Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte.

    18 Have some!
    20 I have to go.
    2 What's your name?
    15 Can you help us?
    9 That's my sister's car.
    14 Shall we go?
    12 That's not true!
    7 Is there anybody here?
    13 What will you do?
    8 Are they waiting for me?
    1 He's a learner of English.
    5 I'm not from here.
    19 I hope not.
    4 My name is ...
    3 Let me introduce myself.
    11 How much is it?
    6 Where are you from?
    16 We can't wait.
    10 There are many foreigners here.
    17 You'll have to ask him.

    Exercise 2

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    3 876.7
    6 86.05
    8 17,999.5
    10 14,064,559
    2 267 people
    1 45 children
    7 2,568
    9 376,750
    4 16.78
    5 3.06

    V angličtině lze vyslovovat vyšší číslovky i pomocí násobku celých stovek, a to i pro čísla nad 2000. Např. 1,200 - twelve hundred, 2,500 - twenty-five hundred ap. Místo slova number se před číslem často píše No. či no.

    Exercise 3

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    • Napište věty, které uslyšíte.

    6
    3
    2
    5
    1
    12
    4
    8
    10
    7
    9
    11

    Exercise 4

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    • Spojte výroky. Naučte se názvy zemí a pojmenování jejich příslušníků.

    • 1 John is English.
    • 2 Lucia is Spanish.
    • 3 Ivan is Russian.
    • 4 Helga and Kurt are German.
    • 5 Bob and Jane are American.
    • 6 Keiko is Japanese.
    • 7 Cheng is Chinese.
    • 8 Luis and Jean are French.
    • 9 Mark and Alison are Irish.
    • 10 Paolo and Valeria are Italian.
    • f She's from Spain.
    • e They're from Italy.
    • g They're from the USA.
    • b He's from China.
    • d He's from England.
    • c They're from Germany.
    • i They're from France.
    • a They're from Ireland.
    • h He's from Russia.
    • j She's from Japan.

    Další národnosti a státní příslušníky si můžete najít ve slovníku. Nestandardní jsou ale například: dánský - Danish ˈdeɪnɪʃ, ale Dán je Dane deɪn, španělský - Spanish spænɪʃ, ale Španěl je Spaniard ˈspænjəd. My ale už víme, že: “Je to Španěl.” lze říct jednoduše pomocí adjektiva: He's Spanish. Stačí si uvědomit, kdy užít anglické podstatné jméno a kdy adjektivum.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu správná zájmena.

    4 Call your parents and ask . They'll tell you.
    12 I need to speak with him. Tell him to call .
    3 Our dog is hungry. We must give some food.
    7 Who's that boy? What's name?
    9 Can I speak to , John?
    1 There's my brother. Go ask .
    10 Look. There's Bob's sister! No, that's not . She has dark hair.
    8 Our kids are too young. We can't take with us.
    6 We aren't ready. Can you wait for ?
    5 Here's your milk. Drink now!
    11 We must know this. Please, let know.
    2 My sister is going out tonight. I'm going with .

    Need to se užívá i jako muset (nutnost plynoucí z okolností). Např.: You need to stop it. - Musíš toho nechat., You need to listen to me. - Musíš mě poslouchat.

    Exercise 6

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    • Uspořádejte slova do vět podle běžného anglického slovosledu.

    7 back - will - we - be - about - six - at - p.m.
    5 will - I - it - tell - tomorrow - him - about.
    6 your - do - homework - when - you - will?
    3 her - tell - about - don't - it!
    2 long - it - take - will - how?
    4 you - the - tonight - coming - party - to - are?
    8 like - weather - is - what - the - today?
    1 speak - to - need - I - you - to.

    Exercise 7

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    • Doplňte do věty vhodné tvary slovesa be v přítomném čase.

    8 Water good for you.
    2 There lots of children.
    4 I must hurry. My children waiting for me.
    7 Our children too young for that.
    10 Why you laughing?
    6 I not afraid of you.
    11 How much money there? There 15 dollars.
    1 Peter, you coming to the party tonight?
    12 It true! He lying!
    9 I right? No, you wrong!
    3 What going on?
    5 these books yours?

