Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.
    4 They live in downtown Chicago.
    2 How long have you lived here?
    9 They fell in love at first sight.
    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.
    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.
    10 Our landlord increased the rent.
    14 Can you describe it in more detail?
    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.
    3 We used to live outside the city.
    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.
    12 We moved in recently.
    1 Do you rent or own your home?
    6 We had to take out a mortgage.
    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?
    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?
    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?
    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?
    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?
    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?
    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?
    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?
    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?
    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • b I work from home.
    • h No, but we have a large basement.
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.
    • f We moved in only recently.
    • g Can you describe it to me?
    • e No, but we want to start a family.
    • c I can't repair anything.
    • a We have a flat of our own.

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.
    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.
    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.
    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.
    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?
    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.
    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.
    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.
    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.
    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.
    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.
    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.
    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.
    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.
    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.
    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.
    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.
    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.
    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.
    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.
    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.
    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.
    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .
    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?
    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.
    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .
    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.
    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.
    1 How is your family? - your family?
    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.
    5 They had been there before. - been there before.
    6 You had better go now. - better go now.

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?
    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.
    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.
    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.
    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.
    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.
    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.
    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.
    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.
    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?
    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • h They've moved to another city.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.
    • b I have to park my car outside.
    • g She's on the ground floor.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.
    • c They pay for living in that room.
    • d It needs to be done.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    2 We were watching him.
    4 I won't stay.
    10 I've been watching you.
    3 Who will do that?
    9 Who's looking after them?
    8 What were you wearing?
    7 We were eating out.
    1 I'll wait there.
    6 I'm feeling tired.
    5 I was working on it.

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.
    4 There's a high white around our back yard.
    1 He been watching TV since morning.
    5 I'm really glad to seen you.
    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.
    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.
    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.
    3 He's in the now taking a shower.
    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.
    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.
    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.
    5 He's been read it for hours.
    7 I'm glad to have see it.
    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.
    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.
    1 You should've call me yesterday.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room
    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home
    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour
    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat
    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new
    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence
    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase
    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool
    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge
    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable
    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings
    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace
    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    11 What's on at the cinema?
    10 I left it in the boot of my car.
    8 We'll take the underground.
    4 I'll have chips.
    12 He was hit by a lorry.
    2 I've run out of petrol.
    7 I've bought new trousers.
    3 I'm hungry, mum!
    5 We'll watch a film.
    6 We live on the second floor.
    1 The bill please!
    9 I live in a block of flats.

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .
    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .
    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .
    3 She looked happy. - She looked .
    4 They were careful. - They were .
    2 They have a home. - They're .
    1 She has children. - She's .
    8 She's female. - He's .
    7 He's powerful. - He's .
    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.
    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.
    13 Víte to jistě?
    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.
    8 To rád slyším.
    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.
    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.
    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.
    17 Musel o tom vědět.
    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.
    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.
    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.
    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.
    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.
    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.
    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)
    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.
    12 Srazilo ho auto.

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).