Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    12 We moved in recently.
    6 We had to take out a mortgage.
    4 They live in downtown Chicago.
    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.
    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.
    3 We used to live outside the city.
    1 Do you rent or own your home?
    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.
    2 How long have you lived here?
    10 Our landlord increased the rent.
    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.
    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.
    9 They fell in love at first sight.
    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.
    14 Can you describe it in more detail?

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?
    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?
    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?
    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?
    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?
    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?
    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?
    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?
    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?
    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • a We have a flat of our own.
    • f We moved in only recently.
    • e No, but we want to start a family.
    • g Can you describe it to me?
    • b I work from home.
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.
    • c I can't repair anything.
    • h No, but we have a large basement.

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.
    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.
    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.
    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?
    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.
    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.
    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.
    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.
    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.
    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.
    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.
    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.
    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.
    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.
    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.
    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.
    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.
    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.
    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.
    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.
    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.
    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .
    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.
    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    1 How is your family? - your family?
    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .
    6 You had better go now. - better go now.
    5 They had been there before. - been there before.
    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?
    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.
    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.
    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.
    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.
    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.
    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.
    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.
    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.
    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.
    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.
    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.
    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?
    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.
    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • d It needs to be done.
    • b I have to park my car outside.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.
    • g She's on the ground floor.
    • h They've moved to another city.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.
    • c They pay for living in that room.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    3 Who will do that?
    1 I'll wait there.
    7 We were eating out.
    6 I'm feeling tired.
    8 What were you wearing?
    2 We were watching him.
    4 I won't stay.
    5 I was working on it.
    9 Who's looking after them?
    10 I've been watching you.

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.
    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.
    5 I'm really glad to seen you.
    4 There's a high white around our back yard.
    1 He been watching TV since morning.
    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.
    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.
    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.
    3 He's in the now taking a shower.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    5 He's been read it for hours.
    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.
    7 I'm glad to have see it.
    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.
    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.
    1 You should've call me yesterday.
    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.
    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new
    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings
    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect
    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable
    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour
    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace
    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home
    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge
    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence
    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool
    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room
    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase
    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    10 I left it in the boot of my car.
    3 I'm hungry, mum!
    5 We'll watch a film.
    9 I live in a block of flats.
    2 I've run out of petrol.
    7 I've bought new trousers.
    1 The bill please!
    8 We'll take the underground.
    11 What's on at the cinema?
    6 We live on the second floor.
    4 I'll have chips.
    12 He was hit by a lorry.

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    7 He's powerful. - He's .
    8 She's female. - He's .
    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .
    3 She looked happy. - She looked .
    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .
    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .
    4 They were careful. - They were .
    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .
    2 They have a home. - They're .
    1 She has children. - She's .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.
    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.
    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.
    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)
    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.
    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.
    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.
    12 Srazilo ho auto.
    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.
    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.
    8 To rád slyším.
    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.
    17 Musel o tom vědět.
    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.
    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.
    13 Víte to jistě?
    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.
    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).