Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    10 Our landlord increased the rent.
    2 How long have you lived here?
    3 We used to live outside the city.
    14 Can you describe it in more detail?
    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.
    1 Do you rent or own your home?
    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.
    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.
    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.
    6 We had to take out a mortgage.
    9 They fell in love at first sight.
    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.
    4 They live in downtown Chicago.
    12 We moved in recently.
    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?
    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?
    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?
    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?
    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?
    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?
    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?
    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?
    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?
    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • h No, but we have a large basement.
    • a We have a flat of our own.
    • e No, but we want to start a family.
    • b I work from home.
    • f We moved in only recently.
    • g Can you describe it to me?
    • c I can't repair anything.
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.
    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.
    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.
    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.
    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.
    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.
    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.
    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?
    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.
    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.
    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.
    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.
    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.
    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.
    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.
    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.
    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.
    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .
    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.
    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .
    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.
    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.
    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.
    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    6 You had better go now. - better go now.
    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.
    1 How is your family? - your family?
    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?
    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.
    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .
    5 They had been there before. - been there before.
    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.
    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.
    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.
    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.
    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.
    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.
    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.
    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.
    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?
    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.
    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.
    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • d It needs to be done.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.
    • h They've moved to another city.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.
    • b I have to park my car outside.
    • g She's on the ground floor.
    • c They pay for living in that room.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    10 I've been watching you.
    5 I was working on it.
    6 I'm feeling tired.
    1 I'll wait there.
    8 What were you wearing?
    7 We were eating out.
    9 Who's looking after them?
    3 Who will do that?
    4 I won't stay.
    2 We were watching him.

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    1 He been watching TV since morning.
    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.
    5 I'm really glad to seen you.
    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.
    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.
    3 He's in the now taking a shower.
    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.
    4 There's a high white around our back yard.
    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.
    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.
    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.
    1 You should've call me yesterday.
    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.
    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.
    5 He's been read it for hours.
    7 I'm glad to have see it.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase
    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home
    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool
    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace
    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence
    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour
    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new
    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable
    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect
    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room
    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge
    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings
    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    1 The bill please!
    12 He was hit by a lorry.
    6 We live on the second floor.
    2 I've run out of petrol.
    10 I left it in the boot of my car.
    11 What's on at the cinema?
    5 We'll watch a film.
    8 We'll take the underground.
    7 I've bought new trousers.
    4 I'll have chips.
    9 I live in a block of flats.
    3 I'm hungry, mum!

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    8 She's female. - He's .
    4 They were careful. - They were .
    3 She looked happy. - She looked .
    2 They have a home. - They're .
    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .
    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .
    7 He's powerful. - He's .
    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .
    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .
    1 She has children. - She's .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.
    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.
    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.
    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.
    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.
    12 Srazilo ho auto.
    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.
    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.
    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.
    8 To rád slyším.
    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.
    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.
    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.
    13 Víte to jistě?
    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)
    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.
    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.
    17 Musel o tom vědět.

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).