Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    2 How long have you lived here?
    10 Our landlord increased the rent.
    9 They fell in love at first sight.
    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.
    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.
    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.
    14 Can you describe it in more detail?
    12 We moved in recently.
    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.
    3 We used to live outside the city.
    4 They live in downtown Chicago.
    6 We had to take out a mortgage.
    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.
    1 Do you rent or own your home?
    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?
    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?
    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?
    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?
    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?
    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?
    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?
    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?
    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?
    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.
    • c I can't repair anything.
    • b I work from home.
    • e No, but we want to start a family.
    • h No, but we have a large basement.
    • g Can you describe it to me?
    • a We have a flat of our own.
    • f We moved in only recently.

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.
    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.
    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.
    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.
    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.
    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.
    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?
    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.
    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.
    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.
    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.
    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.
    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.
    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.
    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.
    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.
    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .
    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.
    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.
    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.
    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.
    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .
    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.
    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.
    5 They had been there before. - been there before.
    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.
    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.
    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .
    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.
    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?
    6 You had better go now. - better go now.
    1 How is your family? - your family?

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.
    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.
    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.
    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.
    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?
    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.
    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.
    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.
    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.
    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.
    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • c They pay for living in that room.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.
    • h They've moved to another city.
    • d It needs to be done.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.
    • b I have to park my car outside.
    • g She's on the ground floor.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    7 We were eating out.
    9 Who's looking after them?
    6 I'm feeling tired.
    3 Who will do that?
    5 I was working on it.
    8 What were you wearing?
    2 We were watching him.
    4 I won't stay.
    10 I've been watching you.
    1 I'll wait there.

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    3 He's in the now taking a shower.
    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.
    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.
    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.
    1 He been watching TV since morning.
    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.
    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.
    5 I'm really glad to seen you.
    4 There's a high white around our back yard.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.
    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.
    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.
    7 I'm glad to have see it.
    1 You should've call me yesterday.
    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.
    5 He's been read it for hours.
    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase
    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace
    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge
    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence
    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room
    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable
    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings
    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour
    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home
    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect
    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new
    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat
    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    7 I've bought new trousers.
    2 I've run out of petrol.
    10 I left it in the boot of my car.
    9 I live in a block of flats.
    8 We'll take the underground.
    11 What's on at the cinema?
    1 The bill please!
    4 I'll have chips.
    6 We live on the second floor.
    5 We'll watch a film.
    3 I'm hungry, mum!
    12 He was hit by a lorry.

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    3 She looked happy. - She looked .
    8 She's female. - He's .
    7 He's powerful. - He's .
    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .
    2 They have a home. - They're .
    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .
    1 She has children. - She's .
    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .
    4 They were careful. - They were .
    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)
    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.
    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.
    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.
    17 Musel o tom vědět.
    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.
    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.
    8 To rád slyším.
    12 Srazilo ho auto.
    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.
    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.
    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.
    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.
    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.
    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.
    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.
    13 Víte to jistě?
    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).