Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    2 I work for myself.
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    3 I'm an employee.
    5 He started his own business.
    6 She applied for a job.
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    7 What is meant by that?
    10 This word is not used often.
    12 They were fired.
    1 What do you do for a living?
    11 He's employed by our company.
    8 What is it called in English?

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    6 Jack got the job.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    8 John has already found a job.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    7 I make more money now.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • f Naštval se.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • d Nelepší se to.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    2 The house sell last week.
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    4 To rád slyším. glad
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • h He's better off now.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • g She lost her job.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • f She's trying to find employment.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    4 They got married. – They got .
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    5 He's jobless. – He's .

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    13 They hired two employees.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    8 They gave us some money.
    9 You can eat it.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    3 She sent the message.
    14 Our company employed him.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    5 They made him do it.
    2 Many workers use it.
    1 They saw her there.
    6 He promoted her.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    1 2/3
    12 3,650,500
    2 3/4
    3 5/9
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    4 1/2
    11 0.25
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    5 32
    6 53
    7 106

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    3 Opili se. drunk
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    1 Stmívá se. dark

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    6 she, hair, cut
    4 he, fire her
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    1 I, car, repair
    3 they, room, clean
    8 we, the table, make
    2 my parents, new house, build
    7 he, his jacket, wash

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.