Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.
    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.
    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.
    3 We used to live outside the city.
    14 Can you describe it in more detail?
    12 We moved in recently.
    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.
    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.
    1 Do you rent or own your home?
    9 They fell in love at first sight.
    2 How long have you lived here?
    10 Our landlord increased the rent.
    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.
    4 They live in downtown Chicago.
    6 We had to take out a mortgage.

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?
    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?
    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?
    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?
    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?
    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?
    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?
    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?
    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?
    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.
    • g Can you describe it to me?
    • h No, but we have a large basement.
    • b I work from home.
    • f We moved in only recently.
    • c I can't repair anything.
    • e No, but we want to start a family.
    • a We have a flat of our own.

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.
    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.
    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.
    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.
    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.
    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.
    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.
    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?
    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.
    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.
    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.
    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.
    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.
    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.
    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.
    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.
    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .
    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.
    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.
    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.
    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .
    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.
    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.
    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    6 You had better go now. - better go now.
    1 How is your family? - your family?
    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.
    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?
    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.
    5 They had been there before. - been there before.
    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.
    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .
    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.
    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.
    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.
    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?
    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.
    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?
    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.
    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.
    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.
    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.
    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • d It needs to be done.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.
    • g She's on the ground floor.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.
    • c They pay for living in that room.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.
    • h They've moved to another city.
    • b I have to park my car outside.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    7 We were eating out.
    6 I'm feeling tired.
    5 I was working on it.
    9 Who's looking after them?
    2 We were watching him.
    10 I've been watching you.
    8 What were you wearing?
    4 I won't stay.
    1 I'll wait there.
    3 Who will do that?

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.
    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.
    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.
    4 There's a high white around our back yard.
    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.
    3 He's in the now taking a shower.
    5 I'm really glad to seen you.
    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.
    1 He been watching TV since morning.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    1 You should've call me yesterday.
    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.
    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.
    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.
    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.
    7 I'm glad to have see it.
    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.
    5 He's been read it for hours.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase
    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect
    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat
    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings
    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room
    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home
    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace
    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool
    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour
    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence
    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable
    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge
    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    10 I left it in the boot of my car.
    6 We live on the second floor.
    4 I'll have chips.
    3 I'm hungry, mum!
    12 He was hit by a lorry.
    5 We'll watch a film.
    8 We'll take the underground.
    1 The bill please!
    9 I live in a block of flats.
    11 What's on at the cinema?
    7 I've bought new trousers.
    2 I've run out of petrol.

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    3 She looked happy. - She looked .
    2 They have a home. - They're .
    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .
    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .
    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .
    7 He's powerful. - He's .
    8 She's female. - He's .
    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .
    4 They were careful. - They were .
    1 She has children. - She's .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.
    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.
    17 Musel o tom vědět.
    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.
    12 Srazilo ho auto.
    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)
    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.
    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.
    13 Víte to jistě?
    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.
    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.
    8 To rád slyším.
    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.
    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.
    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.
    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.
    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.
    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).