Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.
    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.
    3 We used to live outside the city.
    2 How long have you lived here?
    4 They live in downtown Chicago.
    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.
    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.
    12 We moved in recently.
    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.
    9 They fell in love at first sight.
    1 Do you rent or own your home?
    14 Can you describe it in more detail?
    10 Our landlord increased the rent.
    6 We had to take out a mortgage.
    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?
    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?
    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?
    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?
    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?
    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?
    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?
    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?
    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?
    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • c I can't repair anything.
    • h No, but we have a large basement.
    • a We have a flat of our own.
    • e No, but we want to start a family.
    • g Can you describe it to me?
    • b I work from home.
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.
    • f We moved in only recently.

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.
    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.
    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.
    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?
    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.
    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.
    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.
    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.
    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.
    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.
    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.
    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.
    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.
    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.
    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.
    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.
    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.
    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.
    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.
    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .
    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .
    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.
    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.
    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    5 They had been there before. - been there before.
    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .
    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.
    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.
    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.
    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?
    1 How is your family? - your family?
    6 You had better go now. - better go now.
    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.
    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.
    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.
    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?
    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.
    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.
    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.
    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.
    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.
    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?
    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.
    • b I have to park my car outside.
    • d It needs to be done.
    • h They've moved to another city.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.
    • g She's on the ground floor.
    • c They pay for living in that room.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    3 Who will do that?
    9 Who's looking after them?
    1 I'll wait there.
    8 What were you wearing?
    4 I won't stay.
    7 We were eating out.
    5 I was working on it.
    10 I've been watching you.
    2 We were watching him.
    6 I'm feeling tired.

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    5 I'm really glad to seen you.
    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.
    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.
    1 He been watching TV since morning.
    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.
    4 There's a high white around our back yard.
    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.
    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.
    3 He's in the now taking a shower.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    5 He's been read it for hours.
    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.
    1 You should've call me yesterday.
    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.
    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.
    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.
    7 I'm glad to have see it.
    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase
    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home
    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect
    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings
    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour
    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool
    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace
    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room
    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable
    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge
    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat
    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new
    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    9 I live in a block of flats.
    10 I left it in the boot of my car.
    1 The bill please!
    4 I'll have chips.
    2 I've run out of petrol.
    11 What's on at the cinema?
    6 We live on the second floor.
    5 We'll watch a film.
    7 I've bought new trousers.
    8 We'll take the underground.
    3 I'm hungry, mum!
    12 He was hit by a lorry.

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    3 She looked happy. - She looked .
    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .
    7 He's powerful. - He's .
    4 They were careful. - They were .
    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .
    8 She's female. - He's .
    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .
    1 She has children. - She's .
    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .
    2 They have a home. - They're .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.
    17 Musel o tom vědět.
    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.
    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.
    12 Srazilo ho auto.
    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.
    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.
    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.
    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)
    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.
    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.
    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.
    8 To rád slyším.
    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.
    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.
    13 Víte to jistě?
    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.
    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).