Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.
    14 Can you describe it in more detail?
    9 They fell in love at first sight.
    3 We used to live outside the city.
    10 Our landlord increased the rent.
    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.
    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.
    4 They live in downtown Chicago.
    12 We moved in recently.
    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.
    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.
    2 How long have you lived here?
    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.
    1 Do you rent or own your home?
    6 We had to take out a mortgage.

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?
    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?
    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?
    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?
    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?
    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?
    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?
    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?
    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?
    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • b I work from home.
    • f We moved in only recently.
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.
    • h No, but we have a large basement.
    • a We have a flat of our own.
    • c I can't repair anything.
    • g Can you describe it to me?
    • e No, but we want to start a family.

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.
    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?
    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.
    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.
    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.
    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.
    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.
    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.
    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.
    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.
    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.
    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.
    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.
    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.
    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.
    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.
    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.
    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.
    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .
    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.
    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.
    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.
    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.
    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    1 How is your family? - your family?
    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .
    6 You had better go now. - better go now.
    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.
    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.
    5 They had been there before. - been there before.
    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?
    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.
    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.
    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.
    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.
    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?
    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.
    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?
    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.
    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.
    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.
    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.
    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • b I have to park my car outside.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.
    • g She's on the ground floor.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.
    • c They pay for living in that room.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.
    • d It needs to be done.
    • h They've moved to another city.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    3 Who will do that?
    1 I'll wait there.
    8 What were you wearing?
    6 I'm feeling tired.
    2 We were watching him.
    10 I've been watching you.
    4 I won't stay.
    7 We were eating out.
    5 I was working on it.
    9 Who's looking after them?

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    3 He's in the now taking a shower.
    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.
    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.
    5 I'm really glad to seen you.
    4 There's a high white around our back yard.
    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.
    1 He been watching TV since morning.
    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.
    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    1 You should've call me yesterday.
    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.
    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.
    5 He's been read it for hours.
    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.
    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.
    7 I'm glad to have see it.
    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable
    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge
    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home
    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour
    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room
    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool
    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence
    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect
    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace
    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings
    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat
    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new
    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    7 I've bought new trousers.
    12 He was hit by a lorry.
    6 We live on the second floor.
    2 I've run out of petrol.
    10 I left it in the boot of my car.
    11 What's on at the cinema?
    3 I'm hungry, mum!
    5 We'll watch a film.
    9 I live in a block of flats.
    8 We'll take the underground.
    4 I'll have chips.
    1 The bill please!

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    4 They were careful. - They were .
    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .
    1 She has children. - She's .
    3 She looked happy. - She looked .
    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .
    2 They have a home. - They're .
    8 She's female. - He's .
    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .
    7 He's powerful. - He's .
    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.
    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.
    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.
    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.
    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.
    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.
    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.
    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.
    13 Víte to jistě?
    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.
    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)
    17 Musel o tom vědět.
    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.
    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.
    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.
    8 To rád slyším.
    12 Srazilo ho auto.
    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).