Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    1 Do you rent or own your home?
    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.
    10 Our landlord increased the rent.
    14 Can you describe it in more detail?
    12 We moved in recently.
    3 We used to live outside the city.
    2 How long have you lived here?
    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.
    6 We had to take out a mortgage.
    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.
    9 They fell in love at first sight.
    4 They live in downtown Chicago.
    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.
    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.
    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?
    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?
    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?
    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?
    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?
    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?
    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?
    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?
    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?
    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.
    • g Can you describe it to me?
    • c I can't repair anything.
    • h No, but we have a large basement.
    • e No, but we want to start a family.
    • b I work from home.
    • f We moved in only recently.
    • a We have a flat of our own.

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.
    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?
    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.
    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.
    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.
    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.
    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.
    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.
    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.
    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.
    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.
    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.
    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.
    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.
    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.
    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.
    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.
    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.
    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.
    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.
    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .
    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .
    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.
    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .
    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.
    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?
    6 You had better go now. - better go now.
    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.
    1 How is your family? - your family?
    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.
    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.
    5 They had been there before. - been there before.

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.
    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.
    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.
    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.
    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.
    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.
    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?
    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.
    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.
    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.
    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.
    • h They've moved to another city.
    • c They pay for living in that room.
    • d It needs to be done.
    • g She's on the ground floor.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.
    • b I have to park my car outside.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    1 I'll wait there.
    3 Who will do that?
    7 We were eating out.
    2 We were watching him.
    4 I won't stay.
    10 I've been watching you.
    8 What were you wearing?
    9 Who's looking after them?
    6 I'm feeling tired.
    5 I was working on it.

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    1 He been watching TV since morning.
    5 I'm really glad to seen you.
    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.
    4 There's a high white around our back yard.
    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.
    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.
    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.
    3 He's in the now taking a shower.
    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.
    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.
    5 He's been read it for hours.
    7 I'm glad to have see it.
    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.
    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.
    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.
    1 You should've call me yesterday.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence
    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect
    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace
    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings
    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new
    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat
    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable
    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour
    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home
    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room
    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase
    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool
    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    12 He was hit by a lorry.
    8 We'll take the underground.
    4 I'll have chips.
    2 I've run out of petrol.
    9 I live in a block of flats.
    7 I've bought new trousers.
    10 I left it in the boot of my car.
    1 The bill please!
    11 What's on at the cinema?
    6 We live on the second floor.
    3 I'm hungry, mum!
    5 We'll watch a film.

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    8 She's female. - He's .
    2 They have a home. - They're .
    3 She looked happy. - She looked .
    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .
    7 He's powerful. - He's .
    4 They were careful. - They were .
    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .
    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .
    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .
    1 She has children. - She's .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.
    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)
    12 Srazilo ho auto.
    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.
    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.
    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.
    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.
    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.
    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.
    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.
    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.
    8 To rád slyším.
    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.
    17 Musel o tom vědět.
    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.
    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.
    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.
    13 Víte to jistě?

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).