Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    1 Do you rent or own your home?
    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.
    2 How long have you lived here?
    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.
    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.
    14 Can you describe it in more detail?
    3 We used to live outside the city.
    9 They fell in love at first sight.
    4 They live in downtown Chicago.
    10 Our landlord increased the rent.
    12 We moved in recently.
    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.
    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.
    6 We had to take out a mortgage.
    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?
    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?
    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?
    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?
    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?
    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?
    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?
    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?
    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?
    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • g Can you describe it to me?
    • a We have a flat of our own.
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.
    • f We moved in only recently.
    • b I work from home.
    • e No, but we want to start a family.
    • c I can't repair anything.
    • h No, but we have a large basement.

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.
    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.
    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.
    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.
    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.
    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.
    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.
    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.
    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?
    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.
    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.
    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.
    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.
    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.
    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.
    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.
    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.
    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.
    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .
    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.
    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.
    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.
    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .
    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    5 They had been there before. - been there before.
    1 How is your family? - your family?
    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.
    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .
    6 You had better go now. - better go now.
    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.
    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.
    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.
    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.
    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.
    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.
    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.
    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.
    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.
    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.
    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.
    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.
    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?
    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • b I have to park my car outside.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.
    • d It needs to be done.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.
    • c They pay for living in that room.
    • h They've moved to another city.
    • g She's on the ground floor.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    8 What were you wearing?
    1 I'll wait there.
    6 I'm feeling tired.
    7 We were eating out.
    2 We were watching him.
    9 Who's looking after them?
    4 I won't stay.
    3 Who will do that?
    5 I was working on it.
    10 I've been watching you.

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    1 He been watching TV since morning.
    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.
    3 He's in the now taking a shower.
    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.
    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.
    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.
    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.
    5 I'm really glad to seen you.
    4 There's a high white around our back yard.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.
    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.
    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.
    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.
    5 He's been read it for hours.
    1 You should've call me yesterday.
    7 I'm glad to have see it.
    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room
    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect
    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace
    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase
    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge
    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool
    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home
    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour
    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new
    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings
    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat
    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence
    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    7 I've bought new trousers.
    3 I'm hungry, mum!
    8 We'll take the underground.
    5 We'll watch a film.
    11 What's on at the cinema?
    4 I'll have chips.
    6 We live on the second floor.
    1 The bill please!
    10 I left it in the boot of my car.
    9 I live in a block of flats.
    12 He was hit by a lorry.
    2 I've run out of petrol.

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    3 She looked happy. - She looked .
    2 They have a home. - They're .
    7 He's powerful. - He's .
    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .
    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .
    8 She's female. - He's .
    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .
    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .
    1 She has children. - She's .
    4 They were careful. - They were .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.
    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.
    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.
    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.
    13 Víte to jistě?
    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.
    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.
    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.
    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.
    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.
    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)
    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.
    17 Musel o tom vědět.
    12 Srazilo ho auto.
    8 To rád slyším.
    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.
    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.
    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).