Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    3 I'm an employee.
    5 He started his own business.
    12 They were fired.
    8 What is it called in English?
    2 I work for myself.
    6 She applied for a job.
    11 He's employed by our company.
    4 He makes a lot of money.
    7 What is meant by that?
    9 The e-mail was sent yesterday.
    1 What do you do for a living?
    10 This word is not used often.

    Už znáte užití koncovky -er - váže se k subjektu, jenž něco činí, např. employer, worker. Podobně funguje u některých sloves koncovka -or např.: translate (přeložit) - translator (překladatel) ap. Všimněte si též koncovky -ee např. u slova employee. Ta se naopak užívá u osoby, která je činnosti podrobena. Např. interviewer (dotazovatel) - interviewee (dotazovaný - u pohovoru ap.).

    Exercise 2

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    8 John has already found a job.
    5 Some workers lost their jobs.
    2 Mark works on a computer.
    1 Jane works for herself.
    6 Jack got the job.
    3 Bob doesn't work for a British company now.
    7 I make more money now.
    4 Less than 50 workers work for the company.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 The food will go bad.
    • 2 She got fired.
    • 3 I'm getting thirsty.
    • 4 It makes me angry.
    • 5 He got angry.
    • 6 It's not getting better.
    • 7 It's getting cold.
    • 8 He should get used to it.
    • d Nelepší se to.
    • g Dostala padáka.
    • h Štve mě to.
    • a Ochlazuje se.
    • f Naštval se.
    • b Dostávám žízeň.
    • c Jídlo se zkazí.
    • e Měl by si na to zvyknout.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    9 He gets angry very often. It's hard to get by/along/after with him.
    3 He got the job – Oh really? I'm so nice/glad/fine to hear that.
    4 He was often late for work. So he was fired/accepted/employed.
    10 Our plane takes on/out/off at 10 a.m.
    1 She works like/as/such as a teacher. She teaches English.
    8 I'm very tired. I need to take/get/give some sleep.
    6 They were fired last month and they are still employed/jobless/applied.
    11 They needed more workers. They took out/for/on new staff.
    5 She didn't like her job. She decided to apply/get off/quit.
    2 He applied for a job, but he wasn't taken/received/accepted.
    7 He'll be promoted and get a pay rise/loss/raise.

    Nezaměňujte anglické termíny salary, wage a pay. Salary je pravidelný měsíční plat. Wage je mzda (hl. placená od hodiny, týdně ap.). Pay je plat či výplata, tedy vyplácené peníze. Např. pay day je den výplaty ap. Obecný formální termín pro odměnu (či odměňování) za práci je většinou remuneration rɪˌmjuːnəˈreɪʃən.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte správné tvary trpného rodu.

    10 Over 20 new workers take on last month.
    1 I don't know its name. What it call ?
    6 The job pay well . You can make a lot of money.
    5 My car has broken down. It needs to repair .
    9 I don't understand it. The messages write in Chinese.
    3 We can't go there. We not invite .
    4 He left his car there and it steal .
    7 You'll understand. English and French speak there.
    8 This meat eat cooked.
    2 The house sell last week.

    Užitečný obrat s trpným rodem je: be held - konat se (má podobný význam jako nám již známé take place). Např.: A meeting was held. - Konala se schůzka. ap. Hold znamená držet, ale také pořádat či konat. Pozor! Hold je nepravidelné sloveso s tvary: Past tense (PT) - held hεld a Past participle (PP) - held hεld.

    Exercise 6

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    • Řekněte anglicky s použitím částice to. Využijte nápovědu.

    8 Předstírala, že neví. pretend, not
    3 Byl první, kdo to věděl. first
    10 Promiňte, že vás obtěžuji. bother
    1 Byla překvapená, že mě vidí. surprised
    6 Znám místo, kde se dá skvěle najíst. great place
    2 Očekávám, že nám pomůžete. expect you
    4 To rád slyším. glad
    9 Měl štěstí, že našel práci. lucky
    7 Mám jiné věci na práci. other things
    5 Je toho tady hodně k vidění. a lot

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte výroky s přibližně stejným významem.

