Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    7 She attends a language course.
    10 I was educated at Trinity College.
    8 It takes a lot of studying.
    11 What will he do after graduating?
    12 He might know.
    4 She got a C in math.
    6 Did you pass the exam?
    2 She didn't get into college.
    5 I hope I will be admitted.
    9 He got a university degree.
    3 He failed the exam.
    1 Where did you go to school?
    13 You may know her.

    Course book je učebnice do jazykového kurzu (course kɔːs - kurz).

    Exercise 2

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    • Označte podle úvodního článku, co je pravda (true) a nepravda (false).

    7 Mark doesn't want to take out a student loan.
    8 Mark's elder brother wants to become a doctor.
    2 He's a junior in high school.
    1 Mark has already graduated from high school.
    4 Mark himself has experienced bullying at school.
    6 Mark's parents are rich enough to pay for his college studies.
    3 Mark has two siblings, a younger one and an older one.
    5 Mark would like to apply to college.

    Experience ve významu zkušenosti, praxe nemá množné číslo. Např.: No experience required. - Nevyžadujeme praxi. Ve významu zážitek se ale v množném čísle vyskytuje. Např.: He shared his experiences. - Podělil se o své zážitky.

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 Vzal si studentský úvěr.
    • 2 V kolikátém je ročníku?
    • 3 Udělal tu zkoušku?
    • 4 Dobře se učí.
    • 5 Nebude půjčku moci splatit.
    • 6 Odešel ze školy.
    • 7 Studuje práva.
    • a Did he pass the exam?
    • b He won't be able to repay the loan.
    • d He took out a student loan.
    • e He's studying to be a lawyer.
    • f He's doing well at school.
    • c He dropped out of school.
    • g What grade is he in?

    V USA se studenti dle ročníků běžně nazývají: freshman ˈfrεʃmən (prvák), sophomore ˈsɒfəˌmɔː (druhák), junior ˈdʒuːnjə (třeťák) a senior ˈsiːnjə (čtvrťák).

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    4 He had to take in/for/out a student loan.
    2 When do you take/pass/get the exam?
    7 He has many friends among/between/inside his schoolmates.
    8 If I don't get into college I'll be made/done/forced to work.
    3 I asked/applied/called to university.
    1 He wasn't let/allowed/admitted to college.
    6 They can't help/pass/afford to pay for his studies.
    5 When is he going to graduate out of/from/off university?

    Exercise 5

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    • Převeďte věty do trpného rodu v čase uvedeném v nápovědě.

    4 Their car is stolen. present perfect
    6 It isn't used. present perfect
    3 She is fired. past, future
    7 Cars are made here. present continuous
    5 No houses are built. future
    8 He will be fired if he does that. second conditional
    1 He was forced to take out a loan. present
    2 The car was sold. future

    Exercise 6

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 She's still a baby.
    • 2 How old is the house?
    • 3 She's been fired.
    • 4 Did he get into college?
    • 5 Is he still alive?
    • 6 Where's your car?
    • 7 Do you like my jacket?
    • 8 He did a very bad thing.
    • a No, he wasn't admitted.
    • b She must be looked after.
    • g He should be punished.
    • h It's being repaired.
    • c No, he's dead. He was killed.
    • d It was built in 1965.
    • f It was made in Paris.
    • e She's jobless now.

    Zapamatujte si užitečný obrat s trpným rodem: I've been told that ... - Bylo mi řečeno, že... nebo I've been told to ... - Bylo mi řečeno, abych...

    Exercise 7

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    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte ve větách v trpném rodě.

    9
    7
    3
    1
    10
    4
    5
    2
    6
    8

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte druhé věty pomocí trpného rodu tak, aby měly stejný význam.

    5 They will send two people there. - Two people there.
    7 All the workers would do it. - It by all the workers.
    9 You can find all information at: - All information at:
    3 They should promote him for that. - He for that.
    2 Nobody has used it yet. - It hasn't yet.
    8 Many people have read it. - It by many people.
    1 We will inform you in time. - You in time.
    4 They make great wine in Italy. - Great wine in Italy.
    6 You must eat it fresh. - It must fresh.

    Exercise 9

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    3 It's a long way. We must let/set/take out early tomorrow.
    5 Nobody's watching TV. I'll turn it in/off/away.
    8 I can't go on. I have given on/down/up.
    7 She's very old and must be looked/taken/given after.
    6 It's not known who brought/carried/worked out the attack.
    2 He's very strong. He keeps/works/puts out every day.
    1 I don't know, but I will find on/in/out.
    4 We must hurry. We are running/going/carrying out of time.

    Exercise 10

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    • Přeložte pomocí trpného rodu. Využijte nápovědu.

    6 Zpráva ještě nebyla odeslána.
    message, send
    4 Je možné to vidět v Londýně.
    see
    8 Byli bychom nuceni to vzdát.
    force, give up
    7 Bylo mi řečeno, abych počkal.
    tell
    1 Bude to zaplaceno za týden.
    pay
    3 Vychovala ji babička.
    bring up
    2 Měl by dostat víc času.
    give
    5 Schůzka byla zrušena. (předpřítomný čas)
    meeting, cancel

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovězte celou větou podle nápovědy. Kde lze, použijte gerundium.

