 This word is not used often.
    8 What is it called in English?
    2 I work for myself.
    11 He's employed by our company.
    5 He started his own business.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    1 Jane works for herself.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    6 Jack got the job.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    7 I make more money now.
    8 John has already found a job.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • f Naštval se.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • d Nelepší se to.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    2 The house sell last week.

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    4 To rád slyším. glad

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • h He's better off now.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • g She lost her job.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • a He's unemployed.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    4 They got married. – They got .
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    12 Nobody ever found it.
    8 They gave us some money.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    1 They saw her there.
    3 She sent the message.
    2 Many workers use it.
    6 He promoted her.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    5 They made him do it.
    9 You can eat it.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    13 They hired two employees.
    14 Our company employed him.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    10 27 : 9 = 3
    1 2/3
    3 5/9
    2 3/4
    11 0.25
    6 53
    4 1/2
    5 32
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    12 3,650,500
    7 106

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    3 Opili se. drunk
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    5 we, food, bring to our room
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    2 my parents, new house, build
    1 I, car, repair
    6 she, hair, cut
    3 they, room, clean
    8 we, the table, make
    4 he, fire her

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    4 Byl povýšen.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.