Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    12 We moved in recently.
    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.
    9 They fell in love at first sight.
    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.
    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.
    4 They live in downtown Chicago.
    14 Can you describe it in more detail?
    10 Our landlord increased the rent.
    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.
    2 How long have you lived here?
    1 Do you rent or own your home?
    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.
    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.
    3 We used to live outside the city.
    6 We had to take out a mortgage.

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?
    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?
    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?
    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?
    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?
    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?
    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?
    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?
    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?
    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • e No, but we want to start a family.
    • a We have a flat of our own.
    • b I work from home.
    • c I can't repair anything.
    • g Can you describe it to me?
    • f We moved in only recently.
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.
    • h No, but we have a large basement.

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.
    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.
    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?
    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.
    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.
    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.
    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.
    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.
    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.
    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.
    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.
    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.
    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.
    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.
    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.
    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.
    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.
    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.
    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.
    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.
    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .
    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.
    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.
    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .
    1 How is your family? - your family?
    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.
    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.
    6 You had better go now. - better go now.
    5 They had been there before. - been there before.
    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?
    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.
    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?
    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.
    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.
    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.
    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.
    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.
    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.
    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.
    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?
    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.
    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.
    • b I have to park my car outside.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.
    • d It needs to be done.
    • g She's on the ground floor.
    • c They pay for living in that room.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.
    • h They've moved to another city.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    3 Who will do that?
    9 Who's looking after them?
    1 I'll wait there.
    2 We were watching him.
    7 We were eating out.
    10 I've been watching you.
    5 I was working on it.
    6 I'm feeling tired.
    4 I won't stay.
    8 What were you wearing?

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.
    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.
    4 There's a high white around our back yard.
    5 I'm really glad to seen you.
    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.
    3 He's in the now taking a shower.
    1 He been watching TV since morning.
    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.
    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    1 You should've call me yesterday.
    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.
    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.
    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.
    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.
    7 I'm glad to have see it.
    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.
    5 He's been read it for hours.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence
    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase
    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home
    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room
    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings
    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace
    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat
    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new
    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable
    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect
    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge
    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool
    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    4 I'll have chips.
    10 I left it in the boot of my car.
    1 The bill please!
    9 I live in a block of flats.
    7 I've bought new trousers.
    11 What's on at the cinema?
    6 We live on the second floor.
    8 We'll take the underground.
    3 I'm hungry, mum!
    2 I've run out of petrol.
    12 He was hit by a lorry.
    5 We'll watch a film.

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    7 He's powerful. - He's .
    2 They have a home. - They're .
    3 She looked happy. - She looked .
    8 She's female. - He's .
    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .
    1 She has children. - She's .
    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .
    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .
    4 They were careful. - They were .
    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.
    8 To rád slyším.
    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.
    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.
    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.
    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.
    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.
    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.
    12 Srazilo ho auto.
    13 Víte to jistě?
    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.
    17 Musel o tom vědět.
    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.
    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.
    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.
    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.
    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.
    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).