Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    6 She applied for a job.
    7 What is meant by that?
    12 They were fired.
    11 He's employed by our company.
    3 I'm an employee.
    5 He started his own business.
    8 What is it called in English?
    10 This word is not used often.
    2 I work for myself.
    1 What do you do for a living?
    4 He makes a lot of money.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    2 Mark works on a computer.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    7 I make more money now.
    8 John has already found a job.
    6 Jack got the job.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • f Naštval se.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    2 The house sell last week.
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • h He's better off now.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • g She lost her job.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • b She's her own boss.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    4 They got married. – They got .
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    1 They saw her there.
    8 They gave us some money.
    6 He promoted her.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    3 She sent the message.
    9 You can eat it.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    2 Many workers use it.
    5 They made him do it.
    14 Our company employed him.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    13 They hired two employees.
    12 Nobody ever found it.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    4 1/2
    6 53
    12 3,650,500
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    1 2/3
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    7 106
    11 0.25
    5 32
    2 3/4
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    3 5/9

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    3 Opili se. drunk
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    6 she, hair, cut
    2 my parents, new house, build
    3 they, room, clean
    4 he, fire her
    8 we, the table, make
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    1 I, car, repair
    7 he, his jacket, wash

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    17 Dostal padáka.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.