Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.
    6 We had to take out a mortgage.
    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.
    4 They live in downtown Chicago.
    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.
    10 Our landlord increased the rent.
    14 Can you describe it in more detail?
    9 They fell in love at first sight.
    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.
    12 We moved in recently.
    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.
    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.
    3 We used to live outside the city.
    1 Do you rent or own your home?
    2 How long have you lived here?

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?
    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?
    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?
    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?
    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?
    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?
    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?
    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?
    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?
    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • h No, but we have a large basement.
    • a We have a flat of our own.
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.
    • g Can you describe it to me?
    • c I can't repair anything.
    • e No, but we want to start a family.
    • f We moved in only recently.
    • b I work from home.

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.
    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.
    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?
    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.
    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.
    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.
    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.
    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.
    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.
    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.
    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.
    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.
    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.
    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.
    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.
    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.
    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.
    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.
    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.
    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.
    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.
    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .
    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .
    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    6 You had better go now. - better go now.
    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.
    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.
    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?
    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.
    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.
    5 They had been there before. - been there before.
    1 How is your family? - your family?
    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.
    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.
    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.
    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.
    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.
    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.
    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.
    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?
    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.
    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?
    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • c They pay for living in that room.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.
    • b I have to park my car outside.
    • d It needs to be done.
    • g She's on the ground floor.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.
    • h They've moved to another city.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    8 What were you wearing?
    9 Who's looking after them?
    6 I'm feeling tired.
    5 I was working on it.
    7 We were eating out.
    4 I won't stay.
    2 We were watching him.
    10 I've been watching you.
    3 Who will do that?
    1 I'll wait there.

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    1 He been watching TV since morning.
    4 There's a high white around our back yard.
    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.
    3 He's in the now taking a shower.
    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.
    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.
    5 I'm really glad to seen you.
    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.
    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    1 You should've call me yesterday.
    7 I'm glad to have see it.
    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.
    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.
    5 He's been read it for hours.
    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.
    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.
    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new
    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable
    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room
    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect
    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace
    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool
    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings
    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge
    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase
    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence
    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat
    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home
    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    4 I'll have chips.
    3 I'm hungry, mum!
    7 I've bought new trousers.
    12 He was hit by a lorry.
    1 The bill please!
    11 What's on at the cinema?
    2 I've run out of petrol.
    9 I live in a block of flats.
    8 We'll take the underground.
    10 I left it in the boot of my car.
    6 We live on the second floor.
    5 We'll watch a film.

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    1 She has children. - She's .
    7 He's powerful. - He's .
    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .
    3 She looked happy. - She looked .
    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .
    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .
    8 She's female. - He's .
    2 They have a home. - They're .
    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .
    4 They were careful. - They were .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.
    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.
    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.
    12 Srazilo ho auto.
    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.
    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.
    8 To rád slyším.
    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.
    13 Víte to jistě?
    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.
    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.
    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)
    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.
    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.
    17 Musel o tom vědět.
    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.
    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.
    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).