Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    12 He might know.
    1 Where did you go to school?
    3 He failed the exam.
    4 She got a C in math.
    2 She didn't get into college.
    13 You may know her.
    10 I was educated at Trinity College.
    7 She attends a language course.
    6 Did you pass the exam?
    8 It takes a lot of studying.
    11 What will he do after graduating?
    9 He got a university degree.
    5 I hope I will be admitted.

    Course book je učebnice do jazykového kurzu (course kɔːs - kurz).

    Exercise 2

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    • Označte podle úvodního článku, co je pravda (true) a nepravda (false).

    5 Mark would like to apply to college.
    7 Mark doesn't want to take out a student loan.
    3 Mark has two siblings, a younger one and an older one.
    6 Mark's parents are rich enough to pay for his college studies.
    4 Mark himself has experienced bullying at school.
    8 Mark's elder brother wants to become a doctor.
    2 He's a junior in high school.
    1 Mark has already graduated from high school.

    Experience ve významu zkušenosti, praxe nemá množné číslo. Např.: No experience required. - Nevyžadujeme praxi. Ve významu zážitek se ale v množném čísle vyskytuje. Např.: He shared his experiences. - Podělil se o své zážitky.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 Vzal si studentský úvěr.
    • 2 V kolikátém je ročníku?
    • 3 Udělal tu zkoušku?
    • 4 Dobře se učí.
    • 5 Nebude půjčku moci splatit.
    • 6 Odešel ze školy.
    • 7 Studuje práva.
    • d He took out a student loan.
    • c He dropped out of school.
    • b He won't be able to repay the loan.
    • a Did he pass the exam?
    • e He's studying to be a lawyer.
    • f He's doing well at school.
    • g What grade is he in?

    V USA se studenti dle ročníků běžně nazývají: freshman ˈfrεʃmən (prvák), sophomore ˈsɒfəˌmɔː (druhák), junior ˈdʒuːnjə (třeťák) a senior ˈsiːnjə (čtvrťák).

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    4 He had to take in/for/out a student loan.
    8 If I don't get into college I'll be made/done/forced to work.
    3 I asked/applied/called to university.
    1 He wasn't let/allowed/admitted to college.
    2 When do you take/pass/get the exam?
    7 He has many friends among/between/inside his schoolmates.
    6 They can't help/pass/afford to pay for his studies.
    5 When is he going to graduate out of/from/off university?

    Exercise 5

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    • Převeďte věty do trpného rodu v čase uvedeném v nápovědě.

    4 Their car is stolen. present perfect
    5 No houses are built. future
    6 It isn't used. present perfect
    8 He will be fired if he does that. second conditional
    7 Cars are made here. present continuous
    3 She is fired. past, future
    1 He was forced to take out a loan. present
    2 The car was sold. future

    Exercise 6

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 She's still a baby.
    • 2 How old is the house?
    • 3 She's been fired.
    • 4 Did he get into college?
    • 5 Is he still alive?
    • 6 Where's your car?
    • 7 Do you like my jacket?
    • 8 He did a very bad thing.
    • a No, he wasn't admitted.
    • b She must be looked after.
    • f It was made in Paris.
    • h It's being repaired.
    • e She's jobless now.
    • g He should be punished.
    • c No, he's dead. He was killed.
    • d It was built in 1965.

    Zapamatujte si užitečný obrat s trpným rodem: I've been told that ... - Bylo mi řečeno, že... nebo I've been told to ... - Bylo mi řečeno, abych...

    Exercise 7

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    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte ve větách v trpném rodě.

    4
    2
    7
    6
    3
    5
    8
    9
    10
    1

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhé věty pomocí trpného rodu tak, aby měly stejný význam.

    8 Many people have read it. - It by many people.
    7 All the workers would do it. - It by all the workers.
    9 You can find all information at: - All information at:
    2 Nobody has used it yet. - It hasn't yet.
    3 They should promote him for that. - He for that.
    1 We will inform you in time. - You in time.
    6 You must eat it fresh. - It must fresh.
    5 They will send two people there. - Two people there.
    4 They make great wine in Italy. - Great wine in Italy.

    Exercise 9

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    8 I can't go on. I have given on/down/up.
    5 Nobody's watching TV. I'll turn it in/off/away.
    6 It's not known who brought/carried/worked out the attack.
    4 We must hurry. We are running/going/carrying out of time.
    2 He's very strong. He keeps/works/puts out every day.
    1 I don't know, but I will find on/in/out.
    7 She's very old and must be looked/taken/given after.
    3 It's a long way. We must let/set/take out early tomorrow.

    Exercise 10

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    • Přeložte pomocí trpného rodu. Využijte nápovědu.

    4 Je možné to vidět v Londýně.
    see
    2 Měl by dostat víc času.
    give
    8 Byli bychom nuceni to vzdát.
    force, give up
    6 Zpráva ještě nebyla odeslána.
    message, send
    5 Schůzka byla zrušena. (předpřítomný čas)
    meeting, cancel
    3 Vychovala ji babička.
    bring up
    7 Bylo mi řečeno, abych počkal.
    tell
    1 Bude to zaplaceno za týden.
    pay

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy. Kde lze, použijte gerundium.

