Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.
    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.
    4 They live in downtown Chicago.
    1 Do you rent or own your home?
    2 How long have you lived here?
    9 They fell in love at first sight.
    3 We used to live outside the city.
    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.
    6 We had to take out a mortgage.
    10 Our landlord increased the rent.
    14 Can you describe it in more detail?
    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.
    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.
    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.
    12 We moved in recently.

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?
    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?
    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?
    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?
    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?
    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?
    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?
    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?
    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?
    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • h No, but we have a large basement.
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.
    • a We have a flat of our own.
    • g Can you describe it to me?
    • e No, but we want to start a family.
    • c I can't repair anything.
    • b I work from home.
    • f We moved in only recently.

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.
    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.
    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.
    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.
    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.
    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.
    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.
    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?
    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.
    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.
    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.
    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.
    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.
    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.
    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.
    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.
    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .
    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.
    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.
    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.
    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.
    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .
    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.
    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.
    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.
    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.
    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.
    5 They had been there before. - been there before.
    1 How is your family? - your family?
    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?
    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .
    6 You had better go now. - better go now.

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.
    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.
    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.
    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.
    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.
    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?
    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.
    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.
    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.
    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.
    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • g She's on the ground floor.
    • c They pay for living in that room.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.
    • h They've moved to another city.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.
    • b I have to park my car outside.
    • d It needs to be done.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    6 I'm feeling tired.
    3 Who will do that?
    2 We were watching him.
    5 I was working on it.
    9 Who's looking after them?
    7 We were eating out.
    1 I'll wait there.
    4 I won't stay.
    8 What were you wearing?
    10 I've been watching you.

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    5 I'm really glad to seen you.
    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.
    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.
    4 There's a high white around our back yard.
    1 He been watching TV since morning.
    3 He's in the now taking a shower.
    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.
    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.
    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    7 I'm glad to have see it.
    5 He's been read it for hours.
    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.
    1 You should've call me yesterday.
    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.
    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.
    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.
    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour
    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool
    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home
    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room
    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace
    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new
    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect
    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence
    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge
    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase
    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable
    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat
    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    3 I'm hungry, mum!
    2 I've run out of petrol.
    4 I'll have chips.
    12 He was hit by a lorry.
    6 We live on the second floor.
    9 I live in a block of flats.
    1 The bill please!
    11 What's on at the cinema?
    5 We'll watch a film.
    10 I left it in the boot of my car.
    8 We'll take the underground.
    7 I've bought new trousers.

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .
    7 He's powerful. - He's .
    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .
    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .
    2 They have a home. - They're .
    4 They were careful. - They were .
    3 She looked happy. - She looked .
    1 She has children. - She's .
    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .
    8 She's female. - He's .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.
    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.
    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.
    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)
    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.
    13 Víte to jistě?
    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.
    12 Srazilo ho auto.
    17 Musel o tom vědět.
    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.
    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.
    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.
    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.
    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.
    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.
    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.
    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.
    8 To rád slyším.

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).