Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    8 What is it called in English?
    3 I'm an employee.
    1 What do you do for a living?
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    12 They were fired.
    10 This word is not used often.
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    11 He's employed by our company.
    7 What is meant by that?
    5 He started his own business.
    6 She applied for a job.
    2 I work for myself.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    6 Jack got the job.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    8 John has already found a job.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    7 I make more money now.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • f Naštval se.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • d Nelepší se to.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    2 The house sell last week.
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    4 To rád slyším. glad
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • g She lost her job.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • h He's better off now.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • b She's her own boss.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    4 They got married. – They got .
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    5 They made him do it.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    1 They saw her there.
    8 They gave us some money.
    2 Many workers use it.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    14 Our company employed him.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    13 They hired two employees.
    3 She sent the message.
    9 You can eat it.
    6 He promoted her.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    4 1/2
    12 3,650,500
    11 0.25
    1 2/3
    5 32
    7 106
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    3 5/9
    6 53
    2 3/4

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    3 Opili se. drunk

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    4 he, fire her
    1 I, car, repair
    2 my parents, new house, build
    6 she, hair, cut
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    8 we, the table, make
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    3 they, room, clean

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    1 Čím se živíte?
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.