Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    11 He's employed by our company.
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    7 What is meant by that?
    10 This word is not used often.
    1 What do you do for a living?
    8 What is it called in English?
    5 He started his own business.
    6 She applied for a job.
    3 I'm an employee.
    2 I work for myself.
    12 They were fired.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    8 John has already found a job.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    6 Jack got the job.
    7 I make more money now.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • f Naštval se.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    2 The house sell last week.
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • g She lost her job.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • h He's better off now.
    • a He's unemployed.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    4 They got married. – They got .

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    1 They saw her there.
    8 They gave us some money.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    13 They hired two employees.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    3 She sent the message.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    14 Our company employed him.
    6 He promoted her.
    9 You can eat it.
    2 Many workers use it.
    5 They made him do it.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    4 1/2
    11 0.25
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    2 3/4
    7 106
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    6 53
    3 5/9
    12 3,650,500
    5 32
    1 2/3
    10 27 : 9 = 3

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    3 Opili se. drunk
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    7 he, his jacket, wash
    3 they, room, clean
    4 he, fire her
    2 my parents, new house, build
    6 she, hair, cut
    1 I, car, repair
    8 we, the table, make
    5 we, food, bring to our room

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.