    7 How did he become rich? by, work hard
    6 What did he thank you for? help him
    3 What do they complain about? have no money
    5 What is he interested in? buy that house
    9 When do you take a shower? before go to bed
    2 What is he afraid of? lose his job
    1 What is she good at? sing
    8 When will she come? after finish her work
    4 What are they looking forward to? go on holiday

    Thank you for having me. je obrat, který lze volně přeložit jako “Díky za pozvání.” Můžete jej slyšet od hosta po návštěvě, v televizní debatě ap.

    Exercise 12

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky. Všímejte si způsobů překládání slovesa mít.

    • 1 Co mám dělat?
    • 2 Má přijet za hodinu.
    • 3 Měl by jí pomoct.
    • 4 Mám mu to říct?
    • 5 Měl by víc peněz.
    • 6 Neměl jsem na to čas.
    • 7 Neměl odpovídat.
    • 8 Nemělo by to být moc drahé.
    • e I didn't have time for that.
    • b Shall I tell him?
    • f He should help her.
    • g It shouldn't be too expensive.
    • h He is to arrive in an hour.
    • c He wasn't supposed to reply.
    • d What am I supposed to do?
    • a He'd have more money.

    Infinitivní obrat: To be continued ... znamená: Pokračování příště.

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    4 I'll do it as soon as ready/possible/already.
    6 I've been there many time/more/times.
    11 He was here an hour since/ago/before.
    3 We haven't met since/from/until then.
    9 It's hard for me sometime/sometimes/some day.
    1 He hasn't come still/yet/already.
    2 I've known her from/since/for a long time.
    8 She isn't here at/in/on the moment. She's left already/still/just.
    10 Have they arrived still/yet/now?
    7 It'll be better next time/times/one.
    5 I haven't seen her last/recently/at present.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte časové věty. Využijte nápovědu.

    1 Zavolej mi, než odejdeš. before
    7 Řeknu mu to hned, jak zavolá. as soon as
    5 Postarám se o děti, když bude Jane pryč. while
    2 Dám ti vědět, až Mark přijde. when
    6 Měl bys být zdvořilý, když o něco žádáš. when
    3 Počkáme, dokud se nevrátíš. until, come back
    8 Dokud bude pršet, zůstaneme doma. as long as
    4 Zavolám ti, až to dokončím. after

    Obrat as we speak se užívá v přímé řeči jako: právě teď o právě probíhající činnosti. Např. They are working on it as we speak. - Právě teď na tom pracují. Spojka as se užívá i ve významu když, jak(mile). Např.: As we get older ... - Jak stárneme..., They started as I got there. - Začali hned, jak jsem tam dorazil.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte vhodné vztažné spojky.

    12 The school I study is very old.
    5 That's the woman asked me about you.
    4 He's the man wife has died.
    2 They live in Ipswich is in East England.
    3 What's the colour of the car he bought?
    11 What's the name of the author wrote that book?
    10 Did you read the e-mail I sent you yesterday?
    1 My brother, lives in our house, is still single.
    9 The children go to that school are not local.
    6 They had to buy a new one, cost them 10 000 pounds.
    7 They were introduced by a friend knows them both.
    8 They've informed the man car was stolen.
    13 There are students are afraid of their schoolmates.

    Slovo schoolmate je spolužák ze stejné školy (ne nutně třídy). Spolužák z téže třídy je classmate (class + mate). Koncovka -mate se užívá za podstatným jménem k vyjádření osoby, která něco sdílí s jinou osobou. Např. roommate - spolubydlící (z téhož pokoje - room), flatmate - spolubydlící (z téhož bytu - flat) ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Utvořte možné doplňovací otázky (WH questions) k následujícím odpovědím.

    4 Nobody asked me about it.
    3 I'll be back in an hour.
    5 I saw Jane.
    2 Paul helped me do it.
    1 I want nothing from you.
    8 I'm meeting Bob and Frank.
    12 It was caused by bad weather.
    6 Nobody saw me.
    11 John's car was stolen.
    7 I told Jack about it.
    10 We need 200 more.
    9 We'll meet at the station.

    Exercise 17

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    13 Měl by dostat padáka.
    7 Dostal trojku z angličtiny.
    2 Chodil jsem do jazykového kurzu.
    1 Kam jsi chodil do školy?
    15 Jak to mám vědět?
    14 Mají přijít za hodinu.
    3 Udělal tu zkoušku?
    16 Dávej pozor! (co děláš)
    12 Bude povýšena.
    6 Brzy bude maturovat.
    5 Nedostal se na vysokou.
    10 Přijďte k nám někdy. (na návštěvu)
    9 Kdy jsi ho naposledy viděl?
    8 Teď tady zrovna není. (on)
    11 Budu nucen najít si jinou práci.
    4 Hlásila se na vysokou.

    Mathematics se hovorově řekne maths mæθs a v americké angličtině math mæθ.