Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.
    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.
    9 They fell in love at first sight.
    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.
    6 We had to take out a mortgage.
    2 How long have you lived here?
    3 We used to live outside the city.
    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.
    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.
    12 We moved in recently.
    10 Our landlord increased the rent.
    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.
    1 Do you rent or own your home?
    4 They live in downtown Chicago.
    14 Can you describe it in more detail?

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?
    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?
    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?
    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?
    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?
    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?
    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?
    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?
    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?
    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • g Can you describe it to me?
    • a We have a flat of our own.
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.
    • e No, but we want to start a family.
    • c I can't repair anything.
    • h No, but we have a large basement.
    • b I work from home.
    • f We moved in only recently.

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.
    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.
    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.
    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?
    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.
    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.
    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.
    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.
    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.
    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.
    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.
    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.
    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.
    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.
    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.
    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.
    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.
    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.
    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.
    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .
    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.
    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.
    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.
    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    5 They had been there before. - been there before.
    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.
    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.
    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.
    6 You had better go now. - better go now.
    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .
    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.
    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?
    1 How is your family? - your family?

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.
    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?
    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?
    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.
    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.
    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.
    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.
    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.
    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.
    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.
    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • b I have to park my car outside.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.
    • g She's on the ground floor.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.
    • h They've moved to another city.
    • c They pay for living in that room.
    • d It needs to be done.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    6 I'm feeling tired.
    5 I was working on it.
    10 I've been watching you.
    8 What were you wearing?
    3 Who will do that?
    1 I'll wait there.
    7 We were eating out.
    2 We were watching him.
    9 Who's looking after them?
    4 I won't stay.

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.
    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.
    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.
    3 He's in the now taking a shower.
    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.
    1 He been watching TV since morning.
    4 There's a high white around our back yard.
    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.
    5 I'm really glad to seen you.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.
    7 I'm glad to have see it.
    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.
    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.
    1 You should've call me yesterday.
    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.
    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.
    5 He's been read it for hours.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence
    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home
    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect
    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase
    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings
    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat
    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new
    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room
    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour
    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge
    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace
    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool
    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    2 I've run out of petrol.
    8 We'll take the underground.
    11 What's on at the cinema?
    1 The bill please!
    10 I left it in the boot of my car.
    4 I'll have chips.
    7 I've bought new trousers.
    12 He was hit by a lorry.
    5 We'll watch a film.
    6 We live on the second floor.
    3 I'm hungry, mum!
    9 I live in a block of flats.

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .
    3 She looked happy. - She looked .
    8 She's female. - He's .
    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .
    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .
    2 They have a home. - They're .
    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .
    1 She has children. - She's .
    4 They were careful. - They were .
    7 He's powerful. - He's .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.
    12 Srazilo ho auto.
    8 To rád slyším.
    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.
    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.
    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.
    13 Víte to jistě?
    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.
    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.
    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.
    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.
    17 Musel o tom vědět.
    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.
    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)
    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.
    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.
    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.
    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).