Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Přeložte.

    3 We used to live outside the city.
    11 The rent went up by 30 per cent.
    1 Do you rent or own your home?
    7 We'll be repaying it for 20 years.
    6 We had to take out a mortgage.
    4 They live in downtown Chicago.
    14 Can you describe it in more detail?
    8 They spent a lot of money on furniture.
    13 I'll give you a tour of the house.
    15 We'll have a barbecue in the backyard.
    5 We don't have enough savings to buy a house.
    2 How long have you lived here?
    12 We moved in recently.
    9 They fell in love at first sight.
    10 Our landlord increased the rent.

    Rooms to rent jsou pokoje k pronájmu a House for sale je dům na prodej.

    Exercise 2

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    • Odpovězte na otázky podle úvodních článků.

    6 How many cars can be parked in their garage?
    9 Do the Johnsons want to have more children?
    2 How much has the landlord increased the rent?
    7 Did the Johnsons live together before their marriage?
    5 Did the Johnsons keep their old downtown apartment?
    8 Which room in the Johnsons' house has a balcony?
    1 How many miles does he travel to work and back every day?
    10 Does Mrs Johnson like cooking?
    3 Is it true that the Johnsons are both American by birth?
    4 How long has Mrs Johnson been married to Mr Johnson?

    Běžný idiom keep up with the Joneses lze přeložit jako “držet krok s ostatními”, nebo “nenechat se zahanbit sousedy”, tedy snažit se mít za každou cenu všechno to, co mají i lidé kolem. Fráze keep up with znamená držet krok s či stačit (komu).

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 I'm really bad at DIY.
    • 2 Is there an attic in your house?
    • 3 Do you have kids?
    • 4 Do you rent or own?
    • 5 I don't commute.
    • 6 We don't have enough savings.
    • 7 How long have you lived here?
    • 8 What does it look like?
    • d We'll have to take out a mortgage.
    • g Can you describe it to me?
    • f We moved in only recently.
    • e No, but we want to start a family.
    • c I can't repair anything.
    • h No, but we have a large basement.
    • b I work from home.
    • a We have a flat of our own.

    Zkratka DIY pochází ze spojení do-it-yourself (udělej to sám). Může fungovat i jako přídavné jméno. Např.: DIY man je kutil, DIY shop je prodejna pro kutily ap.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    8 They don't have their own home. They live in suburbs/utilities/lodgings.
    5 I'm afraid our bus is late. - No, it's on/at/in schedule.
    1 I didn't plan on meeting him. We met of/by/in accident.
    6 I know that for true/sure/hard. I heard him saying that.
    10 Are you coming to the party? - No, I'm not in the sight/mood/case for it.
    7 I can't go there tonight. Can you go there instead at/in/of me?
    2 We didn't get anything in/on/at return for our help.
    9 I paid 37 dollars instead of 31. They exchanged/overcharged/tipped me.
    4 They saved him at/of/from being homeless.
    3 There was no one else with him. He was all in/on/by himself.

    We have people coming over. znamená: Má k nám někdo přijít., Budeme mít návštěvu. ap. My friends are coming over. - Přijdou ke mně kamarádi.

    Exercise 5

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    • Poslechněte si nahrávku a určete, zda je tvrzení pravdivé (true), nebo nepravdivé (false).

    1 There's no front yard at the Johnsons' house.
    7 Guests can sleep on the second floor of their house.
    5 They'll be repaying their mortgage for more than 15 years.
    4 The Johnsons already have two kids.
    3 The home prices are higher now than they were 5 years ago.
    2 Mr Johnson is quite good at DIY.
    6 They bought a house which they liked at first sight.
    8 Up to eight people can eat in the kitchen.

    Exercise 6

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    • Doplňte chybějící část překladu.

    2 Majitel zvýšil nájem. The landlord has the rent.
    8 Rádi by založili rodinu. They'd like to a family.
    7 Je to třípokojový byt. It's a flat.
    6 Pracuji na půl úvazku z domu. I work from home.
    3 Bydlel jsem v podnájmu. I lived in .
    4 Máme prostorný obývák. We have a spacious room.
    5 Potřebuji vlastní pokoj. I need a room of my .
    1 Bydlíme v nájmu v malém bytě. We a small flat.

