Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    12 They were fired.
    5 He started his own business.
    11 He's employed by our company.
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    7 What is meant by that?
    3 I'm an employee.
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    8 What is it called in English?
    6 She applied for a job.
    10 This word is not used often.
    2 I work for myself.
    1 What do you do for a living?

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    1 Jane works for herself.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    7 I make more money now.
    8 John has already found a job.
    6 Jack got the job.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • f Naštval se.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • h Štve mě to.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    2 The house sell last week.
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    8 This meat eat cooked.

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    4 To rád slyším. glad
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • h He's better off now.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • g She lost her job.
    • d She's better paid now.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    4 They got married. – They got .
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    9 You can eat it.
    1 They saw her there.
    13 They hired two employees.
    3 She sent the message.
    6 He promoted her.
    2 Many workers use it.
    5 They made him do it.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    8 They gave us some money.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    14 Our company employed him.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    9 35 - 20 = 15
    3 5/9
    12 3,650,500
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    4 1/2
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    5 32
    7 106
    1 2/3
    2 3/4
    11 0.25
    6 53

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    3 Opili se. drunk
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    7 Proslavila se. famous

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    3 they, room, clean
    8 we, the table, make
    6 she, hair, cut
    1 I, car, repair
    2 my parents, new house, build
    4 he, fire her
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    7 he, his jacket, wash

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    4 Byl povýšen.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.