Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    4 They live in downtown Chicago.
    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.
    6 We had to take out a mortgage.
    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.
    14 Can you describe it in more detail?
    2 How long have you lived here?
    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.
    3 We used to live outside the city.
    10 Our landlord increased the rent.
    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.
    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.
    9 They fell in love at first sight.
    12 We moved in recently.
    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.
    1 Do you rent or own your home?

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?
    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?
    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?
    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?
    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?
    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?
    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?
    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?
    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?
    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • c I can't repair anything.
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.
    • e No, but we want to start a family.
    • g Can you describe it to me?
    • b I work from home.
    • h No, but we have a large basement.
    • f We moved in only recently.
    • a We have a flat of our own.

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.
    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.
    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.
    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.
    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.
    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.
    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.
    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.
    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.
    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.
    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.
    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.
    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.
    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.
    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.
    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.
    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .
    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.
    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.
    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.
    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .
    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.
    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.
    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?
    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .
    5 They had been there before. - been there before.
    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.
    6 You had better go now. - better go now.
    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.
    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.
    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.
    1 How is your family? - your family?

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.
    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.
    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.
    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.
    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?
    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.
    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.
    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?
    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.
    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.
    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • g She's on the ground floor.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.
    • c They pay for living in that room.
    • h They've moved to another city.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.
    • b I have to park my car outside.
    • d It needs to be done.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    4 I won't stay.
    3 Who will do that?
    2 We were watching him.
    5 I was working on it.
    1 I'll wait there.
    8 What were you wearing?
    10 I've been watching you.
    9 Who's looking after them?
    7 We were eating out.
    6 I'm feeling tired.

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    5 I'm really glad to seen you.
    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.
    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.
    1 He been watching TV since morning.
    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.
    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.
    4 There's a high white around our back yard.
    3 He's in the now taking a shower.
    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    1 You should've call me yesterday.
    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.
    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.
    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.
    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.
    7 I'm glad to have see it.
    5 He's been read it for hours.
    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool
    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat
    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room
    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour
    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence
    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect
    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace
    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable
    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase
    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings
    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new
    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge
    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    3 I'm hungry, mum!
    9 I live in a block of flats.
    11 What's on at the cinema?
    1 The bill please!
    6 We live on the second floor.
    8 We'll take the underground.
    10 I left it in the boot of my car.
    4 I'll have chips.
    2 I've run out of petrol.
    5 We'll watch a film.
    7 I've bought new trousers.
    12 He was hit by a lorry.

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    2 They have a home. - They're .
    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .
    3 She looked happy. - She looked .
    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .
    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .
    8 She's female. - He's .
    4 They were careful. - They were .
    7 He's powerful. - He's .
    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .
    1 She has children. - She's .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    13 Víte to jistě?
    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.
    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.
    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)
    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.
    17 Musel o tom vědět.
    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.
    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.
    12 Srazilo ho auto.
    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.
    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.
    8 To rád slyším.
    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.
    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.
    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.
    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.
    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.
    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).