Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    1 What do you do for a living?
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    10 This word is not used often.
    5 He started his own business.
    12 They were fired.
    3 I'm an employee.
    11 He's employed by our company.
    8 What is it called in English?
    6 She applied for a job.
    7 What is meant by that?
    2 I work for myself.
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    1 Jane works for herself.
    6 Jack got the job.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    7 I make more money now.
    8 John has already found a job.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • f Naštval se.
    • d Nelepší se to.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    2 The house sell last week.
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • h He's better off now.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • g She lost her job.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    4 They got married. – They got .
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    3 She sent the message.
    2 Many workers use it.
    13 They hired two employees.
    9 You can eat it.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    14 Our company employed him.
    6 He promoted her.
    8 They gave us some money.
    1 They saw her there.
    5 They made him do it.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    3 5/9
    11 0.25
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    5 32
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    4 1/2
    6 53
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    7 106
    1 2/3
    2 3/4
    12 3,650,500

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    3 Opili se. drunk
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    3 they, room, clean
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    1 I, car, repair
    6 she, hair, cut
    2 my parents, new house, build
    4 he, fire her
    8 we, the table, make
    5 we, food, bring to our room

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.