Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.
    14 Can you describe it in more detail?
    3 We used to live outside the city.
    2 How long have you lived here?
    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.
    12 We moved in recently.
    9 They fell in love at first sight.
    6 We had to take out a mortgage.
    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.
    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.
    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.
    1 Do you rent or own your home?
    10 Our landlord increased the rent.
    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.
    4 They live in downtown Chicago.

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?
    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?
    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?
    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?
    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?
    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?
    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?
    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?
    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?
    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • b I work from home.
    • g Can you describe it to me?
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.
    • c I can't repair anything.
    • h No, but we have a large basement.
    • f We moved in only recently.
    • e No, but we want to start a family.
    • a We have a flat of our own.

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.
    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.
    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.
    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.
    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?
    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.
    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.
    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.
    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.
    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.
    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.
    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.
    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.
    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.
    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.
    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.
    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.
    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.
    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.
    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.
    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .
    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .
    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.
    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?
    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.
    5 They had been there before. - been there before.
    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .
    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.
    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.
    1 How is your family? - your family?
    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.
    6 You had better go now. - better go now.

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?
    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?
    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.
    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.
    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.
    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.
    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.
    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.
    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.
    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.
    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • d It needs to be done.
    • h They've moved to another city.
    • b I have to park my car outside.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.
    • c They pay for living in that room.
    • g She's on the ground floor.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    7 We were eating out.
    4 I won't stay.
    8 What were you wearing?
    2 We were watching him.
    6 I'm feeling tired.
    9 Who's looking after them?
    1 I'll wait there.
    5 I was working on it.
    3 Who will do that?
    10 I've been watching you.

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    1 He been watching TV since morning.
    4 There's a high white around our back yard.
    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.
    3 He's in the now taking a shower.
    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.
    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.
    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.
    5 I'm really glad to seen you.
    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.
    1 You should've call me yesterday.
    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.
    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.
    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.
    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.
    5 He's been read it for hours.
    7 I'm glad to have see it.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room
    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence
    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace
    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new
    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat
    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour
    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home
    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings
    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge
    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase
    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect
    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool
    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    3 I'm hungry, mum!
    7 I've bought new trousers.
    10 I left it in the boot of my car.
    2 I've run out of petrol.
    6 We live on the second floor.
    5 We'll watch a film.
    4 I'll have chips.
    9 I live in a block of flats.
    11 What's on at the cinema?
    1 The bill please!
    8 We'll take the underground.
    12 He was hit by a lorry.

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .
    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .
    1 She has children. - She's .
    2 They have a home. - They're .
    4 They were careful. - They were .
    3 She looked happy. - She looked .
    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .
    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .
    7 He's powerful. - He's .
    8 She's female. - He's .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.
    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.
    13 Víte to jistě?
    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.
    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.
    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.
    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.
    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.
    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)
    8 To rád slyším.
    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.
    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.
    17 Musel o tom vědět.
    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.
    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.
    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.
    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.
    12 Srazilo ho auto.

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).