    Do you get the joke? - Rozumíte vtipu? (Můžete užít slovník.): I have 10 legs, 8 arms and 3 heads. What am I? - A liar!

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte podle nápovědy správné tvary přivlastňovacích zájmen.

    3 There are many parents with they children.
    9 He's a good friend of I .
    2 You can't have it. It isn't you .
    6 He can't call you. he phone isn't working.
    1 What's that girl's name? she name is Jane.
    4 It'll be at our house, not they .
    5 Is that your dog? What's it name?
    7 The kids are hungry. They want they food.
    8 I phone isn't working. Can I use you ?
    10 We want something for we children.

    Exercise 9

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    4 My sister is six feet long/tall/big.
    11 We're leaving/going/walking out tonight.
    13 Come for/to/on! We must hurry. We'll be late in/for/to school.
    1 How much/old/tall is your dad? – He's 43.
    8 Don't lie! Tell me the true/truth/right.
    5 What book are you watching/looking/reading?
    12 We'll meet in/at/on my place in/at/on 6 p.m.
    9 Will you get/let/give me know?
    6 I'm looking/seeing/watching TV now.
    2 Which/Who/What are you looking for? – I'm looking for you.
    10 I'm making/doing/putting my best. It'll be ready in/at/on 30 minutes.
    3 How much/many/little people will there be?
    14 Is it long/far/short from here?. No, you can walk there.
    7 There will be not/no/any foreigners.

    Jít pěšky lze anglicky říct prostě jen walk, nebo také go on foot (jít na noze).

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte do věty much nebo many.

    4 There isn't milk here.
    9 How is this car?
    10 There are too cars.
    7 How friends are coming?
    2 There won't be people.
    5 That's too information.
    8 Hurry up. There isn't time.
    1 How money will you need?
    6 How luggage have you got?
    3 They've got kids and very little time.

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte do věty záporné stažené tvary slovesa be v přítomném čase.

    10 Why you at school?
    8 There many foreigners there.
    5 There any kids.
    7 We very happy.
    11 English phrases easy.
    6 This book mine.
    1 I ready.
    9 There any money.
    3 My brother here.
    4 His parents glad.
    2 She my sister.

    Exercise 12

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    1 John is leaving tomorrow.
    10 I'm not listening to you.
    8 Mark is visiting his friend.
    12 We're going out tonight.
    4 I'm writing an e-mail.
    9 I'm watching a film on TV.
    3 Jane is still sleeping.
    6 We're going on holiday.
    5 They're playing a game.
    2 He's reading a book.
    11 My friends are having fun.
    7 Jane and Bob are coming.

    Exercise 13

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    • Doplňte určité a neurčité členy, kde jsou třeba.

    3 British are nice people.
    6 Can I have little water?
    8 She's good friend of mine.
    2 Bob is American. He has house in USA.
    5 There's lot of water in sea.
    1 Jane is nice girl. She's British.
    9 Jean is French. He's French student.
    4 The Thames is river in Britain.
    7 There are ten cats in house.
    11 I'll take taxi to work.
    10 My friends are Irish. They're from Ireland.

    Taxík (taxi) se též nazývá cab kæb, což je původní název pro drožku. Metro v britské angličtině je the underground ˈʌndəˌgraʊnd (podzemka) a londýnskému metru se říká the tube tjuːb. Let's take the tube. tedy v Londýně znamená “Pojedeme metrem.” V USA říkají metru subway ˈsʌbˌweɪ, ale v Británii je subway podchod!

    Exercise 14

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    • Spojte otázky a reakce.

    • 1 Am I disturbing you?
    • 2 What time will you be back?
    • 3 Shall we walk?
    • 4 Who are you looking for?
    • 5 Are you going on holiday?
    • 6 Is he American?
    • 7 How long will it take?
    • 8 What will you drink?
    • c It'll be ready tomorrow.
    • f I need to speak to Mr Brown.
    • d No, come in!
    • b Yes, we're going to the seaside.
    • a No, we'll take a taxi.
    • g I'll leave that to you.
    • e No, I think he's British.
    • h At about half past six.

