Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    3 We used to live outside the city.
    4 They live in downtown Chicago.
    1 Do you rent or own your home?
    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.
    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.
    14 Can you describe it in more detail?
    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.
    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.
    12 We moved in recently.
    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.
    2 How long have you lived here?
    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.
    10 Our landlord increased the rent.
    9 They fell in love at first sight.
    6 We had to take out a mortgage.

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?
    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?
    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?
    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?
    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?
    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?
    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?
    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?
    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?
    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • g Can you describe it to me?
    • e No, but we want to start a family.
    • c I can't repair anything.
    • f We moved in only recently.
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.
    • a We have a flat of our own.
    • b I work from home.
    • h No, but we have a large basement.

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.
    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.
    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.
    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.
    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.
    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.
    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?
    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.
    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.
    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.
    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.
    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.
    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.
    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.
    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.
    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.
    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.
    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.
    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.
    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.
    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.
    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.
    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .
    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.
    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.
    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.
    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .
    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?
    1 How is your family? - your family?
    6 You had better go now. - better go now.
    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.
    5 They had been there before. - been there before.

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?
    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.
    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.
    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.
    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.
    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.
    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.
    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.
    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.
    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?
    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.
    • c They pay for living in that room.
    • g She's on the ground floor.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.
    • b I have to park my car outside.
    • h They've moved to another city.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.
    • d It needs to be done.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    9 Who's looking after them?
    8 What were you wearing?
    2 We were watching him.
    3 Who will do that?
    6 I'm feeling tired.
    5 I was working on it.
    1 I'll wait there.
    4 I won't stay.
    10 I've been watching you.
    7 We were eating out.

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.
    1 He been watching TV since morning.
    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.
    5 I'm really glad to seen you.
    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.
    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.
    4 There's a high white around our back yard.
    3 He's in the now taking a shower.
    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.
    1 You should've call me yesterday.
    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.
    5 He's been read it for hours.
    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.
    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.
    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.
    7 I'm glad to have see it.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase
    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool
    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace
    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge
    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence
    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new
    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home
    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat
    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect
    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour
    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room
    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings
    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    4 I'll have chips.
    10 I left it in the boot of my car.
    2 I've run out of petrol.
    7 I've bought new trousers.
    5 We'll watch a film.
    8 We'll take the underground.
    3 I'm hungry, mum!
    1 The bill please!
    6 We live on the second floor.
    11 What's on at the cinema?
    9 I live in a block of flats.
    12 He was hit by a lorry.

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    2 They have a home. - They're .
    1 She has children. - She's .
    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .
    7 He's powerful. - He's .
    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .
    4 They were careful. - They were .
    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .
    8 She's female. - He's .
    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .
    3 She looked happy. - She looked .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    13 Víte to jistě?
    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.
    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.
    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.
    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.
    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.
    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.
    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.
    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.
    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.
    8 To rád slyším.
    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.
    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.
    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.
    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.
    12 Srazilo ho auto.
    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)
    17 Musel o tom vědět.

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).