Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    12 They were fired.
    8 What is it called in English?
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    6 She applied for a job.
    3 I'm an employee.
    5 He started his own business.
    2 I work for myself.
    7 What is meant by that?
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    10 This word is not used often.
    11 He's employed by our company.
    1 What do you do for a living?

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    7 I make more money now.
    6 Jack got the job.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    8 John has already found a job.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • f Naštval se.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • d Nelepší se to.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    2 The house sell last week.
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    8 This meat eat cooked.

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • h He's better off now.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • g She lost her job.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • b She's her own boss.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    4 They got married. – They got .
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    4 Someone told him to do it.
    1 They saw her there.
    3 She sent the message.
    8 They gave us some money.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    6 He promoted her.
    5 They made him do it.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    2 Many workers use it.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    13 They hired two employees.
    9 You can eat it.
    14 Our company employed him.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    7 106
    11 0.25
    1 2/3
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    6 53
    2 3/4
    12 3,650,500
    5 32
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    3 5/9
    4 1/2

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    3 Opili se. drunk
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    5 we, food, bring to our room
    6 she, hair, cut
    3 they, room, clean
    4 he, fire her
    1 I, car, repair
    2 my parents, new house, build
    8 we, the table, make
    7 he, his jacket, wash

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.