Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.
    14 Can you describe it in more detail?
    12 We moved in recently.
    1 Do you rent or own your home?
    3 We used to live outside the city.
    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.
    4 They live in downtown Chicago.
    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.
    6 We had to take out a mortgage.
    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.
    9 They fell in love at first sight.
    10 Our landlord increased the rent.
    2 How long have you lived here?
    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.
    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?
    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?
    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?
    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?
    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?
    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?
    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?
    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?
    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?
    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • e No, but we want to start a family.
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.
    • c I can't repair anything.
    • a We have a flat of our own.
    • f We moved in only recently.
    • b I work from home.
    • h No, but we have a large basement.
    • g Can you describe it to me?

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.
    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.
    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.
    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.
    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.
    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.
    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.
    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.
    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.
    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.
    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.
    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.
    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.
    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.
    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.
    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.
    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.
    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.
    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .
    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.
    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .
    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.
    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.
    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    5 They had been there before. - been there before.
    6 You had better go now. - better go now.
    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .
    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.
    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.
    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?
    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.
    1 How is your family? - your family?
    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.
    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.
    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.
    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?
    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.
    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.
    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.
    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.
    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.
    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?
    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • d It needs to be done.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.
    • g She's on the ground floor.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.
    • h They've moved to another city.
    • b I have to park my car outside.
    • c They pay for living in that room.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    4 I won't stay.
    7 We were eating out.
    1 I'll wait there.
    6 I'm feeling tired.
    9 Who's looking after them?
    3 Who will do that?
    10 I've been watching you.
    2 We were watching him.
    5 I was working on it.
    8 What were you wearing?

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.
    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.
    4 There's a high white around our back yard.
    3 He's in the now taking a shower.
    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.
    5 I'm really glad to seen you.
    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.
    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.
    1 He been watching TV since morning.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.
    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.
    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.
    5 He's been read it for hours.
    1 You should've call me yesterday.
    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.
    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.
    7 I'm glad to have see it.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase
    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge
    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room
    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence
    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings
    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool
    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour
    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat
    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect
    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home
    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace
    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new
    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    7 I've bought new trousers.
    12 He was hit by a lorry.
    1 The bill please!
    5 We'll watch a film.
    11 What's on at the cinema?
    10 I left it in the boot of my car.
    3 I'm hungry, mum!
    4 I'll have chips.
    6 We live on the second floor.
    8 We'll take the underground.
    9 I live in a block of flats.
    2 I've run out of petrol.

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    7 He's powerful. - He's .
    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .
    3 She looked happy. - She looked .
    1 She has children. - She's .
    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .
    2 They have a home. - They're .
    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .
    4 They were careful. - They were .
    8 She's female. - He's .
    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.
    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.
    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.
    13 Víte to jistě?
    12 Srazilo ho auto.
    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.
    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.
    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.
    17 Musel o tom vědět.
    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.
    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.
    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.
    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)
    8 To rád slyším.
    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.
    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.
    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.
    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).