Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    14 Can you describe it in more detail?
    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.
    1 Do you rent or own your home?
    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.
    4 They live in downtown Chicago.
    12 We moved in recently.
    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.
    6 We had to take out a mortgage.
    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.
    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.
    3 We used to live outside the city.
    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.
    10 Our landlord increased the rent.
    9 They fell in love at first sight.
    2 How long have you lived here?

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?
    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?
    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?
    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?
    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?
    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?
    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?
    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?
    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?
    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • g Can you describe it to me?
    • h No, but we have a large basement.
    • b I work from home.
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.
    • e No, but we want to start a family.
    • a We have a flat of our own.
    • c I can't repair anything.
    • f We moved in only recently.

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.
    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.
    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.
    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.
    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.
    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.
    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.
    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.
    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.
    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.
    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.
    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.
    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.
    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.
    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.
    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.
    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.
    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.
    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .
    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .
    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.
    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.
    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.
    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.
    6 You had better go now. - better go now.
    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.
    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .
    5 They had been there before. - been there before.
    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.
    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?
    1 How is your family? - your family?
    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.
    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.
    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.
    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.
    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?
    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.
    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.
    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.
    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.
    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?
    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.
    • h They've moved to another city.
    • b I have to park my car outside.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.
    • d It needs to be done.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.
    • g She's on the ground floor.
    • c They pay for living in that room.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    6 I'm feeling tired.
    10 I've been watching you.
    3 Who will do that?
    5 I was working on it.
    4 I won't stay.
    7 We were eating out.
    1 I'll wait there.
    8 What were you wearing?
    2 We were watching him.
    9 Who's looking after them?

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    1 He been watching TV since morning.
    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.
    4 There's a high white around our back yard.
    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.
    3 He's in the now taking a shower.
    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.
    5 I'm really glad to seen you.
    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.
    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.
    5 He's been read it for hours.
    1 You should've call me yesterday.
    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.
    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.
    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.
    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.
    7 I'm glad to have see it.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect
    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge
    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new
    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room
    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat
    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace
    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour
    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence
    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool
    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings
    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable
    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase
    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    12 He was hit by a lorry.
    11 What's on at the cinema?
    5 We'll watch a film.
    9 I live in a block of flats.
    1 The bill please!
    3 I'm hungry, mum!
    8 We'll take the underground.
    10 I left it in the boot of my car.
    2 I've run out of petrol.
    4 I'll have chips.
    7 I've bought new trousers.
    6 We live on the second floor.

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .
    8 She's female. - He's .
    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .
    1 She has children. - She's .
    3 She looked happy. - She looked .
    4 They were careful. - They were .
    7 He's powerful. - He's .
    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .
    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .
    2 They have a home. - They're .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    8 To rád slyším.
    17 Musel o tom vědět.
    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.
    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)
    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.
    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.
    13 Víte to jistě?
    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.
    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.
    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.
    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.
    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.
    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.
    12 Srazilo ho auto.
    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.
    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.
    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.
    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).