Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    3 We used to live outside the city.
    6 We had to take out a mortgage.
    10 Our landlord increased the rent.
    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.
    4 They live in downtown Chicago.
    2 How long have you lived here?
    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.
    12 We moved in recently.
    1 Do you rent or own your home?
    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.
    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.
    9 They fell in love at first sight.
    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.
    14 Can you describe it in more detail?
    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?
    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?
    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?
    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?
    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?
    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?
    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?
    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?
    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?
    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • a We have a flat of our own.
    • g Can you describe it to me?
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.
    • e No, but we want to start a family.
    • b I work from home.
    • c I can't repair anything.
    • h No, but we have a large basement.
    • f We moved in only recently.

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.
    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.
    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.
    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.
    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.
    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.
    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.
    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?
    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.
    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.
    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.
    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.
    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.
    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.
    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.
    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.
    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .
    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.
    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.
    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.
    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .
    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.
    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.
    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.
    5 They had been there before. - been there before.
    6 You had better go now. - better go now.
    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?
    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.
    1 How is your family? - your family?
    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.
    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.
    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?
    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.
    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.
    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.
    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.
    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.
    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.
    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.
    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.
    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?
    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • c They pay for living in that room.
    • b I have to park my car outside.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.
    • h They've moved to another city.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.
    • g She's on the ground floor.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.
    • d It needs to be done.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    7 We were eating out.
    1 I'll wait there.
    5 I was working on it.
    2 We were watching him.
    3 Who will do that?
    10 I've been watching you.
    8 What were you wearing?
    9 Who's looking after them?
    6 I'm feeling tired.
    4 I won't stay.

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.
    3 He's in the now taking a shower.
    1 He been watching TV since morning.
    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.
    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.
    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.
    5 I'm really glad to seen you.
    4 There's a high white around our back yard.
    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    5 He's been read it for hours.
    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.
    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.
    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.
    7 I'm glad to have see it.
    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.
    1 You should've call me yesterday.
    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool
    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge
    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room
    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home
    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable
    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase
    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings
    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect
    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new
    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence
    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat
    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour
    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    12 He was hit by a lorry.
    6 We live on the second floor.
    5 We'll watch a film.
    7 I've bought new trousers.
    1 The bill please!
    4 I'll have chips.
    11 What's on at the cinema?
    8 We'll take the underground.
    9 I live in a block of flats.
    3 I'm hungry, mum!
    2 I've run out of petrol.
    10 I left it in the boot of my car.

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    4 They were careful. - They were .
    2 They have a home. - They're .
    8 She's female. - He's .
    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .
    1 She has children. - She's .
    3 She looked happy. - She looked .
    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .
    7 He's powerful. - He's .
    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .
    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.
    13 Víte to jistě?
    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.
    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.
    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.
    17 Musel o tom vědět.
    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.
    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.
    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.
    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.
    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.
    12 Srazilo ho auto.
    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.
    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)
    8 To rád slyším.
    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.
    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.
    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).