Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    14 Can you describe it in more detail?
    10 Our landlord increased the rent.
    4 They live in downtown Chicago.
    1 Do you rent or own your home?
    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.
    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.
    2 How long have you lived here?
    3 We used to live outside the city.
    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.
    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.
    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.
    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.
    12 We moved in recently.
    9 They fell in love at first sight.
    6 We had to take out a mortgage.

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?
    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?
    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?
    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?
    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?
    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?
    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?
    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?
    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?
    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.
    • f We moved in only recently.
    • g Can you describe it to me?
    • b I work from home.
    • c I can't repair anything.
    • a We have a flat of our own.
    • h No, but we have a large basement.
    • e No, but we want to start a family.

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.
    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.
    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.
    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.
    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.
    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.
    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.
    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.
    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?
    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.
    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.
    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.
    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.
    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.
    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.
    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.
    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.
    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.
    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .
    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.
    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.
    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .
    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.
    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.
    1 How is your family? - your family?
    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.
    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.
    5 They had been there before. - been there before.
    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?
    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.
    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .
    6 You had better go now. - better go now.

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.
    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.
    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.
    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.
    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?
    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.
    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.
    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.
    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.
    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.
    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • h They've moved to another city.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.
    • c They pay for living in that room.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.
    • g She's on the ground floor.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.
    • b I have to park my car outside.
    • d It needs to be done.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    8 What were you wearing?
    10 I've been watching you.
    6 I'm feeling tired.
    2 We were watching him.
    9 Who's looking after them?
    5 I was working on it.
    4 I won't stay.
    1 I'll wait there.
    7 We were eating out.
    3 Who will do that?

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    1 He been watching TV since morning.
    5 I'm really glad to seen you.
    3 He's in the now taking a shower.
    4 There's a high white around our back yard.
    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.
    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.
    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.
    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.
    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    7 I'm glad to have see it.
    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.
    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.
    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.
    5 He's been read it for hours.
    1 You should've call me yesterday.
    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.
    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase
    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings
    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool
    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace
    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge
    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable
    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour
    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence
    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room
    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home
    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat
    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new
    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    11 What's on at the cinema?
    2 I've run out of petrol.
    8 We'll take the underground.
    5 We'll watch a film.
    9 I live in a block of flats.
    7 I've bought new trousers.
    3 I'm hungry, mum!
    4 I'll have chips.
    1 The bill please!
    10 I left it in the boot of my car.
    6 We live on the second floor.
    12 He was hit by a lorry.

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .
    3 She looked happy. - She looked .
    4 They were careful. - They were .
    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .
    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .
    2 They have a home. - They're .
    1 She has children. - She's .
    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .
    7 He's powerful. - He's .
    8 She's female. - He's .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.
    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.
    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.
    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.
    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.
    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.
    12 Srazilo ho auto.
    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.
    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.
    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.
    8 To rád slyším.
    17 Musel o tom vědět.
    13 Víte to jistě?
    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.
    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.
    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)
    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.
    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).