Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    6 We had to take out a mortgage.
    10 Our landlord increased the rent.
    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.
    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.
    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.
    12 We moved in recently.
    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.
    14 Can you describe it in more detail?
    9 They fell in love at first sight.
    4 They live in downtown Chicago.
    1 Do you rent or own your home?
    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.
    2 How long have you lived here?
    3 We used to live outside the city.
    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?
    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?
    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?
    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?
    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?
    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?
    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?
    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?
    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?
    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • e No, but we want to start a family.
    • a We have a flat of our own.
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.
    • b I work from home.
    • g Can you describe it to me?
    • c I can't repair anything.
    • h No, but we have a large basement.
    • f We moved in only recently.

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.
    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.
    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.
    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?
    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.
    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.
    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.
    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.
    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.
    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.
    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.
    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.
    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.
    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.
    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.
    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.
    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.
    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.
    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.
    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .
    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.
    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .
    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.
    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    6 You had better go now. - better go now.
    1 How is your family? - your family?
    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?
    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .
    5 They had been there before. - been there before.
    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.
    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.
    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.
    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.
    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.
    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.
    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.
    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?
    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?
    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.
    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.
    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.
    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.
    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.
    • b I have to park my car outside.
    • h They've moved to another city.
    • d It needs to be done.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.
    • g She's on the ground floor.
    • c They pay for living in that room.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    8 What were you wearing?
    2 We were watching him.
    10 I've been watching you.
    1 I'll wait there.
    3 Who will do that?
    4 I won't stay.
    5 I was working on it.
    9 Who's looking after them?
    6 I'm feeling tired.
    7 We were eating out.

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.
    3 He's in the now taking a shower.
    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.
    4 There's a high white around our back yard.
    5 I'm really glad to seen you.
    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.
    1 He been watching TV since morning.
    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.
    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.
    7 I'm glad to have see it.
    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.
    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.
    1 You should've call me yesterday.
    5 He's been read it for hours.
    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.
    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase
    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence
    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour
    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect
    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings
    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable
    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool
    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat
    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room
    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home
    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace
    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new
    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    12 He was hit by a lorry.
    1 The bill please!
    11 What's on at the cinema?
    6 We live on the second floor.
    9 I live in a block of flats.
    3 I'm hungry, mum!
    2 I've run out of petrol.
    10 I left it in the boot of my car.
    7 I've bought new trousers.
    5 We'll watch a film.
    4 I'll have chips.
    8 We'll take the underground.

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .
    3 She looked happy. - She looked .
    2 They have a home. - They're .
    8 She's female. - He's .
    4 They were careful. - They were .
    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .
    1 She has children. - She's .
    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .
    7 He's powerful. - He's .
    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.
    17 Musel o tom vědět.
    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.
    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.
    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.
    13 Víte to jistě?
    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.
    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.
    8 To rád slyším.
    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.
    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.
    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.
    12 Srazilo ho auto.
    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.
    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.
    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.
    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)
    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).