    Start znamená česky nejen začít, ale také něco založit nebo rozjet. Např.: start a business - rozjet podnikání, He started a company. - Založil firmu. ap.

    Exercise 7

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    • Přepište věty pomocí stažených tvarů.

    8 I would love to see it. - love to see it.
    4 He has done a bad thing. - done a bad thing.
    7 I cannot tell you. He would be angry. - I tell you. be angry.
    6 You had better go now. - better go now.
    1 How is your family? - your family?
    9 I would have come but I could not. - I come but I .
    2 How has he been doing? - he been doing?
    3 He is really sorry. - really sorry.
    5 They had been there before. - been there before.

    Exercise 8

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    • Vyberte vhodná slova.

    2 It can be very dangerous. You should be careless/cared/careful.
    10 Take the underground if you don't want to be stuck in a traffic ham/jam/yard.
    8 You should book the tickets on/at/in advance.
    5 I'm sorry for not had/have/having replied before.
    11 A one-room flat is usually called a lounge/studio/living apartment in American English.
    6 I had it repaired. - How much did they cost/charge/price you for that?
    4 We love water. We had a fence/lounge/pool built behind the house.
    3 How do you deal of/after/with commuting and traffic jams?
    9 He has to go in/on/by car. He feels sick when travelling in/by/on the bus.
    1 I can't do anything. I'm powerless/powerful/powering.
    7 It must have cost/costed/costing a lot of money.

    Be stuck znamená vězet (nemoci pryč). Get stuck (změna stavu) je potom česky zůstat vězet/trčet. Např.: I got stuck in jam. - Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.

    Exercise 9

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    • Spojte výroky, které znamenají přibližně totéž.

    • 1 She's downstairs.
    • 2 She loves cooking.
    • 3 They don't live here anymore.
    • 4 Utility costs have gone up.
    • 5 Someone has to do it.
    • 6 They took out a mortgage.
    • 7 They live in lodgings.
    • 8 There's no garage in my house.
    • g She's on the ground floor.
    • e It's more expensive to use the flat now.
    • b I have to park my car outside.
    • c They pay for living in that room.
    • d It needs to be done.
    • f She's in the kitchen all the time.
    • h They've moved to another city.
    • a They borrowed money from a bank.

    Pozor! Půjčit něco někomu je lend (something to somebody), ale (vy)půjčit si něco od někoho je borrow (something from somebody). Např.: Can you lend me your car? - Můžeš mi půjčit auto? ALE Can I borrow your car? - Mohu si vypůjčit tvé auto? Sloveso lend je nepravidelné: lent (PT) - lent (PP).

    Exercise 10

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    • Převeďte věty do času budoucího průběhového. Všímejte si analogií časů.

    4 I won't stay.
    7 We were eating out.
    9 Who's looking after them?
    10 I've been watching you.
    5 I was working on it.
    2 We were watching him.
    6 I'm feeling tired.
    8 What were you wearing?
    3 Who will do that?
    1 I'll wait there.

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící slova.

    9 There'll be a double for me and my husband in the bedroom.
    5 I'm really glad to seen you.
    8 There's a lot of for storing things in the basement.
    3 He's in the now taking a shower.
    2 There's a in our house because we like to sit by the fire.
    1 He been watching TV since morning.
    6 We have a big dining table. It can be used by to 8 people.
    7 There's a fireplace and a TV in the room downstairs.
    4 There's a high white around our back yard.

    Pozor na rozdílné termíny: double bed - manželská postel (dvojlůžko) ALE twin bed jsou dvě samostatná lůžka (na hotelovém pokoji ap.) Twin twɪn je česky dvojče.

    Exercise 12

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slov z nápovědy.

