Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    8 What is it called in English?
    11 He's employed by our company.
    5 He started his own business.
    2 I work for myself.
    12 They were fired.
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    7 What is meant by that?
    1 What do you do for a living?
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    3 I'm an employee.
    6 She applied for a job.
    10 This word is not used often.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    6 Jack got the job.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    7 I make more money now.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    8 John has already found a job.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.
    • f Naštval se.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    8 This meat eat cooked.
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    2 The house sell last week.
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • g She lost her job.
    • h He's better off now.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • b She's her own boss.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • f She's trying to find employment.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    4 They got married. – They got .
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    3 She sent the message.
    8 They gave us some money.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    2 Many workers use it.
    9 You can eat it.
    5 They made him do it.
    1 They saw her there.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    14 Our company employed him.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    13 They hired two employees.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    6 He promoted her.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    2 3/4
    7 106
    6 53
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    11 0.25
    4 1/2
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    5 32
    9 35 - 20 = 15
    1 2/3
    3 5/9
    12 3,650,500

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    3 Opili se. drunk
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    4 he, fire her
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    1 I, car, repair
    3 they, room, clean
    8 we, the table, make
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    2 my parents, new house, build
    6 she, hair, cut

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    1 Čím se živíte?
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    17 Dostal padáka.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    6 Byli potrestáni.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.