    Zapamatujte si užitečný obrat: I'll leave that to you. - To nechám na vás. Podobně: Leave that to me. - Nech(te) to na mě.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte some, nebo any.

    6 We haven't got milk.
    7 Have you got pets?
    3 Are there kids here?
    10 Can he speak foreign languages?
    9 I can't see children.
    5 Can you give me money?
    8 of them are students.
    2 Can I have water?
    1 We need time.
    4 There aren't people.

    Exercise 16

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    • Převeďte věty z času přítomného do budoucího prostého.

    1 They are going on holiday.
    12 We must do it.
    11 I can't come.
    4 I'm leaving in ten minutes.
    10 Who's coming?
    9 What are you doing?
    8 When are we leaving?
    3 My mum is making dinner.
    5 We are meeting at my place.
    7 We aren't at home.
    2 He isn't sleeping at home.
    6 He's not afraid.

    Exercise 17

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    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    12 Dám mu vědět. let know
    8 Je něco k jídlu? anything to eat
    11 Nejsou tam žádní lidé. no
    13 Kolik je hodin? what time
    15 Já nespím! sleep
    1 Angličtina je snadná. easy
    14 Kdy přijedou? arrive
    6 Kdy odjíždíš? leave
    10 Jsou tam nějaké děti? any
    9 Kde se sejdeme? meet
    5 Posloucháš mě? listen
    3 Neumím anglicky. speak
    7 Je málo času. little
    2 Učím se anglicky. learn
    4 Pomůžeš mi? help

    Spát je anglicky to sleep, ale běžně lze užít i obrat be asleep əˈsliːp. Lze říct: He's sleeping., nebo He's asleep., Are you sleeping? nebo Are you asleep?

    Exercise 18

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Grass in spring is
    • 2 Bananas are
    • 3 Chocolate is
    • 4 The sky at night is
    • 5 Good tomatoes are
    • 6 The sea is
    • 7 Oranges are
    • 8 Snow is
    • c red.
    • e yellow.
    • f green.
    • h black.
    • g blue.
    • a brown.
    • b white.
    • d orange.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte slovo opačného významu.

    5 His English is very good, but mine is .
    4 Now we are young, but we'll be too.
    1 English is easy, but Japanese is .
    6 She's sad and he's .
    3 I'm cold and she's . I'm tall and she's .
    7 There will be many men but only women.
    2 My brother is little and I am .
    8 There's too much work and too time.

    Exercise 20

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    2 She'll be back in/for/on an hour.
    7 Don't call me in/at/on night.
    10 We go there on/to/at weekends.
    9 I'll call you on/at/in the morning.
    12 She'll be here in/at/to five p.m. I'll speak on/to/at her.
    4 What are you doing in/at/on Monday?
    8 Where is he to/for/from?
    5 It's half to/past/at six. I'm going to/at/for work.
    3 We'll meet in/at/on my place in/at/on the evening.
    11 It isn't far of/from/to here. We'll be there at/in/to time.
    1 Look at/on/to him. He's afraid at/to/of you.
    6 That's the house at/of/to my parents.

    Speak se pojí s předložkou to nebo with (mluvit s někým). Speak to obecně naznačuje spíše snahu o jednostrannou komunikaci (mluvit k někomu, z pozice autority ap.). Např.: I'll speak to him. - Promluvím (si) s ním. (domluvím mu ap.). Speak with naznačuje hlavně dialog. Např.: I'll speak with him. - Budu s ním mluvit.

    Exercise 21

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu správné tvary sloves.

    9 Stop it! It's get on my nerves.
    3 My brother speak four languages.
    2 Why are you sit here?
    1 A man is wait there for you.
    12 We'll go shop tomorrow.
    8 They not be now. They be back soon.
    5 My mum have no time.
    4 We're just work on it. It be ready soon.
    6 Who know about it? I let you know.
    7 How are you feel ?
    11 I want see it. Can you show it to me?
    13 Mark enjoy his work.
    10 What are you read ? My dad read a lot.

