Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    2 How long have you lived here?
    10 Our landlord increased the rent.
    3 We used to live outside the city.
    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.
    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.
    14 Can you describe it in more detail?
    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.
    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.
    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.
    12 We moved in recently.
    4 They live in downtown Chicago.
    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.
    6 We had to take out a mortgage.
    9 They fell in love at first sight.
    1 Do you rent or own your home?

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?
    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?
    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?
    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?
    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?
    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?
    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?
    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?
    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?
    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • a We have a flat of our own.
    • h No, but we have a large basement.
    • c I can't repair anything.
    • g Can you describe it to me?
    • b I work from home.
    • f We moved in only recently.
    • e No, but we want to start a family.
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.
    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?
    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.
    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.
    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.
    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.
    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.
    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.
    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.
    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.
    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.
    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.
    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.
    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.
    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.
    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.
    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.
    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .
    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.
    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .
    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.
    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.
    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.
    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.
    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.
    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?
    5 They had been there before. - been there before.
    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.
    6 You had better go now. - better go now.
    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .
    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.
    1 How is your family? - your family?

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.
    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.
    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.
    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.
    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.
    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?
    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.
    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.
    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.
    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?
    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • b I have to park my car outside.
    • h They've moved to another city.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.
    • d It needs to be done.
    • g She's on the ground floor.
    • c They pay for living in that room.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    2 We were watching him.
    6 I'm feeling tired.
    1 I'll wait there.
    10 I've been watching you.
    9 Who's looking after them?
    3 Who will do that?
    5 I was working on it.
    4 I won't stay.
    8 What were you wearing?
    7 We were eating out.

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.
    1 He been watching TV since morning.
    4 There's a high white around our back yard.
    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.
    3 He's in the now taking a shower.
    5 I'm really glad to seen you.
    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.
    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.
    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    7 I'm glad to have see it.
    1 You should've call me yesterday.
    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.
    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.
    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.
    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.
    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.
    5 He's been read it for hours.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable
    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool
    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase
    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new
    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace
    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour
    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home
    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge
    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings
    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect
    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room
    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat
    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    2 I've run out of petrol.
    4 I'll have chips.
    11 What's on at the cinema?
    10 I left it in the boot of my car.
    3 I'm hungry, mum!
    8 We'll take the underground.
    7 I've bought new trousers.
    5 We'll watch a film.
    1 The bill please!
    9 I live in a block of flats.
    12 He was hit by a lorry.
    6 We live on the second floor.

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .
    8 She's female. - He's .
    3 She looked happy. - She looked .
    2 They have a home. - They're .
    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .
    1 She has children. - She's .
    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .
    4 They were careful. - They were .
    7 He's powerful. - He's .
    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.
    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.
    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.
    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.
    13 Víte to jistě?
    17 Musel o tom vědět.
    12 Srazilo ho auto.
    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.
    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.
    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.
    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.
    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.
    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)
    8 To rád slyším.
    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.
    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.
    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.
    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).