Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.
    1 Do you rent or own your home?
    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.
    12 We moved in recently.
    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.
    6 We had to take out a mortgage.
    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.
    10 Our landlord increased the rent.
    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.
    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.
    3 We used to live outside the city.
    14 Can you describe it in more detail?
    2 How long have you lived here?
    9 They fell in love at first sight.
    4 They live in downtown Chicago.

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?
    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?
    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?
    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?
    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?
    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?
    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?
    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?
    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?
    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • e No, but we want to start a family.
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.
    • b I work from home.
    • h No, but we have a large basement.
    • f We moved in only recently.
    • a We have a flat of our own.
    • c I can't repair anything.
    • g Can you describe it to me?

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?
    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.
    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.
    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.
    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.
    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.
    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.
    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.
    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.
    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.
    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.
    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.
    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.
    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.
    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.
    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.
    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .
    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.
    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .
    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.
    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.
    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.
    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.
    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .
    5 They had been there before. - been there before.
    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?
    1 How is your family? - your family?
    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.
    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.
    6 You had better go now. - better go now.
    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.
    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.
    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.
    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.
    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?
    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.
    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.
    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.
    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.
    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.
    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.
    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • h They've moved to another city.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.
    • d It needs to be done.
    • g She's on the ground floor.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.
    • c They pay for living in that room.
    • b I have to park my car outside.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    2 We were watching him.
    6 I'm feeling tired.
    5 I was working on it.
    4 I won't stay.
    3 Who will do that?
    1 I'll wait there.
    10 I've been watching you.
    8 What were you wearing?
    9 Who's looking after them?
    7 We were eating out.

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    1 He been watching TV since morning.
    4 There's a high white around our back yard.
    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.
    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.
    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.
    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.
    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.
    5 I'm really glad to seen you.
    3 He's in the now taking a shower.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.
    1 You should've call me yesterday.
    7 I'm glad to have see it.
    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.
    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.
    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.
    5 He's been read it for hours.
    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect
    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence
    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room
    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase
    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour
    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home
    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool
    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new
    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings
    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable
    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace
    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge
    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    8 We'll take the underground.
    2 I've run out of petrol.
    4 I'll have chips.
    7 I've bought new trousers.
    3 I'm hungry, mum!
    9 I live in a block of flats.
    1 The bill please!
    12 He was hit by a lorry.
    6 We live on the second floor.
    11 What's on at the cinema?
    10 I left it in the boot of my car.
    5 We'll watch a film.

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    2 They have a home. - They're .
    8 She's female. - He's .
    7 He's powerful. - He's .
    1 She has children. - She's .
    3 She looked happy. - She looked .
    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .
    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .
    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .
    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .
    4 They were careful. - They were .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.
    13 Víte to jistě?
    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.
    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)
    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.
    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.
    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.
    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.
    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.
    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.
    12 Srazilo ho auto.
    17 Musel o tom vědět.
    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.
    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.
    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.
    8 To rád slyším.
    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.
    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).