Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    14 Can you describe it in more detail?
    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.
    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.
    4 They live in downtown Chicago.
    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.
    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.
    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.
    1 Do you rent or own your home?
    9 They fell in love at first sight.
    12 We moved in recently.
    10 Our landlord increased the rent.
    2 How long have you lived here?
    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.
    6 We had to take out a mortgage.
    3 We used to live outside the city.

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?
    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?
    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?
    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?
    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?
    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?
    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?
    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?
    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?
    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • f We moved in only recently.
    • g Can you describe it to me?
    • b I work from home.
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.
    • e No, but we want to start a family.
    • a We have a flat of our own.
    • h No, but we have a large basement.
    • c I can't repair anything.

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.
    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.
    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.
    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.
    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?
    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.
    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.
    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.
    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.
    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.
    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.
    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.
    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.
    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.
    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.
    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.
    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.
    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.
    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.
    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.
    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .
    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.
    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .
    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.
    6 You had better go now. - better go now.
    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.
    5 They had been there before. - been there before.
    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.
    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .
    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.
    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?
    1 How is your family? - your family?

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.
    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.
    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.
    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.
    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.
    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.
    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?
    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.
    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.
    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.
    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • g She's on the ground floor.
    • c They pay for living in that room.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.
    • b I have to park my car outside.
    • h They've moved to another city.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.
    • d It needs to be done.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    5 I was working on it.
    4 I won't stay.
    9 Who's looking after them?
    10 I've been watching you.
    6 I'm feeling tired.
    8 What were you wearing?
    3 Who will do that?
    1 I'll wait there.
    2 We were watching him.
    7 We were eating out.

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    1 He been watching TV since morning.
    4 There's a high white around our back yard.
    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.
    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.
    3 He's in the now taking a shower.
    5 I'm really glad to seen you.
    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.
    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.
    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.
    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.
    1 You should've call me yesterday.
    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.
    7 I'm glad to have see it.
    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.
    5 He's been read it for hours.
    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat
    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new
    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room
    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable
    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool
    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect
    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour
    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home
    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence
    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase
    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace
    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings
    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    10 I left it in the boot of my car.
    8 We'll take the underground.
    3 I'm hungry, mum!
    11 What's on at the cinema?
    4 I'll have chips.
    1 The bill please!
    12 He was hit by a lorry.
    7 I've bought new trousers.
    6 We live on the second floor.
    9 I live in a block of flats.
    5 We'll watch a film.
    2 I've run out of petrol.

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .
    4 They were careful. - They were .
    2 They have a home. - They're .
    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .
    3 She looked happy. - She looked .
    8 She's female. - He's .
    1 She has children. - She's .
    7 He's powerful. - He's .
    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .
    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.
    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.
    12 Srazilo ho auto.
    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.
    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.
    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.
    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.
    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)
    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.
    13 Víte to jistě?
    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.
    17 Musel o tom vědět.
    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.
    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.
    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.
    8 To rád slyším.
    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.
    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).