Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    5 I hope I will be admitted.
    9 He got a university degree.
    12 He might know.
    13 You may know her.
    3 He failed the exam.
    10 I was educated at Trinity College.
    4 She got a C in math.
    6 Did you pass the exam?
    2 She didn't get into college.
    8 It takes a lot of studying.
    1 Where did you go to school?
    11 What will he do after graduating?
    7 She attends a language course.

    Course book je učebnice do jazykového kurzu (course kɔːs - kurz).

    Exercise 2

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    • Označte podle úvodního článku, co je pravda (true) a nepravda (false).

    7 Mark doesn't want to take out a student loan.
    5 Mark would like to apply to college.
    1 Mark has already graduated from high school.
    2 He's a junior in high school.
    6 Mark's parents are rich enough to pay for his college studies.
    4 Mark himself has experienced bullying at school.
    3 Mark has two siblings, a younger one and an older one.
    8 Mark's elder brother wants to become a doctor.

    Experience ve významu zkušenosti, praxe nemá množné číslo. Např.: No experience required. - Nevyžadujeme praxi. Ve významu zážitek se ale v množném čísle vyskytuje. Např.: He shared his experiences. - Podělil se o své zážitky.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 Vzal si studentský úvěr.
    • 2 V kolikátém je ročníku?
    • 3 Udělal tu zkoušku?
    • 4 Dobře se učí.
    • 5 Nebude půjčku moci splatit.
    • 6 Odešel ze školy.
    • 7 Studuje práva.
    • b He won't be able to repay the loan.
    • f He's doing well at school.
    • d He took out a student loan.
    • c He dropped out of school.
    • g What grade is he in?
    • a Did he pass the exam?
    • e He's studying to be a lawyer.

    V USA se studenti dle ročníků běžně nazývají: freshman ˈfrεʃmən (prvák), sophomore ˈsɒfəˌmɔː (druhák), junior ˈdʒuːnjə (třeťák) a senior ˈsiːnjə (čtvrťák).

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    7 He has many friends among/between/inside his schoolmates.
    4 He had to take in/for/out a student loan.
    3 I asked/applied/called to university.
    1 He wasn't let/allowed/admitted to college.
    8 If I don't get into college I'll be made/done/forced to work.
    6 They can't help/pass/afford to pay for his studies.
    2 When do you take/pass/get the exam?
    5 When is he going to graduate out of/from/off university?

    Exercise 5

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    • Převeďte věty do trpného rodu v čase uvedeném v nápovědě.

    4 Their car is stolen. present perfect
    3 She is fired. past, future
    8 He will be fired if he does that. second conditional
    2 The car was sold. future
    6 It isn't used. present perfect
    5 No houses are built. future
    7 Cars are made here. present continuous
    1 He was forced to take out a loan. present

    Exercise 6

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 She's still a baby.
    • 2 How old is the house?
    • 3 She's been fired.
    • 4 Did he get into college?
    • 5 Is he still alive?
    • 6 Where's your car?
    • 7 Do you like my jacket?
    • 8 He did a very bad thing.
    • d It was built in 1965.
    • e She's jobless now.
    • c No, he's dead. He was killed.
    • a No, he wasn't admitted.
    • h It's being repaired.
    • f It was made in Paris.
    • b She must be looked after.
    • g He should be punished.

    Zapamatujte si užitečný obrat s trpným rodem: I've been told that ... - Bylo mi řečeno, že... nebo I've been told to ... - Bylo mi řečeno, abych...

    Exercise 7

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    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte ve větách v trpném rodě.

    5
    2
    10
    6
    7
    1
    4
    8
    3
    9

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhé věty pomocí trpného rodu tak, aby měly stejný význam.

    3 They should promote him for that. - He for that.
    5 They will send two people there. - Two people there.
    9 You can find all information at: - All information at:
    6 You must eat it fresh. - It must fresh.
    7 All the workers would do it. - It by all the workers.
    2 Nobody has used it yet. - It hasn't yet.
    8 Many people have read it. - It by many people.
    1 We will inform you in time. - You in time.
    4 They make great wine in Italy. - Great wine in Italy.

    Exercise 9

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    5 Nobody's watching TV. I'll turn it in/off/away.
    8 I can't go on. I have given on/down/up.
    4 We must hurry. We are running/going/carrying out of time.
    3 It's a long way. We must let/set/take out early tomorrow.
    7 She's very old and must be looked/taken/given after.
    1 I don't know, but I will find on/in/out.
    6 It's not known who brought/carried/worked out the attack.
    2 He's very strong. He keeps/works/puts out every day.

    Exercise 10

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    • Přeložte pomocí trpného rodu. Využijte nápovědu.

    6 Zpráva ještě nebyla odeslána.
    message, send
    3 Vychovala ji babička.
    bring up
    2 Měl by dostat víc času.
    give
    8 Byli bychom nuceni to vzdát.
    force, give up
    5 Schůzka byla zrušena. (předpřítomný čas)
    meeting, cancel
    1 Bude to zaplaceno za týden.
    pay
    7 Bylo mi řečeno, abych počkal.
    tell
    4 Je možné to vidět v Londýně.
    see

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy. Kde lze, použijte gerundium.

