Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.
    9 They fell in love at first sight.
    12 We moved in recently.
    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.
    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.
    4 They live in downtown Chicago.
    6 We had to take out a mortgage.
    2 How long have you lived here?
    10 Our landlord increased the rent.
    3 We used to live outside the city.
    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.
    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.
    1 Do you rent or own your home?
    14 Can you describe it in more detail?
    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?
    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?
    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?
    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?
    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?
    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?
    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?
    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?
    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?
    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • c I can't repair anything.
    • e No, but we want to start a family.
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.
    • h No, but we have a large basement.
    • g Can you describe it to me?
    • f We moved in only recently.
    • a We have a flat of our own.
    • b I work from home.

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.
    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.
    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.
    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.
    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.
    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?
    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.
    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.
    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.
    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.
    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.
    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.
    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.
    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.
    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.
    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.
    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.
    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.
    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.
    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.
    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.
    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .
    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.
    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.
    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.
    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .
    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.
    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.
    1 How is your family? - your family?
    6 You had better go now. - better go now.
    5 They had been there before. - been there before.
    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.
    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.
    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.
    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.
    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.
    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.
    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?
    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?
    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.
    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.
    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • b I have to park my car outside.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.
    • h They've moved to another city.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.
    • d It needs to be done.
    • c They pay for living in that room.
    • g She's on the ground floor.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    7 We were eating out.
    6 I'm feeling tired.
    1 I'll wait there.
    5 I was working on it.
    3 Who will do that?
    9 Who's looking after them?
    4 I won't stay.
    10 I've been watching you.
    2 We were watching him.
    8 What were you wearing?

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    1 He been watching TV since morning.
    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.
    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.
    4 There's a high white around our back yard.
    3 He's in the now taking a shower.
    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.
    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.
    5 I'm really glad to seen you.
    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.
    1 You should've call me yesterday.
    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.
    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.
    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.
    5 He's been read it for hours.
    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.
    7 I'm glad to have see it.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge
    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour
    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect
    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable
    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings
    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool
    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace
    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence
    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room
    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat
    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase
    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home
    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    2 I've run out of petrol.
    1 The bill please!
    12 He was hit by a lorry.
    9 I live in a block of flats.
    4 I'll have chips.
    8 We'll take the underground.
    6 We live on the second floor.
    10 I left it in the boot of my car.
    7 I've bought new trousers.
    11 What's on at the cinema?
    3 I'm hungry, mum!
    5 We'll watch a film.

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    2 They have a home. - They're .
    7 He's powerful. - He's .
    8 She's female. - He's .
    4 They were careful. - They were .
    3 She looked happy. - She looked .
    1 She has children. - She's .
    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .
    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .
    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .
    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.
    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.
    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.
    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.
    12 Srazilo ho auto.
    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.
    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)
    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.
    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.
    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.
    13 Víte to jistě?
    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.
    17 Musel o tom vědět.
    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.
    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.
    8 To rád slyším.
    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.
    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).