    • 1 She was fired.
    • 2 She's got a pay rise.
    • 3 He's jobless.
    • 4 She's looking for a job.
    • 5 He's been promoted.
    • 6 She works for herself.
    • 7 He applied for a job.
    • 8 He quit his job.
    • g She lost her job.
    • d She's better paid now.
    • e He stopped working there.
    • a He's unemployed.
    • c He sent a job application.
    • h He's better off now.
    • f She's trying to find employment.
    • b She's her own boss.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhou větu tak, aby měla opačný význam než věta první.

    7 He bought the car last year. – He the car last year.
    3 They hired 5 workers. – They 5 workers.
    1 It's getting better. – It's getting .
    5 He's jobless. – He's .
    2 The keys were lost. – The keys were .
    9 Can you take me to the airport? – Can you me up at the airport?
    10 When does the plane land? – When does the plane off?
    8 My car is repaired. – My car is .
    4 They got married. – They got .
    6 She lost her job. – She a new job.

    Exercise 9

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    • Utvořte věty stejného významu pomocí trpného rodu.

    1 They saw her there.
    8 They gave us some money.
    14 Our company employed him.
    11 Somebody lost the keys.
    2 Many workers use it.
    4 Someone told him to do it.
    7 They say that she is beautiful.
    10 Rich people buy these cars.
    13 They hired two employees.
    3 She sent the message.
    12 Nobody ever found it.
    6 He promoted her.
    5 They made him do it.
    9 You can eat it.

    He is wanted. je česky: Hledá ho policie. (zločince ap.). Help wanted. znamená: Přijmeme výpomoc. (brigádníka ap.).

    Exercise 10

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    • Přečtěte a napište celými slovy anglicky.

    9 35 - 20 = 15
    10 27 : 9 = 3
    11 0.25
    2 3/4
    8 55 + 55 = 110
    12 3,650,500
    6 53
    3 5/9
    5 32
    7 106
    4 1/2
    1 2/3

    Exercise 11

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    • Přeložte změny stavu become, get, go, grow, turn. Využijte nápovědu.

    2 Na to si zvykneš. used to
    1 Stmívá se. dark
    12 Zmokneš. wet
    8 To jídlo se zkazí. bad
    15 Přestává mě to bavit. tired
    13 Počítač (se) zpomaluje. slow
    6 Začíná to být těžké. difficult
    9 Dostali jsme hlad. hungry
    11 Rozčílil se. angry
    7 Proslavila se. famous
    14 Začal jsem mít strach. afraid
    4 Lepšíš se. better
    10 Dostávám žízeň. thirsty
    16 Brzy se unavila. tired
    5 Počasí se zhoršilo. worse
    3 Opili se. drunk

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte vhodné slovo.

    1 What does he do for a ? – He works as a teacher.
    5 These jobs are not well . You won't make much money.
    6 Why did she her job? – Her salary was too low.
    4 He worked a programmer but was fired.
    9 It's hard to get along with her. She angry very often.
    2 He applied a job, but he wasn't accepted.
    7 John hasn't found a job yet. He is still .
    8 He didn't send me the money. He me really angry.
    3 We need more staff. We must new employees.
    10 There was no meeting yesterday. It was called .

    Exercise 13

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    • Řekněte podle nápovědy anglicky, co (si) kdo nechal či dal udělat.

    4 he, fire her
    5 we, food, bring to our room
    8 we, the table, make
    1 I, car, repair
    7 he, his jacket, wash
    6 she, hair, cut
    2 my parents, new house, build
    3 they, room, clean

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte. Kde lze, použijte trpný rod.

    5 Jak se to nazývá anglicky?
    1 Čím se živíte?
    17 Dostal padáka.
    15 Prodalo se 1000 aut.
    12 Dostala padáka.
    7 Jak se to dělá?
    6 Byli potrestáni.
    11 Vyrábí se tam auta.
    2 Pracuji jako účetní.
    18 Dvě třetiny z nich dostaly přidáno.
    8 Najali 5 pracovníků.
    10 V Británii se mluví anglicky.
    4 Byl povýšen.
    16 Musím si ti nechat opravit.
    3 Dělám sám na sebe.
    9 Ukradli mu auto.
    13 Zvykl jsem si na to.
    14 Rezervace byla zrušena.

    Sloveso fire (vyhodit z práce) je běžné, ale spíše hovorové. Znamená též mimo jiné vypálit, vystřelit (ze zbraně ap.). Formální termín pro propustit (z práce) je dismiss dɪsˈmɪs. Např. He was dismissed. - Byl propuštěn.