    8 She's be married to him for 10 years.
    4 We've own the house for some 10 years.
    1 You should've call me yesterday.
    7 I'm glad to have see it.
    6 We didn't have money so we have to take out a mortgage.
    5 He's been read it for hours.
    2 I'd speak with him it before she arrived.
    3 I'd help her right now if she ask me.

    Exercise 13

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    8 Domácí zvýšil nájem o 10 procent.
    increase
    13 Naúčtovali mi víc. (při placení)
    overcharge
    6 Budou vás očekávat.
    expect
    5 Rádi sedí u krbu.
    fireplace
    12 Je skoro nemožné najít dostupné bydlení.
    affordable
    3 Nechali si postavit bazén.
    pool
    9 Potřebují vlastní bydlení.
    home
    4 Utratili všechny své úspory.
    savings
    1 Kolem zahrady je vysoký plot.
    fence
    10 Nechali si postavit zbrusu nový dům.
    brand-new
    11 Provedu vás po domě.
    give, tour
    2 Dole (v přízemí) je velký obývák.
    living room
    7 Bydlí v nájmu v třípokojovém bytě.
    two-bedroom flat

    Realtor je v americké angličtině realitní makléř či přeneseně realitka. Např. We sold our home through a realtor. - Prodali jsme dům přes realitku. V Británii se užívá spíše termín estate agent ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənt resp. estate agency ɪˈsteɪtˈeɪdʒənsɪ.

    Exercise 14

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    • Přepište věty z britské do americké angličtiny.

    3 I'm hungry, mum!
    6 We live on the second floor.
    2 I've run out of petrol.
    10 I left it in the boot of my car.
    7 I've bought new trousers.
    9 I live in a block of flats.
    12 He was hit by a lorry.
    4 I'll have chips.
    5 We'll watch a film.
    8 We'll take the underground.
    11 What's on at the cinema?
    1 The bill please!

    Obrat: be hit by se běžně užívá, když někoho srazí vozidlo ap. Např.: She was hit by a passing car. - Srazilo ji projíždějící auto.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte věty tak, aby měly opačný význam. Kde lze, použijte odvozování pomocí předpon a přípon.

    4 They were careful. - They were .
    5 It'll be painful. - It'll be .
    2 They have a home. - They're .
    6 Their names are known. - Their names are .
    8 She's female. - He's .
    7 He's powerful. - He's .
    9 He became a waiter. - She became a .
    10 We met three Englishmen. - We met three .
    3 She looked happy. - She looked .
    1 She has children. - She's .

    Neighbourhood ˈneɪbəˌhʊd lze přeložit jako sousedství, ale je to v podstatě i čtvrť nebo část města, kde někdo bydlí. Např. in our neighbourhood - tam u nás (kde bydlíme.) Pravopis v americké angličtině je neighborhood stejně jako u slova neighbour - (v americké angličtině) neighbor ap.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přeložte.

    14 Udělal jsem to omylem.
    8 To rád slyším.
    5 Vzali jsme si hypotéku.
    6 Budu nahoře. (v patře)
    3 Splnili jsme si svůj sen.
    11 Byla to láska na první pohled.
    7 Stěhujeme se do jiného města.
    12 Srazilo ho auto.
    13 Víte to jistě?
    16 Zůstal jsem trčet v zácpě.
    4 Každý den dojíždím do práce.
    2 Bydlí teď mimo město.
    17 Musel o tom vědět.
    9 Bydlím tady už 5 let.
    1 Přestěhovali se do nového domu.
    18 Měl jsi mi to říct.
    10 Bude muset bydlet v podnájmu.
    15 Potkali jsme se náhodou.

    Termín landlord (land - zem + lord - pán) se obecně užívá pro majitele nemovitosti, který ji pronajímá. Ale pozor! Žena majitelka je landlady ˈlændˌleɪdɪ. Nájemník je anglicky tenant ˈtεnənt. Nájem jako smluvní vztah je lease liːs.

    Sunbathe (opalovat se) je v angličtině v podstatě doslova “koupat se ve slunci” nebo “brát sluneční lázeň”: sun (slunce) + bathe beɪð (koupat se).