Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.
    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.
    14 Can you describe it in more detail?
    3 We used to live outside the city.
    2 How long have you lived here?
    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.
    4 They live in downtown Chicago.
    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.
    6 We had to take out a mortgage.
    12 We moved in recently.
    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.
    10 Our landlord increased the rent.
    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.
    1 Do you rent or own your home?
    9 They fell in love at first sight.

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?
    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?
    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?
    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?
    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?
    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?
    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?
    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?
    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?
    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.
    • h No, but we have a large basement.
    • c I can't repair anything.
    • f We moved in only recently.
    • e No, but we want to start a family.
    • a We have a flat of our own.
    • g Can you describe it to me?
    • b I work from home.

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.
    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.
    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.
    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?
    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.
    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.
    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.
    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.
    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.
    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.
    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.
    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.
    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.
    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.
    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.
    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.
    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.
    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .
    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.
    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.
    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.
    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.
    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .
    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.
    1 How is your family? - your family?
    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.
    5 They had been there before. - been there before.
    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.
    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?
    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.
    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .
    6 You had better go now. - better go now.

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.
    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?
    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.
    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.
    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.
    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?
    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.
    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.
    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.
    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.
    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.
    • b I have to park my car outside.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.
    • g She's on the ground floor.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.
    • h They've moved to another city.
    • d It needs to be done.
    • c They pay for living in that room.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    10 I've been watching you.
    5 I was working on it.
    7 We were eating out.
    2 We were watching him.
    8 What were you wearing?
    1 I'll wait there.
    9 Who's looking after them?
    4 I won't stay.
    6 I'm feeling tired.
    3 Who will do that?

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    1 He been watching TV since morning.
    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.
    3 He's in the now taking a shower.
    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.
    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.
    5 I'm really glad to seen you.
    4 There's a high white around our back yard.
    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.
    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    5 He's been read it for hours.
    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.
    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.
    1 You should've call me yesterday.
    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.
    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.
    7 I'm glad to have see it.
    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat
    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings
    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect
    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence
    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable
    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home
    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool
    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour
    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new
    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room
    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace
    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge
    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    3 I'm hungry, mum!
    1 The bill please!
    6 We live on the second floor.
    11 What's on at the cinema?
    10 I left it in the boot of my car.
    4 I'll have chips.
    5 We'll watch a film.
    8 We'll take the underground.
    2 I've run out of petrol.
    12 He was hit by a lorry.
    9 I live in a block of flats.
    7 I've bought new trousers.

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    1 She has children. - She's .
    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .
    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .
    4 They were careful. - They were .
    7 He's powerful. - He's .
    8 She's female. - He's .
    3 She looked happy. - She looked .
    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .
    2 They have a home. - They're .
    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.
    12 Srazilo ho auto.
    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.
    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.
    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.
    13 Víte to jistě?
    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.
    17 Musel o tom vědět.
    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.
    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)
    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.
    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.
    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.
    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.
    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.
    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.
    8 To rád slyším.
    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).