Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.
    1 Do you rent or own your home?
    6 We had to take out a mortgage.
    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.
    14 Can you describe it in more detail?
    3 We used to live outside the city.
    10 Our landlord increased the rent.
    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.
    9 They fell in love at first sight.
    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.
    4 They live in downtown Chicago.
    2 How long have you lived here?
    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.
    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.
    12 We moved in recently.

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?
    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?
    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?
    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?
    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?
    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?
    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?
    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?
    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?
    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • b I work from home.
    • f We moved in only recently.
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.
    • g Can you describe it to me?
    • c I can't repair anything.
    • a We have a flat of our own.
    • e No, but we want to start a family.
    • h No, but we have a large basement.

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.
    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.
    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?
    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.
    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.
    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.
    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.
    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.
    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.
    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.
    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.
    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.
    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.
    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.
    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.
    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.
    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.
    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.
    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.
    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.
    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.
    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.
    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .
    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .
    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.
    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.
    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?
    6 You had better go now. - better go now.
    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.
    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.
    5 They had been there before. - been there before.
    1 How is your family? - your family?

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.
    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.
    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.
    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.
    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.
    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?
    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.
    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?
    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.
    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.
    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • c They pay for living in that room.
    • g She's on the ground floor.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.
    • h They've moved to another city.
    • b I have to park my car outside.
    • d It needs to be done.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    1 I'll wait there.
    4 I won't stay.
    6 I'm feeling tired.
    10 I've been watching you.
    8 What were you wearing?
    9 Who's looking after them?
    2 We were watching him.
    3 Who will do that?
    5 I was working on it.
    7 We were eating out.

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    5 I'm really glad to seen you.
    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.
    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.
    1 He been watching TV since morning.
    4 There's a high white around our back yard.
    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.
    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.
    3 He's in the now taking a shower.
    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.
    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.
    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.
    5 He's been read it for hours.
    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.
    7 I'm glad to have see it.
    1 You should've call me yesterday.
    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect
    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase
    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room
    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence
    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable
    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge
    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour
    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new
    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat
    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace
    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home
    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings
    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    8 We'll take the underground.
    5 We'll watch a film.
    7 I've bought new trousers.
    2 I've run out of petrol.
    6 We live on the second floor.
    4 I'll have chips.
    12 He was hit by a lorry.
    3 I'm hungry, mum!
    10 I left it in the boot of my car.
    9 I live in a block of flats.
    1 The bill please!
    11 What's on at the cinema?

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    1 She has children. - She's .
    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .
    8 She's female. - He's .
    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .
    3 She looked happy. - She looked .
    4 They were careful. - They were .
    2 They have a home. - They're .
    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .
    7 He's powerful. - He's .
    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.
    8 To rád slyším.
    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.
    17 Musel o tom vědět.
    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.
    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)
    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.
    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.
    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.
    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.
    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.
    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.
    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.
    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.
    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.
    13 Víte to jistě?
    12 Srazilo ho auto.
    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).