Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.
    12 We moved in recently.
    2 How long have you lived here?
    4 They live in downtown Chicago.
    1 Do you rent or own your home?
    10 Our landlord increased the rent.
    3 We used to live outside the city.
    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.
    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.
    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.
    6 We had to take out a mortgage.
    14 Can you describe it in more detail?
    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.
    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.
    9 They fell in love at first sight.

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?
    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?
    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?
    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?
    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?
    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?
    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?
    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?
    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?
    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • b I work from home.
    • a We have a flat of our own.
    • f We moved in only recently.
    • e No, but we want to start a family.
    • h No, but we have a large basement.
    • g Can you describe it to me?
    • c I can't repair anything.
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.
    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?
    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.
    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.
    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.
    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.
    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.
    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.
    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.
    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.
    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.
    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.
    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.
    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.
    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.
    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.
    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.
    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .
    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.
    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.
    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.
    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.
    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.
    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    5 They had been there before. - been there before.
    6 You had better go now. - better go now.
    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.
    1 How is your family? - your family?
    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.
    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.
    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.
    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .
    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.
    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.
    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.
    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?
    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.
    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?
    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.
    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.
    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.
    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.
    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.
    • c They pay for living in that room.
    • b I have to park my car outside.
    • g She's on the ground floor.
    • h They've moved to another city.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.
    • d It needs to be done.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    2 We were watching him.
    1 I'll wait there.
    3 Who will do that?
    6 I'm feeling tired.
    4 I won't stay.
    7 We were eating out.
    10 I've been watching you.
    9 Who's looking after them?
    8 What were you wearing?
    5 I was working on it.

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    1 He been watching TV since morning.
    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.
    4 There's a high white around our back yard.
    5 I'm really glad to seen you.
    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.
    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.
    3 He's in the now taking a shower.
    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.
    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    7 I'm glad to have see it.
    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.
    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.
    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.
    5 He's been read it for hours.
    1 You should've call me yesterday.
    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.
    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings
    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room
    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable
    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new
    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence
    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge
    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace
    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat
    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home
    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase
    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool
    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour
    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    4 I'll have chips.
    10 I left it in the boot of my car.
    6 We live on the second floor.
    3 I'm hungry, mum!
    7 I've bought new trousers.
    11 What's on at the cinema?
    1 The bill please!
    2 I've run out of petrol.
    8 We'll take the underground.
    5 We'll watch a film.
    12 He was hit by a lorry.
    9 I live in a block of flats.

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    8 She's female. - He's .
    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .
    3 She looked happy. - She looked .
    1 She has children. - She's .
    4 They were careful. - They were .
    7 He's powerful. - He's .
    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .
    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .
    2 They have a home. - They're .
    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.
    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.
    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.
    12 Srazilo ho auto.
    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.
    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.
    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.
    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.
    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)
    17 Musel o tom vědět.
    8 To rád slyším.
    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.
    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.
    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.
    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.
    13 Víte to jistě?
    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.
    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).