Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    4 They live in downtown Chicago.
    9 They fell in love at first sight.
    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.
    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.
    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.
    2 How long have you lived here?
    12 We moved in recently.
    1 Do you rent or own your home?
    10 Our landlord increased the rent.
    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.
    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.
    14 Can you describe it in more detail?
    6 We had to take out a mortgage.
    3 We used to live outside the city.
    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?
    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?
    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?
    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?
    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?
    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?
    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?
    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?
    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?
    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • a We have a flat of our own.
    • e No, but we want to start a family.
    • f We moved in only recently.
    • b I work from home.
    • h No, but we have a large basement.
    • g Can you describe it to me?
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.
    • c I can't repair anything.

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.
    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.
    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.
    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.
    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.
    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.
    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?
    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.
    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.
    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.
    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.
    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.
    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.
    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.
    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.
    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.
    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.
    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.
    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.
    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .
    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .
    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.
    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.
    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.
    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.
    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.
    1 How is your family? - your family?
    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.
    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?
    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .
    6 You had better go now. - better go now.
    5 They had been there before. - been there before.

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.
    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?
    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.
    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.
    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.
    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.
    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.
    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?
    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.
    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.
    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • b I have to park my car outside.
    • g She's on the ground floor.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.
    • h They've moved to another city.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.
    • c They pay for living in that room.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.
    • d It needs to be done.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    7 We were eating out.
    9 Who's looking after them?
    1 I'll wait there.
    2 We were watching him.
    5 I was working on it.
    4 I won't stay.
    6 I'm feeling tired.
    10 I've been watching you.
    8 What were you wearing?
    3 Who will do that?

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.
    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.
    1 He been watching TV since morning.
    4 There's a high white around our back yard.
    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.
    5 I'm really glad to seen you.
    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.
    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.
    3 He's in the now taking a shower.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.
    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.
    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.
    1 You should've call me yesterday.
    5 He's been read it for hours.
    7 I'm glad to have see it.
    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.
    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new
    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool
    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase
    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour
    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat
    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings
    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home
    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge
    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect
    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable
    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence
    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace
    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    7 I've bought new trousers.
    12 He was hit by a lorry.
    11 What's on at the cinema?
    3 I'm hungry, mum!
    8 We'll take the underground.
    6 We live on the second floor.
    9 I live in a block of flats.
    2 I've run out of petrol.
    5 We'll watch a film.
    1 The bill please!
    4 I'll have chips.
    10 I left it in the boot of my car.

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .
    2 They have a home. - They're .
    4 They were careful. - They were .
    3 She looked happy. - She looked .
    7 He's powerful. - He's .
    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .
    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .
    8 She's female. - He's .
    1 She has children. - She's .
    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.
    8 To rád slyším.
    12 Srazilo ho auto.
    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.
    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.
    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.
    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.
    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.
    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.
    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.
    17 Musel o tom vědět.
    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.
    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.
    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.
    13 Víte to jistě?
    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)
    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.
    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).