Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte.

    1 He's a learner of English.
    20 I have to go.
    15 Can you help us?
    14 Shall we go?
    16 We can't wait.
    12 That's not true!
    5 I'm not from here.
    3 Let me introduce myself.
    6 Where are you from?
    2 What's your name?
    4 My name is ...
    8 Are they waiting for me?
    13 What will you do?
    19 I hope not.
    17 You'll have to ask him.
    10 There are many foreigners here.
    18 Have some!
    11 How much is it?
    9 That's my sister's car.
    7 Is there anybody here?

    Exercise 2

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    5 3.06
    1 45 children
    2 267 people
    6 86.05
    9 376,750
    8 17,999.5
    4 16.78
    10 14,064,559
    7 2,568
    3 876.7

    V angličtině lze vyslovovat vyšší číslovky i pomocí násobku celých stovek, a to i pro čísla nad 2000. Např. 1,200 - twelve hundred, 2,500 - twenty-five hundred ap. Místo slova number se před číslem často píše No. či no.

    Exercise 3

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    • Napište věty, které uslyšíte.

    6
    7
    5
    4
    3
    8
    10
    1
    11
    9
    2
    12

    Exercise 4

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    • Spojte výroky. Naučte se názvy zemí a pojmenování jejich příslušníků.

    • 1 John is English.
    • 2 Lucia is Spanish.
    • 3 Ivan is Russian.
    • 4 Helga and Kurt are German.
    • 5 Bob and Jane are American.
    • 6 Keiko is Japanese.
    • 7 Cheng is Chinese.
    • 8 Luis and Jean are French.
    • 9 Mark and Alison are Irish.
    • 10 Paolo and Valeria are Italian.
    • h He's from Russia.
    • i They're from France.
    • f She's from Spain.
    • e They're from Italy.
    • g They're from the USA.
    • a They're from Ireland.
    • d He's from England.
    • c They're from Germany.
    • j She's from Japan.
    • b He's from China.

    Další národnosti a státní příslušníky si můžete najít ve slovníku. Nestandardní jsou ale například: dánský - Danish ˈdeɪnɪʃ, ale Dán je Dane deɪn, španělský - Spanish spænɪʃ, ale Španěl je Spaniard ˈspænjəd. My ale už víme, že: “Je to Španěl.” lze říct jednoduše pomocí adjektiva: He's Spanish. Stačí si uvědomit, kdy užít anglické podstatné jméno a kdy adjektivum.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu správná zájmena.

    2 My sister is going out tonight. I'm going with .
    12 I need to speak with him. Tell him to call .
    9 Can I speak to , John?
    10 Look. There's Bob's sister! No, that's not . She has dark hair.
    5 Here's your milk. Drink now!
    3 Our dog is hungry. We must give some food.
    4 Call your parents and ask . They'll tell you.
    11 We must know this. Please, let know.
    7 Who's that boy? What's name?
    8 Our kids are too young. We can't take with us.
    6 We aren't ready. Can you wait for ?
    1 There's my brother. Go ask .

    Need to se užívá i jako muset (nutnost plynoucí z okolností). Např.: You need to stop it. - Musíš toho nechat., You need to listen to me. - Musíš mě poslouchat.

    Exercise 6

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    • Uspořádejte slova do vět podle běžného anglického slovosledu.

    1 speak - to - need - I - you - to.
    4 you - the - tonight - coming - party - to - are?
    3 her - tell - about - don't - it!
    5 will - I - it - tell - tomorrow - him - about.
    2 long - it - take - will - how?
    7 back - will - we - be - about - six - at - p.m.
    8 like - weather - is - what - the - today?
    6 your - do - homework - when - you - will?

    Exercise 7

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    • Doplňte do věty vhodné tvary slovesa be v přítomném čase.

    4 I must hurry. My children waiting for me.
    10 Why you laughing?
    3 What going on?
    2 There lots of children.
    6 I not afraid of you.
    8 Water good for you.
    7 Our children too young for that.
    11 How much money there? There 15 dollars.
    1 Peter, you coming to the party tonight?
    5 these books yours?
    9 I right? No, you wrong!
    12 It true! He lying!

