Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    2 How long have you lived here?
    9 They fell in love at first sight.
    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.
    3 We used to live outside the city.
    6 We had to take out a mortgage.
    10 Our landlord increased the rent.
    14 Can you describe it in more detail?
    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.
    12 We moved in recently.
    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.
    4 They live in downtown Chicago.
    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.
    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.
    1 Do you rent or own your home?
    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?
    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?
    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?
    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?
    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?
    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?
    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?
    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?
    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?
    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • e No, but we want to start a family.
    • a We have a flat of our own.
    • g Can you describe it to me?
    • c I can't repair anything.
    • h No, but we have a large basement.
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.
    • f We moved in only recently.
    • b I work from home.

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.
    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.
    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.
    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.
    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.
    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?
    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.
    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.
    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.
    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.
    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.
    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.
    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.
    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.
    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.
    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.
    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.
    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.
    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.
    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.
    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.
    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.
    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .
    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.
    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.
    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.
    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .
    5 They had been there before. - been there before.
    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.
    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?
    1 How is your family? - your family?
    6 You had better go now. - better go now.

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.
    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.
    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.
    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.
    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.
    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.
    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?
    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.
    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.
    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?
    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • c They pay for living in that room.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.
    • h They've moved to another city.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.
    • d It needs to be done.
    • g She's on the ground floor.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.
    • b I have to park my car outside.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    10 I've been watching you.
    1 I'll wait there.
    5 I was working on it.
    8 What were you wearing?
    7 We were eating out.
    2 We were watching him.
    9 Who's looking after them?
    6 I'm feeling tired.
    4 I won't stay.
    3 Who will do that?

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    5 I'm really glad to seen you.
    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.
    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.
    3 He's in the now taking a shower.
    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.
    1 He been watching TV since morning.
    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.
    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.
    4 There's a high white around our back yard.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.
    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.
    7 I'm glad to have see it.
    5 He's been read it for hours.
    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.
    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.
    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.
    1 You should've call me yesterday.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home
    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room
    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase
    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings
    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge
    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable
    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool
    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new
    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat
    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace
    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect
    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour
    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    8 We'll take the underground.
    10 I left it in the boot of my car.
    4 I'll have chips.
    7 I've bought new trousers.
    11 What's on at the cinema?
    2 I've run out of petrol.
    1 The bill please!
    9 I live in a block of flats.
    12 He was hit by a lorry.
    5 We'll watch a film.
    3 I'm hungry, mum!
    6 We live on the second floor.

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    4 They were careful. - They were .
    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .
    3 She looked happy. - She looked .
    1 She has children. - She's .
    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .
    7 He's powerful. - He's .
    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .
    8 She's female. - He's .
    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .
    2 They have a home. - They're .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    13 Víte to jistě?
    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)
    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.
    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.
    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.
    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.
    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.
    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.
    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.
    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.
    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.
    17 Musel o tom vědět.
    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.
    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.
    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.
    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.
    12 Srazilo ho auto.
    8 To rád slyším.

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).