Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    6 We had to take out a mortgage.
    14 Can you describe it in more detail?
    10 Our landlord increased the rent.
    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.
    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.
    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.
    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.
    4 They live in downtown Chicago.
    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.
    1 Do you rent or own your home?
    3 We used to live outside the city.
    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.
    9 They fell in love at first sight.
    2 How long have you lived here?
    12 We moved in recently.

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?
    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?
    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?
    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?
    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?
    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?
    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?
    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?
    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?
    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • b I work from home.
    • c I can't repair anything.
    • f We moved in only recently.
    • h No, but we have a large basement.
    • e No, but we want to start a family.
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.
    • a We have a flat of our own.
    • g Can you describe it to me?

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.
    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.
    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.
    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.
    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?
    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.
    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.
    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.
    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.
    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.
    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.
    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.
    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.
    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.
    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.
    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.
    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.
    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .
    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.
    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .
    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.
    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.
    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.
    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    6 You had better go now. - better go now.
    5 They had been there before. - been there before.
    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.
    1 How is your family? - your family?
    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.
    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .
    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?
    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.
    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.
    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?
    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.
    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.
    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.
    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.
    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.
    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.
    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?
    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.
    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • g She's on the ground floor.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.
    • h They've moved to another city.
    • b I have to park my car outside.
    • d It needs to be done.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.
    • c They pay for living in that room.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    8 What were you wearing?
    6 I'm feeling tired.
    1 I'll wait there.
    4 I won't stay.
    9 Who's looking after them?
    10 I've been watching you.
    3 Who will do that?
    5 I was working on it.
    7 We were eating out.
    2 We were watching him.

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    3 He's in the now taking a shower.
    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.
    4 There's a high white around our back yard.
    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.
    1 He been watching TV since morning.
    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.
    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.
    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.
    5 I'm really glad to seen you.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.
    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.
    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.
    1 You should've call me yesterday.
    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.
    5 He's been read it for hours.
    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.
    7 I'm glad to have see it.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat
    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool
    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge
    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour
    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace
    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home
    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence
    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new
    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings
    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable
    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect
    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room
    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    1 The bill please!
    7 I've bought new trousers.
    2 I've run out of petrol.
    12 He was hit by a lorry.
    11 What's on at the cinema?
    6 We live on the second floor.
    4 I'll have chips.
    5 We'll watch a film.
    9 I live in a block of flats.
    3 I'm hungry, mum!
    8 We'll take the underground.
    10 I left it in the boot of my car.

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .
    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .
    4 They were careful. - They were .
    3 She looked happy. - She looked .
    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .
    1 She has children. - She's .
    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .
    8 She's female. - He's .
    2 They have a home. - They're .
    7 He's powerful. - He's .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.
    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)
    8 To rád slyším.
    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.
    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.
    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.
    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.
    17 Musel o tom vědět.
    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.
    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.
    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.
    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.
    13 Víte to jistě?
    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.
    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.
    12 Srazilo ho auto.
    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.
    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).