    Do you get the joke? - Rozumíte vtipu? (Můžete užít slovník.): I have 10 legs, 8 arms and 3 heads. What am I? - A liar!

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte podle nápovědy správné tvary přivlastňovacích zájmen.

    2 You can't have it. It isn't you .
    8 I phone isn't working. Can I use you ?
    4 It'll be at our house, not they .
    9 He's a good friend of I .
    10 We want something for we children.
    5 Is that your dog? What's it name?
    7 The kids are hungry. They want they food.
    6 He can't call you. he phone isn't working.
    1 What's that girl's name? she name is Jane.
    3 There are many parents with they children.

    Exercise 9

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    6 I'm looking/seeing/watching TV now.
    14 Is it long/far/short from here?. No, you can walk there.
    11 We're leaving/going/walking out tonight.
    12 We'll meet in/at/on my place in/at/on 6 p.m.
    7 There will be not/no/any foreigners.
    1 How much/old/tall is your dad? – He's 43.
    10 I'm making/doing/putting my best. It'll be ready in/at/on 30 minutes.
    13 Come for/to/on! We must hurry. We'll be late in/for/to school.
    2 Which/Who/What are you looking for? – I'm looking for you.
    5 What book are you watching/looking/reading?
    9 Will you get/let/give me know?
    8 Don't lie! Tell me the true/truth/right.
    4 My sister is six feet long/tall/big.
    3 How much/many/little people will there be?

    Jít pěšky lze anglicky říct prostě jen walk, nebo také go on foot (jít na noze).

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte do věty much nebo many.

    5 That's too information.
    9 How is this car?
    7 How friends are coming?
    2 There won't be people.
    6 How luggage have you got?
    3 They've got kids and very little time.
    1 How money will you need?
    4 There isn't milk here.
    10 There are too cars.
    8 Hurry up. There isn't time.

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte do věty záporné stažené tvary slovesa be v přítomném čase.

    3 My brother here.
    9 There any money.
    8 There many foreigners there.
    6 This book mine.
    2 She my sister.
    11 English phrases easy.
    5 There any kids.
    1 I ready.
    4 His parents glad.
    10 Why you at school?
    7 We very happy.

    Exercise 12

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    12 We're going out tonight.
    9 I'm watching a film on TV.
    5 They're playing a game.
    10 I'm not listening to you.
    7 Jane and Bob are coming.
    8 Mark is visiting his friend.
    3 Jane is still sleeping.
    4 I'm writing an e-mail.
    6 We're going on holiday.
    11 My friends are having fun.
    2 He's reading a book.
    1 John is leaving tomorrow.

    Exercise 13

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    • Doplňte určité a neurčité členy, kde jsou třeba.

    2 Bob is American. He has house in USA.
    8 She's good friend of mine.
    1 Jane is nice girl. She's British.
    10 My friends are Irish. They're from Ireland.
    4 The Thames is river in Britain.
    7 There are ten cats in house.
    6 Can I have little water?
    9 Jean is French. He's French student.
    5 There's lot of water in sea.
    11 I'll take taxi to work.
    3 British are nice people.

    Taxík (taxi) se též nazývá cab kæb, což je původní název pro drožku. Metro v britské angličtině je the underground ˈʌndəˌgraʊnd (podzemka) a londýnskému metru se říká the tube tjuːb. Let's take the tube. tedy v Londýně znamená “Pojedeme metrem.” V USA říkají metru subway ˈsʌbˌweɪ, ale v Británii je subway podchod!

    Exercise 14

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    • Spojte otázky a reakce.

    • 1 Am I disturbing you?
    • 2 What time will you be back?
    • 3 Shall we walk?
    • 4 Who are you looking for?
    • 5 Are you going on holiday?
    • 6 Is he American?
    • 7 How long will it take?
    • 8 What will you drink?
    • a No, we'll take a taxi.
    • d No, come in!
    • f I need to speak to Mr Brown.
    • g I'll leave that to you.
    • b Yes, we're going to the seaside.
    • h At about half past six.
    • c It'll be ready tomorrow.
    • e No, I think he's British.

