Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    1 Do you rent or own your home?
    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.
    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.
    4 They live in downtown Chicago.
    10 Our landlord increased the rent.
    6 We had to take out a mortgage.
    3 We used to live outside the city.
    12 We moved in recently.
    14 Can you describe it in more detail?
    9 They fell in love at first sight.
    2 How long have you lived here?
    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.
    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.
    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.
    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?
    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?
    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?
    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?
    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?
    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?
    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?
    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?
    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?
    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • f We moved in only recently.
    • e No, but we want to start a family.
    • a We have a flat of our own.
    • h No, but we have a large basement.
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.
    • c I can't repair anything.
    • g Can you describe it to me?
    • b I work from home.

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.
    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?
    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.
    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.
    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.
    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.
    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.
    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.
    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.
    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.
    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.
    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.
    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.
    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.
    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.
    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.
    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.
    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .
    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.
    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.
    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.
    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.
    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .
    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    6 You had better go now. - better go now.
    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?
    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.
    1 How is your family? - your family?
    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .
    5 They had been there before. - been there before.
    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.
    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.
    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.
    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.
    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?
    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.
    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.
    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.
    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.
    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?
    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.
    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.
    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • c They pay for living in that room.
    • g She's on the ground floor.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.
    • h They've moved to another city.
    • b I have to park my car outside.
    • d It needs to be done.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    8 What were you wearing?
    7 We were eating out.
    9 Who's looking after them?
    6 I'm feeling tired.
    1 I'll wait there.
    4 I won't stay.
    3 Who will do that?
    5 I was working on it.
    10 I've been watching you.
    2 We were watching him.

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    4 There's a high white around our back yard.
    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.
    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.
    3 He's in the now taking a shower.
    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.
    5 I'm really glad to seen you.
    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.
    1 He been watching TV since morning.
    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    7 I'm glad to have see it.
    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.
    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.
    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.
    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.
    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.
    5 He's been read it for hours.
    1 You should've call me yesterday.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect
    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour
    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new
    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable
    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings
    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat
    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase
    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool
    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace
    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence
    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home
    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room
    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    9 I live in a block of flats.
    3 I'm hungry, mum!
    4 I'll have chips.
    1 The bill please!
    10 I left it in the boot of my car.
    6 We live on the second floor.
    12 He was hit by a lorry.
    2 I've run out of petrol.
    7 I've bought new trousers.
    5 We'll watch a film.
    8 We'll take the underground.
    11 What's on at the cinema?

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    2 They have a home. - They're .
    1 She has children. - She's .
    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .
    4 They were careful. - They were .
    8 She's female. - He's .
    7 He's powerful. - He's .
    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .
    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .
    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .
    3 She looked happy. - She looked .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.
    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.
    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.
    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.
    8 To rád slyším.
    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.
    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.
    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.
    13 Víte to jistě?
    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.
    17 Musel o tom vědět.
    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.
    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.
    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.
    12 Srazilo ho auto.
    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.
    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)
    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).