Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    3 I'm an employee.
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    8 What is it called in English?
    10 This word is not used often.
    12 They were fired.
    6 She applied for a job.
    7 What is meant by that?
    1 What do you do for a living?
    11 He's employed by our company.
    5 He started his own business.
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    2 I work for myself.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    8 John has already found a job.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    7 I make more money now.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    6 Jack got the job.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • f Naštval se.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    2 The house sell last week.
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • g She lost her job.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • h He's better off now.
    • f She's trying to find employment.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    4 They got married. – They got .
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    9 You can eat it.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    13 They hired two employees.
    2 Many workers use it.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    1 They saw her there.
    5 They made him do it.
    8 They gave us some money.
    6 He promoted her.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    3 She sent the message.
    14 Our company employed him.
    12 Nobody ever found it.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    6 53
    7 106
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    2 3/4
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    12 3,650,500
    4 1/2
    1 2/3
    11 0.25
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    3 5/9
    5 32

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    4 Lepšíš se. better
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    3 Opili se. drunk

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    1 I, car, repair
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    8 we, the table, make
    4 he, fire her
    6 she, hair, cut
    3 they, room, clean
    2 my parents, new house, build

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    17 Dostal padáka.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    4 Byl povýšen.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.