    Zapamatujte si užitečný obrat: I'll leave that to you. - To nechám na vás. Podobně: Leave that to me. - Nech(te) to na mě.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte some, nebo any.

    8 of them are students.
    6 We haven't got milk.
    4 There aren't people.
    10 Can he speak foreign languages?
    2 Can I have water?
    5 Can you give me money?
    7 Have you got pets?
    3 Are there kids here?
    1 We need time.
    9 I can't see children.

    Exercise 16

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    • Převeďte věty z času přítomného do budoucího prostého.

    2 He isn't sleeping at home.
    12 We must do it.
    1 They are going on holiday.
    8 When are we leaving?
    10 Who's coming?
    7 We aren't at home.
    9 What are you doing?
    3 My mum is making dinner.
    4 I'm leaving in ten minutes.
    11 I can't come.
    6 He's not afraid.
    5 We are meeting at my place.

    Exercise 17

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    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    6 Kdy odjíždíš? leave
    15 Já nespím! sleep
    7 Je málo času. little
    14 Kdy přijedou? arrive
    4 Pomůžeš mi? help
    1 Angličtina je snadná. easy
    3 Neumím anglicky. speak
    8 Je něco k jídlu? anything to eat
    9 Kde se sejdeme? meet
    5 Posloucháš mě? listen
    12 Dám mu vědět. let know
    2 Učím se anglicky. learn
    11 Nejsou tam žádní lidé. no
    10 Jsou tam nějaké děti? any
    13 Kolik je hodin? what time

    Spát je anglicky to sleep, ale běžně lze užít i obrat be asleep əˈsliːp. Lze říct: He's sleeping., nebo He's asleep., Are you sleeping? nebo Are you asleep?

    Exercise 18

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Grass in spring is
    • 2 Bananas are
    • 3 Chocolate is
    • 4 The sky at night is
    • 5 Good tomatoes are
    • 6 The sea is
    • 7 Oranges are
    • 8 Snow is
    • d orange.
    • a brown.
    • h black.
    • c red.
    • g blue.
    • f green.
    • e yellow.
    • b white.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte slovo opačného významu.

    5 His English is very good, but mine is .
    4 Now we are young, but we'll be too.
    3 I'm cold and she's . I'm tall and she's .
    2 My brother is little and I am .
    6 She's sad and he's .
    1 English is easy, but Japanese is .
    8 There's too much work and too time.
    7 There will be many men but only women.

    Exercise 20

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    6 That's the house at/of/to my parents.
    8 Where is he to/for/from?
    5 It's half to/past/at six. I'm going to/at/for work.
    12 She'll be here in/at/to five p.m. I'll speak on/to/at her.
    2 She'll be back in/for/on an hour.
    9 I'll call you on/at/in the morning.
    7 Don't call me in/at/on night.
    10 We go there on/to/at weekends.
    11 It isn't far of/from/to here. We'll be there at/in/to time.
    4 What are you doing in/at/on Monday?
    1 Look at/on/to him. He's afraid at/to/of you.
    3 We'll meet in/at/on my place in/at/on the evening.

    Speak se pojí s předložkou to nebo with (mluvit s někým). Speak to obecně naznačuje spíše snahu o jednostrannou komunikaci (mluvit k někomu, z pozice autority ap.). Např.: I'll speak to him. - Promluvím (si) s ním. (domluvím mu ap.). Speak with naznačuje hlavně dialog. Např.: I'll speak with him. - Budu s ním mluvit.

    Exercise 21

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu správné tvary sloves.

    13 Mark enjoy his work.
    6 Who know about it? I let you know.
    7 How are you feel ?
    9 Stop it! It's get on my nerves.
    4 We're just work on it. It be ready soon.
    3 My brother speak four languages.
    11 I want see it. Can you show it to me?
    5 My mum have no time.
    12 We'll go shop tomorrow.
    8 They not be now. They be back soon.
    1 A man is wait there for you.
    10 What are you read ? My dad read a lot.
    2 Why are you sit here?

