Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    6 We had to take out a mortgage.
    12 We moved in recently.
    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.
    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.
    2 How long have you lived here?
    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.
    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.
    9 They fell in love at first sight.
    1 Do you rent or own your home?
    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.
    3 We used to live outside the city.
    10 Our landlord increased the rent.
    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.
    4 They live in downtown Chicago.
    14 Can you describe it in more detail?

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?
    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?
    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?
    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?
    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?
    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?
    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?
    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?
    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?
    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.
    • f We moved in only recently.
    • e No, but we want to start a family.
    • a We have a flat of our own.
    • h No, but we have a large basement.
    • g Can you describe it to me?
    • c I can't repair anything.
    • b I work from home.

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.
    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.
    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.
    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.
    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.
    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?
    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.
    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.
    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.
    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.
    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.
    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.
    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.
    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.
    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.
    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.
    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .
    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.
    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.
    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.
    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.
    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.
    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .
    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?
    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.
    1 How is your family? - your family?
    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.
    5 They had been there before. - been there before.
    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.
    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .
    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.
    6 You had better go now. - better go now.

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?
    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.
    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?
    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.
    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.
    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.
    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.
    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.
    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.
    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.
    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • b I have to park my car outside.
    • h They've moved to another city.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.
    • g She's on the ground floor.
    • c They pay for living in that room.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.
    • d It needs to be done.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    4 I won't stay.
    10 I've been watching you.
    1 I'll wait there.
    3 Who will do that?
    8 What were you wearing?
    9 Who's looking after them?
    5 I was working on it.
    6 I'm feeling tired.
    2 We were watching him.
    7 We were eating out.

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.
    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.
    4 There's a high white around our back yard.
    3 He's in the now taking a shower.
    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.
    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.
    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.
    5 I'm really glad to seen you.
    1 He been watching TV since morning.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    5 He's been read it for hours.
    7 I'm glad to have see it.
    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.
    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.
    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.
    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.
    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.
    1 You should've call me yesterday.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence
    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new
    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat
    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable
    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home
    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings
    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour
    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase
    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room
    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect
    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace
    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool
    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    6 We live on the second floor.
    10 I left it in the boot of my car.
    4 I'll have chips.
    11 What's on at the cinema?
    1 The bill please!
    2 I've run out of petrol.
    7 I've bought new trousers.
    9 I live in a block of flats.
    12 He was hit by a lorry.
    5 We'll watch a film.
    8 We'll take the underground.
    3 I'm hungry, mum!

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .
    7 He's powerful. - He's .
    3 She looked happy. - She looked .
    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .
    2 They have a home. - They're .
    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .
    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .
    8 She's female. - He's .
    4 They were careful. - They were .
    1 She has children. - She's .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.
    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)
    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.
    8 To rád slyším.
    17 Musel o tom vědět.
    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.
    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.
    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.
    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.
    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.
    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.
    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.
    13 Víte to jistě?
    12 Srazilo ho auto.
    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.
    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.
    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.
    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).