    7 How did he become rich? by, work hard
    4 What are they looking forward to? go on holiday
    1 What is she good at? sing
    3 What do they complain about? have no money
    5 What is he interested in? buy that house
    9 When do you take a shower? before go to bed
    8 When will she come? after finish her work
    6 What did he thank you for? help him
    2 What is he afraid of? lose his job

    Thank you for having me. je obrat, který lze volně přeložit jako “Díky za pozvání.” Můžete jej slyšet od hosta po návštěvě, v televizní debatě ap.

    Exercise 12

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky. Všímejte si způsobů překládání slovesa mít.

    • 1 Co mám dělat?
    • 2 Má přijet za hodinu.
    • 3 Měl by jí pomoct.
    • 4 Mám mu to říct?
    • 5 Měl by víc peněz.
    • 6 Neměl jsem na to čas.
    • 7 Neměl odpovídat.
    • 8 Nemělo by to být moc drahé.
    • g It shouldn't be too expensive.
    • e I didn't have time for that.
    • a He'd have more money.
    • b Shall I tell him?
    • f He should help her.
    • d What am I supposed to do?
    • c He wasn't supposed to reply.
    • h He is to arrive in an hour.

    Infinitivní obrat: To be continued ... znamená: Pokračování příště.

    Exercise 13

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    • Vyberte podle kontextu vhodné slovo.

    11 He was here an hour since/ago/before.
    7 It'll be better next time/times/one.
    8 She isn't here at/in/on the moment. She's left already/still/just.
    3 We haven't met since/from/until then.
    2 I've known her from/since/for a long time.
    9 It's hard for me sometime/sometimes/some day.
    4 I'll do it as soon as ready/possible/already.
    1 He hasn't come still/yet/already.
    10 Have they arrived still/yet/now?
    6 I've been there many time/more/times.
    5 I haven't seen her last/recently/at present.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přeložte časové věty. Využijte nápovědu.

    7 Řeknu mu to hned, jak zavolá. as soon as
    6 Měl bys být zdvořilý, když o něco žádáš. when
    2 Dám ti vědět, až Mark přijde. when
    1 Zavolej mi, než odejdeš. before
    4 Zavolám ti, až to dokončím. after
    3 Počkáme, dokud se nevrátíš. until, come back
    5 Postarám se o děti, když bude Jane pryč. while
    8 Dokud bude pršet, zůstaneme doma. as long as

    Obrat as we speak se užívá v přímé řeči jako: právě teď o právě probíhající činnosti. Např. They are working on it as we speak. - Právě teď na tom pracují. Spojka as se užívá i ve významu když, jak(mile). Např.: As we get older ... - Jak stárneme..., They started as I got there. - Začali hned, jak jsem tam dorazil.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte vhodné vztažné spojky.

    8 They've informed the man car was stolen.
    5 That's the woman asked me about you.
    1 My brother, lives in our house, is still single.
    3 What's the colour of the car he bought?
    6 They had to buy a new one, cost them 10 000 pounds.
    9 The children go to that school are not local.
    13 There are students are afraid of their schoolmates.
    11 What's the name of the author wrote that book?
    10 Did you read the e-mail I sent you yesterday?
    12 The school I study is very old.
    4 He's the man wife has died.
    2 They live in Ipswich is in East England.
    7 They were introduced by a friend knows them both.

    Slovo schoolmate je spolužák ze stejné školy (ne nutně třídy). Spolužák z téže třídy je classmate (class + mate). Koncovka -mate se užívá za podstatným jménem k vyjádření osoby, která něco sdílí s jinou osobou. Např. roommate - spolubydlící (z téhož pokoje - room), flatmate - spolubydlící (z téhož bytu - flat) ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Utvořte možné doplňovací otázky (WH questions) k následujícím odpovědím.

    9 We'll meet at the station.
    6 Nobody saw me.
    1 I want nothing from you.
    5 I saw Jane.
    3 I'll be back in an hour.
    12 It was caused by bad weather.
    8 I'm meeting Bob and Frank.
    2 Paul helped me do it.
    4 Nobody asked me about it.
    10 We need 200 more.
    11 John's car was stolen.
    7 I told Jack about it.

    Exercise 17

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    1 Kam jsi chodil do školy?
    7 Dostal trojku z angličtiny.
    6 Brzy bude maturovat.
    13 Měl by dostat padáka.
    8 Teď tady zrovna není. (on)
    16 Dávej pozor! (co děláš)
    11 Budu nucen najít si jinou práci.
    14 Mají přijít za hodinu.
    12 Bude povýšena.
    9 Kdy jsi ho naposledy viděl?
    15 Jak to mám vědět?
    4 Hlásila se na vysokou.
    3 Udělal tu zkoušku?
    10 Přijďte k nám někdy. (na návštěvu)
    5 Nedostal se na vysokou.
    2 Chodil jsem do jazykového kurzu.

    Mathematics se hovorově řekne maths mæθs a v americké angličtině math mæθ.