Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    4 They live in downtown Chicago.
    2 How long have you lived here?
    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.
    9 They fell in love at first sight.
    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.
    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.
    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.
    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.
    1 Do you rent or own your home?
    10 Our landlord increased the rent.
    3 We used to live outside the city.
    6 We had to take out a mortgage.
    12 We moved in recently.
    14 Can you describe it in more detail?
    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?
    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?
    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?
    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?
    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?
    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?
    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?
    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?
    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?
    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • g Can you describe it to me?
    • f We moved in only recently.
    • h No, but we have a large basement.
    • b I work from home.
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.
    • a We have a flat of our own.
    • c I can't repair anything.
    • e No, but we want to start a family.

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.
    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.
    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.
    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.
    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.
    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.
    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.
    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.
    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.
    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.
    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.
    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.
    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.
    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.
    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.
    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.
    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.
    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .
    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.
    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.
    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.
    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .
    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.
    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    1 How is your family? - your family?
    6 You had better go now. - better go now.
    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.
    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?
    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.
    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.
    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .
    5 They had been there before. - been there before.
    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.
    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.
    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.
    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.
    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.
    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.
    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?
    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.
    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?
    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.
    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.
    • g She's on the ground floor.
    • h They've moved to another city.
    • d It needs to be done.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.
    • c They pay for living in that room.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.
    • b I have to park my car outside.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    4 I won't stay.
    9 Who's looking after them?
    10 I've been watching you.
    6 I'm feeling tired.
    5 I was working on it.
    1 I'll wait there.
    2 We were watching him.
    3 Who will do that?
    7 We were eating out.
    8 What were you wearing?

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.
    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.
    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.
    1 He been watching TV since morning.
    5 I'm really glad to seen you.
    4 There's a high white around our back yard.
    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.
    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.
    3 He's in the now taking a shower.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.
    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.
    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.
    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.
    7 I'm glad to have see it.
    1 You should've call me yesterday.
    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.
    5 He's been read it for hours.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool
    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new
    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase
    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room
    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings
    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect
    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge
    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour
    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable
    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home
    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace
    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence
    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    2 I've run out of petrol.
    9 I live in a block of flats.
    4 I'll have chips.
    12 He was hit by a lorry.
    3 I'm hungry, mum!
    5 We'll watch a film.
    10 I left it in the boot of my car.
    11 What's on at the cinema?
    6 We live on the second floor.
    7 I've bought new trousers.
    1 The bill please!
    8 We'll take the underground.

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    1 She has children. - She's .
    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .
    2 They have a home. - They're .
    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .
    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .
    8 She's female. - He's .
    3 She looked happy. - She looked .
    7 He's powerful. - He's .
    4 They were careful. - They were .
    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    17 Musel o tom vědět.
    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.
    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.
    13 Víte to jistě?
    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)
    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.
    12 Srazilo ho auto.
    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.
    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.
    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.
    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.
    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.
    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.
    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.
    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.
    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.
    8 To rád slyším.
    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).