Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.
    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.
    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.
    2 How long have you lived here?
    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.
    6 We had to take out a mortgage.
    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.
    9 They fell in love at first sight.
    4 They live in downtown Chicago.
    12 We moved in recently.
    10 Our landlord increased the rent.
    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.
    1 Do you rent or own your home?
    14 Can you describe it in more detail?
    3 We used to live outside the city.

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?
    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?
    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?
    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?
    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?
    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?
    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?
    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?
    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?
    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • a We have a flat of our own.
    • h No, but we have a large basement.
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.
    • g Can you describe it to me?
    • e No, but we want to start a family.
    • f We moved in only recently.
    • b I work from home.
    • c I can't repair anything.

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.
    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.
    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.
    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.
    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?
    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.
    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.
    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.
    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.
    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.
    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.
    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.
    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.
    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.
    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.
    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.
    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.
    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .
    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.
    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.
    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.
    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .
    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.
    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.
    5 They had been there before. - been there before.
    1 How is your family? - your family?
    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .
    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.
    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.
    6 You had better go now. - better go now.
    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?
    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.
    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?
    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.
    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.
    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.
    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.
    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.
    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.
    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?
    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.
    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • h They've moved to another city.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.
    • c They pay for living in that room.
    • b I have to park my car outside.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.
    • d It needs to be done.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.
    • g She's on the ground floor.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    4 I won't stay.
    3 Who will do that?
    1 I'll wait there.
    8 What were you wearing?
    5 I was working on it.
    6 I'm feeling tired.
    2 We were watching him.
    9 Who's looking after them?
    7 We were eating out.
    10 I've been watching you.

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.
    3 He's in the now taking a shower.
    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.
    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.
    1 He been watching TV since morning.
    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.
    5 I'm really glad to seen you.
    4 There's a high white around our back yard.
    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    1 You should've call me yesterday.
    5 He's been read it for hours.
    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.
    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.
    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.
    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.
    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.
    7 I'm glad to have see it.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour
    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new
    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home
    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect
    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence
    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace
    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase
    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room
    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable
    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool
    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat
    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge
    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    3 I'm hungry, mum!
    11 What's on at the cinema?
    12 He was hit by a lorry.
    7 I've bought new trousers.
    4 I'll have chips.
    5 We'll watch a film.
    6 We live on the second floor.
    10 I left it in the boot of my car.
    9 I live in a block of flats.
    2 I've run out of petrol.
    1 The bill please!
    8 We'll take the underground.

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    8 She's female. - He's .
    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .
    4 They were careful. - They were .
    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .
    3 She looked happy. - She looked .
    1 She has children. - She's .
    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .
    7 He's powerful. - He's .
    2 They have a home. - They're .
    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    13 Víte to jistě?
    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.
    12 Srazilo ho auto.
    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.
    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.
    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.
    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.
    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.
    17 Musel o tom vědět.
    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.
    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.
    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.
    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.
    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.
    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.
    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.
    8 To rád slyším.
    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).