    1 What is she good at? sing
    4 What are they looking forward to? go on holiday
    9 When do you take a shower? before go to bed
    7 How did he become rich? by, work hard
    6 What did he thank you for? help him
    3 What do they complain about? have no money
    8 When will she come? after finish her work
    2 What is he afraid of? lose his job
    5 What is he interested in? buy that house

    Thank you for having me. je obrat, který lze volně přeložit jako “Díky za pozvání.” Můžete jej slyšet od hosta po návštěvě, v televizní debatě ap.

    Exercise 12

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky. Všímejte si způsobů překládání slovesa mít.

    • 1 Co mám dělat?
    • 2 Má přijet za hodinu.
    • 3 Měl by jí pomoct.
    • 4 Mám mu to říct?
    • 5 Měl by víc peněz.
    • 6 Neměl jsem na to čas.
    • 7 Neměl odpovídat.
    • 8 Nemělo by to být moc drahé.
    • g It shouldn't be too expensive.
    • b Shall I tell him?
    • e I didn't have time for that.
    • c He wasn't supposed to reply.
    • f He should help her.
    • d What am I supposed to do?
    • a He'd have more money.
    • h He is to arrive in an hour.

    Infinitivní obrat: To be continued ... znamená: Pokračování příště.

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    9 It's hard for me sometime/sometimes/some day.
    6 I've been there many time/more/times.
    10 Have they arrived still/yet/now?
    7 It'll be better next time/times/one.
    3 We haven't met since/from/until then.
    11 He was here an hour since/ago/before.
    8 She isn't here at/in/on the moment. She's left already/still/just.
    2 I've known her from/since/for a long time.
    5 I haven't seen her last/recently/at present.
    4 I'll do it as soon as ready/possible/already.
    1 He hasn't come still/yet/already.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte časové věty. Využijte nápovědu.

    8 Dokud bude pršet, zůstaneme doma. as long as
    5 Postarám se o děti, když bude Jane pryč. while
    7 Řeknu mu to hned, jak zavolá. as soon as
    2 Dám ti vědět, až Mark přijde. when
    6 Měl bys být zdvořilý, když o něco žádáš. when
    1 Zavolej mi, než odejdeš. before
    4 Zavolám ti, až to dokončím. after
    3 Počkáme, dokud se nevrátíš. until, come back

    Obrat as we speak se užívá v přímé řeči jako: právě teď o právě probíhající činnosti. Např. They are working on it as we speak. - Právě teď na tom pracují. Spojka as se užívá i ve významu když, jak(mile). Např.: As we get older ... - Jak stárneme..., They started as I got there. - Začali hned, jak jsem tam dorazil.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte vhodné vztažné spojky.

    1 My brother, lives in our house, is still single.
    7 They were introduced by a friend knows them both.
    6 They had to buy a new one, cost them 10 000 pounds.
    12 The school I study is very old.
    3 What's the colour of the car he bought?
    2 They live in Ipswich is in East England.
    5 That's the woman asked me about you.
    8 They've informed the man car was stolen.
    9 The children go to that school are not local.
    4 He's the man wife has died.
    10 Did you read the e-mail I sent you yesterday?
    13 There are students are afraid of their schoolmates.
    11 What's the name of the author wrote that book?

    Slovo schoolmate je spolužák ze stejné školy (ne nutně třídy). Spolužák z téže třídy je classmate (class + mate). Koncovka -mate se užívá za podstatným jménem k vyjádření osoby, která něco sdílí s jinou osobou. Např. roommate - spolubydlící (z téhož pokoje - room), flatmate - spolubydlící (z téhož bytu - flat) ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Utvořte možné doplňovací otázky (WH questions) k následujícím odpovědím.

    11 John's car was stolen.
    5 I saw Jane.
    4 Nobody asked me about it.
    3 I'll be back in an hour.
    7 I told Jack about it.
    1 I want nothing from you.
    10 We need 200 more.
    2 Paul helped me do it.
    9 We'll meet at the station.
    8 I'm meeting Bob and Frank.
    6 Nobody saw me.
    12 It was caused by bad weather.

    Exercise 17

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    14 Mají přijít za hodinu.
    16 Dávej pozor! (co děláš)
    5 Nedostal se na vysokou.
    9 Kdy jsi ho naposledy viděl?
    3 Udělal tu zkoušku?
    11 Budu nucen najít si jinou práci.
    2 Chodil jsem do jazykového kurzu.
    6 Brzy bude maturovat.
    15 Jak to mám vědět?
    8 Teď tady zrovna není. (on)
    1 Kam jsi chodil do školy?
    13 Měl by dostat padáka.
    7 Dostal trojku z angličtiny.
    12 Bude povýšena.
    10 Přijďte k nám někdy. (na návštěvu)
    4 Hlásila se na vysokou.

    Mathematics se hovorově řekne maths mæθs a v americké angličtině math mæθ.