Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    10 Our landlord increased the rent.
    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.
    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.
    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.
    4 They live in downtown Chicago.
    14 Can you describe it in more detail?
    3 We used to live outside the city.
    12 We moved in recently.
    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.
    9 They fell in love at first sight.
    6 We had to take out a mortgage.
    2 How long have you lived here?
    1 Do you rent or own your home?
    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.
    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?
    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?
    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?
    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?
    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?
    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?
    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?
    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?
    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?
    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • h No, but we have a large basement.
    • b I work from home.
    • a We have a flat of our own.
    • g Can you describe it to me?
    • f We moved in only recently.
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.
    • e No, but we want to start a family.
    • c I can't repair anything.

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.
    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.
    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.
    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?
    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.
    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.
    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.
    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.
    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.
    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.
    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.
    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.
    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.
    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.
    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.
    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.
    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.
    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.
    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.
    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .
    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.
    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.
    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .
    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.
    6 You had better go now. - better go now.
    1 How is your family? - your family?
    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?
    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.
    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .
    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.
    5 They had been there before. - been there before.
    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?
    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.
    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?
    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.
    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.
    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.
    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.
    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.
    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.
    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.
    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • b I have to park my car outside.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.
    • d It needs to be done.
    • c They pay for living in that room.
    • g She's on the ground floor.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.
    • h They've moved to another city.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    1 I'll wait there.
    9 Who's looking after them?
    4 I won't stay.
    10 I've been watching you.
    5 I was working on it.
    8 What were you wearing?
    7 We were eating out.
    3 Who will do that?
    2 We were watching him.
    6 I'm feeling tired.

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    5 I'm really glad to seen you.
    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.
    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.
    1 He been watching TV since morning.
    4 There's a high white around our back yard.
    3 He's in the now taking a shower.
    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.
    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.
    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    7 I'm glad to have see it.
    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.
    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.
    1 You should've call me yesterday.
    5 He's been read it for hours.
    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.
    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.
    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new
    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable
    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase
    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour
    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home
    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge
    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings
    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace
    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool
    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat
    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence
    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect
    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    12 He was hit by a lorry.
    8 We'll take the underground.
    3 I'm hungry, mum!
    4 I'll have chips.
    1 The bill please!
    9 I live in a block of flats.
    5 We'll watch a film.
    7 I've bought new trousers.
    2 I've run out of petrol.
    11 What's on at the cinema?
    6 We live on the second floor.
    10 I left it in the boot of my car.

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    1 She has children. - She's .
    7 He's powerful. - He's .
    3 She looked happy. - She looked .
    8 She's female. - He's .
    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .
    2 They have a home. - They're .
    4 They were careful. - They were .
    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .
    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .
    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.
    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.
    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.
    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.
    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.
    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.
    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.
    8 To rád slyším.
    12 Srazilo ho auto.
    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.
    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.
    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.
    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.
    17 Musel o tom vědět.
    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.
    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.
    13 Víte to jistě?
    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).