Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    14 Can you describe it in more detail?
    9 They fell in love at first sight.
    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.
    2 How long have you lived here?
    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.
    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.
    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.
    10 Our landlord increased the rent.
    4 They live in downtown Chicago.
    1 Do you rent or own your home?
    3 We used to live outside the city.
    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.
    12 We moved in recently.
    6 We had to take out a mortgage.
    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?
    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?
    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?
    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?
    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?
    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?
    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?
    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?
    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?
    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • a We have a flat of our own.
    • g Can you describe it to me?
    • b I work from home.
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.
    • c I can't repair anything.
    • f We moved in only recently.
    • h No, but we have a large basement.
    • e No, but we want to start a family.

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.
    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.
    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.
    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.
    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.
    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?
    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.
    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.
    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.
    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.
    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.
    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.
    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.
    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.
    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.
    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.
    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.
    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.
    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.
    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .
    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.
    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.
    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .
    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    1 How is your family? - your family?
    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.
    6 You had better go now. - better go now.
    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.
    5 They had been there before. - been there before.
    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.
    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.
    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?
    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?
    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.
    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.
    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.
    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.
    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.
    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.
    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.
    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.
    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.
    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.
    • h They've moved to another city.
    • b I have to park my car outside.
    • g She's on the ground floor.
    • c They pay for living in that room.
    • d It needs to be done.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    4 I won't stay.
    8 What were you wearing?
    5 I was working on it.
    2 We were watching him.
    7 We were eating out.
    3 Who will do that?
    6 I'm feeling tired.
    1 I'll wait there.
    10 I've been watching you.
    9 Who's looking after them?

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    5 I'm really glad to seen you.
    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.
    1 He been watching TV since morning.
    3 He's in the now taking a shower.
    4 There's a high white around our back yard.
    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.
    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.
    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.
    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    5 He's been read it for hours.
    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.
    1 You should've call me yesterday.
    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.
    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.
    7 I'm glad to have see it.
    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.
    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat
    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable
    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new
    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence
    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase
    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room
    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour
    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings
    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect
    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge
    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool
    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home
    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    11 What's on at the cinema?
    3 I'm hungry, mum!
    12 He was hit by a lorry.
    2 I've run out of petrol.
    6 We live on the second floor.
    7 I've bought new trousers.
    8 We'll take the underground.
    5 We'll watch a film.
    9 I live in a block of flats.
    4 I'll have chips.
    10 I left it in the boot of my car.
    1 The bill please!

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .
    1 She has children. - She's .
    4 They were careful. - They were .
    8 She's female. - He's .
    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .
    3 She looked happy. - She looked .
    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .
    2 They have a home. - They're .
    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .
    7 He's powerful. - He's .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.
    8 To rád slyším.
    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.
    12 Srazilo ho auto.
    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.
    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.
    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)
    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.
    17 Musel o tom vědět.
    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.
    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.
    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.
    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.
    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.
    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.
    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.
    13 Víte to jistě?
    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).