    České sloveso bavit (co, koho) lze často přeložit anglickým enjoy (těšit se z něčeho, užívat si něco) nebo like (mít rád, líbit se). Je však třeba mít na paměti, že proti češtině dochází u těchto sloves k obrácení podmětu a přísudku! Tedy ne, že něco baví někoho, ale někdo má rád / užívá si něco. Např.: “Baví mě to.” - I enjoy it. ap. Když něco někoho už nebaví, většinou se užije obratu be tired of ..., tedy, že už je někdo z něčeho unavený. Např.: “Už mě to nebaví.” - I'm tired of it.

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte překlady vět.

    18 Užij(te) si to tam! your stay!
    10 V kolik hodin přijdeš? What will you come?
    3 Bob má spoustu přátel. Bob a lot of friends.
    12 Jak je vysoký? How is he?
    15 Dnes večer jdeme někam ven. We're going out .
    7 Vypadá to na déšť. It looks rain.
    5 Kolik je ti let? How are you?
    11 Udělám, co budu moci. I'll do my .
    14 Mohu se tě na něco zeptat? May I you something?
    17 Bydlím v hotelu. I'm in a hotel.
    9 Uděláš to pro mě? you do it for me?
    2 Odjíždíme za 2 dny. We're in two days.
    16 Přidáte se k nám? Will you us?
    8 Neříkej mu to, prosím! Please tell him!
    1 Odkud jste? Where are you ?
    4 Jane o tom ví. Jane about it.
    13 Mohu dál? - Samozřejmě! Can I in? - Of  !
    6 Promiňte, že jdu pozdě. Sorry, I'm .

    Všimněte si, jak logicky jsou tvořena slovíčka: something - some+thing (nějaká věc - něco), nothing - no+thing (žádná věc - nic), everything - every+thing (každá věc - všechno) a anything - any+thing (jakákoli věc - cokoli). Podobně fungují slova somebody (někdo), nobody (nikdo), everybody (každý) a anybody (kdokoli). Snadno se tak naučíte hned několik užitečných slov.

    Exercise 23

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    • Doplňte vhodná slova.

    2 How is she? – She's 35.
    12 on! Hurry . You'll be late school again!
    6 He isn't here now. We will to wait for him.
    1 I'm not afraid him. He's my friend.
    13 Shall we go bus or car? – We'll a taxi.
    4 are you? – I'm fine. Thanks.
    7 We're waiting you! You are again.
    14 I'm leaving for London. – Have a safe !
    9 Can I with you? – No, you'll stay here.
    11 I'll be back soon. Will you for me?
    8 He's ! – No, he's wrong!
    3 What are the kids doing? – They're some games.
    10 Sorry, I have no time. I'm very now.
    5 What's the like? – It's raining again.

    Ke slovesu leave (odejít či odjet kam) se váže předložka for, ne to, jak by si Čech mohl myslet! Leave v podstatě říká, že někdo opouští jedno místo pro jiné. Např.: I'm leaving Prague for London. - “Odjíždím z Prahy do Londýna.” Pokud po leave následuje to, je to spíše částice uvozující infinitiv, který vyjadřuje účel. Např.: He's leaving Prague to work in New York. - Odjíždí z Prahy pracovat do New Yorku.

    Exercise 24

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    6 Vezmeme si taxi.
    16 Nejsem připravený.
    14 Co si dáte? (k jídlu ap.)
    9 Chci navštívit přítele v Londýně.
    10 Jsem Čech.
    12 Požádám ho o pomoc.
    17 Budete muset počkat.
    2 Nečekejte na mne.
    3 Dejte se druhou ulicí vlevo.
    1 Kam jedeš na dovolenou?
    11 Půjdeme?
    5 Zdržíme se tři dny.
    20 Šťastnou cestu!
    4 Bydlíme v hotelu.
    15 Jak dlouho to potrvá?
    8 Přijdeš?
    19 Vstupte!; Dále!
    18 Je mi horko.
    13 Bude to stačit?
    7 Čekáte na někoho?

    Sloveso may meɪ znamená “smět”, ale užívá se také k vyjádření potenciální možnosti či nejistoty (možná, snad ap.). Např.: You may be right. - “Možná máš pravdu”, We may go to ... - “Mohli bychom třeba jít do...”, I may be back soon. - “Možná budu brzy zpět.” ap. Více viz tvary might a may v Lekci 14.