Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    10 Our landlord increased the rent.
    2 How long have you lived here?
    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.
    4 They live in downtown Chicago.
    1 Do you rent or own your home?
    6 We had to take out a mortgage.
    12 We moved in recently.
    14 Can you describe it in more detail?
    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.
    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.
    3 We used to live outside the city.
    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.
    9 They fell in love at first sight.
    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.
    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?
    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?
    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?
    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?
    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?
    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?
    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?
    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?
    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?
    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • h No, but we have a large basement.
    • b I work from home.
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.
    • f We moved in only recently.
    • g Can you describe it to me?
    • e No, but we want to start a family.
    • a We have a flat of our own.
    • c I can't repair anything.

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.
    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.
    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.
    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.
    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.
    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.
    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.
    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?
    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.
    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.
    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.
    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.
    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.
    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.
    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.
    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.
    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .
    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.
    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.
    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.
    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .
    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.
    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.
    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?
    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.
    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.
    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .
    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.
    5 They had been there before. - been there before.
    6 You had better go now. - better go now.
    1 How is your family? - your family?
    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?
    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.
    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.
    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.
    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.
    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.
    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?
    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.
    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.
    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.
    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • b I have to park my car outside.
    • g She's on the ground floor.
    • c They pay for living in that room.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.
    • d It needs to be done.
    • h They've moved to another city.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    2 We were watching him.
    1 I'll wait there.
    3 Who will do that?
    4 I won't stay.
    7 We were eating out.
    10 I've been watching you.
    9 Who's looking after them?
    5 I was working on it.
    8 What were you wearing?
    6 I'm feeling tired.

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.
    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.
    4 There's a high white around our back yard.
    1 He been watching TV since morning.
    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.
    5 I'm really glad to seen you.
    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.
    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.
    3 He's in the now taking a shower.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.
    5 He's been read it for hours.
    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.
    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.
    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.
    7 I'm glad to have see it.
    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.
    1 You should've call me yesterday.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour
    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence
    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect
    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace
    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings
    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat
    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge
    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room
    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable
    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new
    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool
    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home
    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    11 What's on at the cinema?
    8 We'll take the underground.
    1 The bill please!
    4 I'll have chips.
    9 I live in a block of flats.
    5 We'll watch a film.
    7 I've bought new trousers.
    3 I'm hungry, mum!
    10 I left it in the boot of my car.
    6 We live on the second floor.
    12 He was hit by a lorry.
    2 I've run out of petrol.

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    1 She has children. - She's .
    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .
    7 He's powerful. - He's .
    3 She looked happy. - She looked .
    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .
    2 They have a home. - They're .
    4 They were careful. - They were .
    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .
    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .
    8 She's female. - He's .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    17 Musel o tom vědět.
    13 Víte to jistě?
    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.
    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.
    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.
    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.
    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.
    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.
    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)
    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.
    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.
    8 To rád slyším.
    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.
    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.
    12 Srazilo ho auto.
    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.
    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.
    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).