Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    2 How long have you lived here?
    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.
    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.
    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.
    14 Can you describe it in more detail?
    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.
    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.
    1 Do you rent or own your home?
    3 We used to live outside the city.
    10 Our landlord increased the rent.
    4 They live in downtown Chicago.
    12 We moved in recently.
    9 They fell in love at first sight.
    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.
    6 We had to take out a mortgage.

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?
    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?
    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?
    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?
    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?
    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?
    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?
    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?
    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?
    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • e No, but we want to start a family.
    • g Can you describe it to me?
    • f We moved in only recently.
    • a We have a flat of our own.
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.
    • h No, but we have a large basement.
    • b I work from home.
    • c I can't repair anything.

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.
    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.
    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.
    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.
    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.
    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.
    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?
    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.
    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.
    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.
    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.
    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.
    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.
    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.
    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.
    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.
    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.
    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.
    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.
    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.
    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .
    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .
    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.
    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .
    1 How is your family? - your family?
    5 They had been there before. - been there before.
    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.
    6 You had better go now. - better go now.
    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.
    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.
    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.
    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.
    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.
    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.
    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.
    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?
    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.
    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.
    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.
    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?
    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.
    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • h They've moved to another city.
    • b I have to park my car outside.
    • c They pay for living in that room.
    • g She's on the ground floor.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.
    • d It needs to be done.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    2 We were watching him.
    7 We were eating out.
    1 I'll wait there.
    3 Who will do that?
    8 What were you wearing?
    4 I won't stay.
    10 I've been watching you.
    5 I was working on it.
    6 I'm feeling tired.
    9 Who's looking after them?

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    3 He's in the now taking a shower.
    1 He been watching TV since morning.
    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.
    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.
    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.
    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.
    4 There's a high white around our back yard.
    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.
    5 I'm really glad to seen you.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    7 I'm glad to have see it.
    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.
    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.
    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.
    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.
    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.
    1 You should've call me yesterday.
    5 He's been read it for hours.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence
    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home
    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace
    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat
    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new
    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool
    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge
    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room
    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour
    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings
    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect
    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase
    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    4 I'll have chips.
    2 I've run out of petrol.
    3 I'm hungry, mum!
    12 He was hit by a lorry.
    5 We'll watch a film.
    10 I left it in the boot of my car.
    7 I've bought new trousers.
    8 We'll take the underground.
    9 I live in a block of flats.
    11 What's on at the cinema?
    1 The bill please!
    6 We live on the second floor.

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    4 They were careful. - They were .
    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .
    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .
    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .
    1 She has children. - She's .
    3 She looked happy. - She looked .
    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .
    8 She's female. - He's .
    2 They have a home. - They're .
    7 He's powerful. - He's .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.
    13 Víte to jistě?
    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.
    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.
    8 To rád slyším.
    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.
    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.
    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)
    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.
    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.
    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.
    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.
    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.
    17 Musel o tom vědět.
    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.
    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.
    12 Srazilo ho auto.
    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).