Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.
    6 We had to take out a mortgage.
    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.
    10 Our landlord increased the rent.
    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.
    12 We moved in recently.
    4 They live in downtown Chicago.
    9 They fell in love at first sight.
    14 Can you describe it in more detail?
    3 We used to live outside the city.
    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.
    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.
    2 How long have you lived here?
    1 Do you rent or own your home?
    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?
    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?
    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?
    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?
    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?
    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?
    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?
    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?
    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?
    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • f We moved in only recently.
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.
    • h No, but we have a large basement.
    • e No, but we want to start a family.
    • b I work from home.
    • c I can't repair anything.
    • g Can you describe it to me?
    • a We have a flat of our own.

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.
    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.
    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.
    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?
    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.
    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.
    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.
    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.
    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.
    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.
    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.
    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.
    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.
    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.
    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.
    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.
    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .
    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.
    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.
    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.
    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.
    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.
    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.
    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.
    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .
    1 How is your family? - your family?
    5 They had been there before. - been there before.
    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.
    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.
    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?
    6 You had better go now. - better go now.
    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.
    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.
    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.
    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?
    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.
    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.
    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.
    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?
    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.
    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.
    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • d It needs to be done.
    • h They've moved to another city.
    • c They pay for living in that room.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.
    • g She's on the ground floor.
    • b I have to park my car outside.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    1 I'll wait there.
    9 Who's looking after them?
    3 Who will do that?
    2 We were watching him.
    10 I've been watching you.
    7 We were eating out.
    8 What were you wearing?
    4 I won't stay.
    5 I was working on it.
    6 I'm feeling tired.

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.
    1 He been watching TV since morning.
    4 There's a high white around our back yard.
    5 I'm really glad to seen you.
    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.
    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.
    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.
    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.
    3 He's in the now taking a shower.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    1 You should've call me yesterday.
    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.
    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.
    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.
    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.
    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.
    5 He's been read it for hours.
    7 I'm glad to have see it.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat
    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge
    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence
    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase
    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home
    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect
    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour
    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable
    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings
    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace
    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room
    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool
    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    5 We'll watch a film.
    12 He was hit by a lorry.
    1 The bill please!
    10 I left it in the boot of my car.
    4 I'll have chips.
    2 I've run out of petrol.
    9 I live in a block of flats.
    6 We live on the second floor.
    7 I've bought new trousers.
    8 We'll take the underground.
    3 I'm hungry, mum!
    11 What's on at the cinema?

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    2 They have a home. - They're .
    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .
    4 They were careful. - They were .
    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .
    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .
    1 She has children. - She's .
    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .
    8 She's female. - He's .
    7 He's powerful. - He's .
    3 She looked happy. - She looked .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.
    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.
    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.
    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.
    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.
    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.
    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.
    12 Srazilo ho auto.
    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.
    13 Víte to jistě?
    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.
    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.
    17 Musel o tom vědět.
    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)
    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.
    8 To rád slyším.
    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.
    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).