    České sloveso bavit (co, koho) lze často přeložit anglickým enjoy (těšit se z něčeho, užívat si něco) nebo like (mít rád, líbit se). Je však třeba mít na paměti, že proti češtině dochází u těchto sloves k obrácení podmětu a přísudku! Tedy ne, že něco baví někoho, ale někdo má rád / užívá si něco. Např.: “Baví mě to.” - I enjoy it. ap. Když něco někoho už nebaví, většinou se užije obratu be tired of ..., tedy, že už je někdo z něčeho unavený. Např.: “Už mě to nebaví.” - I'm tired of it.

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte překlady vět.

    8 Neříkej mu to, prosím! Please tell him!
    5 Kolik je ti let? How are you?
    3 Bob má spoustu přátel. Bob a lot of friends.
    11 Udělám, co budu moci. I'll do my .
    17 Bydlím v hotelu. I'm in a hotel.
    15 Dnes večer jdeme někam ven. We're going out .
    13 Mohu dál? - Samozřejmě! Can I in? - Of  !
    16 Přidáte se k nám? Will you us?
    7 Vypadá to na déšť. It looks rain.
    1 Odkud jste? Where are you ?
    2 Odjíždíme za 2 dny. We're in two days.
    14 Mohu se tě na něco zeptat? May I you something?
    6 Promiňte, že jdu pozdě. Sorry, I'm .
    9 Uděláš to pro mě? you do it for me?
    18 Užij(te) si to tam! your stay!
    4 Jane o tom ví. Jane about it.
    10 V kolik hodin přijdeš? What will you come?
    12 Jak je vysoký? How is he?

    Všimněte si, jak logicky jsou tvořena slovíčka: something - some+thing (nějaká věc - něco), nothing - no+thing (žádná věc - nic), everything - every+thing (každá věc - všechno) a anything - any+thing (jakákoli věc - cokoli). Podobně fungují slova somebody (někdo), nobody (nikdo), everybody (každý) a anybody (kdokoli). Snadno se tak naučíte hned několik užitečných slov.

    Exercise 23

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    • Doplňte vhodná slova.

    2 How is she? – She's 35.
    11 I'll be back soon. Will you for me?
    10 Sorry, I have no time. I'm very now.
    6 He isn't here now. We will to wait for him.
    7 We're waiting you! You are again.
    5 What's the like? – It's raining again.
    1 I'm not afraid him. He's my friend.
    4 are you? – I'm fine. Thanks.
    12 on! Hurry . You'll be late school again!
    9 Can I with you? – No, you'll stay here.
    14 I'm leaving for London. – Have a safe !
    8 He's ! – No, he's wrong!
    3 What are the kids doing? – They're some games.
    13 Shall we go bus or car? – We'll a taxi.

    Ke slovesu leave (odejít či odjet kam) se váže předložka for, ne to, jak by si Čech mohl myslet! Leave v podstatě říká, že někdo opouští jedno místo pro jiné. Např.: I'm leaving Prague for London. - “Odjíždím z Prahy do Londýna.” Pokud po leave následuje to, je to spíše částice uvozující infinitiv, který vyjadřuje účel. Např.: He's leaving Prague to work in New York. - Odjíždí z Prahy pracovat do New Yorku.

    Exercise 24

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    1 Kam jedeš na dovolenou?
    2 Nečekejte na mne.
    10 Jsem Čech.
    3 Dejte se druhou ulicí vlevo.
    8 Přijdeš?
    18 Je mi horko.
    19 Vstupte!; Dále!
    20 Šťastnou cestu!
    14 Co si dáte? (k jídlu ap.)
    5 Zdržíme se tři dny.
    9 Chci navštívit přítele v Londýně.
    13 Bude to stačit?
    4 Bydlíme v hotelu.
    15 Jak dlouho to potrvá?
    6 Vezmeme si taxi.
    16 Nejsem připravený.
    12 Požádám ho o pomoc.
    11 Půjdeme?
    7 Čekáte na někoho?
    17 Budete muset počkat.

    Sloveso may meɪ znamená “smět”, ale užívá se také k vyjádření potenciální možnosti či nejistoty (možná, snad ap.). Např.: You may be right. - “Možná máš pravdu”, We may go to ... - “Mohli bychom třeba jít do...”, I may be back soon. - “Možná budu brzy zpět.” ap. Více viz tvary might a may v Lekci 14.