Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte.

    6 Where are you from?
    20 I have to go.
    12 That's not true!
    13 What will you do?
    16 We can't wait.
    4 My name is ...
    10 There are many foreigners here.
    18 Have some!
    14 Shall we go?
    17 You'll have to ask him.
    3 Let me introduce myself.
    15 Can you help us?
    5 I'm not from here.
    11 How much is it?
    8 Are they waiting for me?
    2 What's your name?
    1 He's a learner of English.
    19 I hope not.
    7 Is there anybody here?
    9 That's my sister's car.

    Exercise 2

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    • Napište anglicky celými slovy číselné údaje.

    5 3.06
    6 86.05
    7 2,568
    9 376,750
    1 45 children
    3 876.7
    8 17,999.5
    10 14,064,559
    4 16.78
    2 267 people

    V angličtině lze vyslovovat vyšší číslovky i pomocí násobku celých stovek, a to i pro čísla nad 2000. Např. 1,200 - twelve hundred, 2,500 - twenty-five hundred ap. Místo slova number se před číslem často píše No. či no.

    Exercise 3

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    • Napište věty, které uslyšíte.

    5
    11
    12
    9
    1
    10
    8
    3
    7
    4
    2
    6

    Exercise 4

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    • Spojte výroky. Naučte se názvy zemí a pojmenování jejich příslušníků.

    • 1 John is English.
    • 2 Lucia is Spanish.
    • 3 Ivan is Russian.
    • 4 Helga and Kurt are German.
    • 5 Bob and Jane are American.
    • 6 Keiko is Japanese.
    • 7 Cheng is Chinese.
    • 8 Luis and Jean are French.
    • 9 Mark and Alison are Irish.
    • 10 Paolo and Valeria are Italian.
    • c They're from Germany.
    • d He's from England.
    • i They're from France.
    • g They're from the USA.
    • h He's from Russia.
    • e They're from Italy.
    • j She's from Japan.
    • b He's from China.
    • f She's from Spain.
    • a They're from Ireland.

    Další národnosti a státní příslušníky si můžete najít ve slovníku. Nestandardní jsou ale například: dánský - Danish ˈdeɪnɪʃ, ale Dán je Dane deɪn, španělský - Spanish spænɪʃ, ale Španěl je Spaniard ˈspænjəd. My ale už víme, že: “Je to Španěl.” lze říct jednoduše pomocí adjektiva: He's Spanish. Stačí si uvědomit, kdy užít anglické podstatné jméno a kdy adjektivum.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu správná zájmena.

    10 Look. There's Bob's sister! No, that's not . She has dark hair.
    3 Our dog is hungry. We must give some food.
    9 Can I speak to , John?
    4 Call your parents and ask . They'll tell you.
    6 We aren't ready. Can you wait for ?
    11 We must know this. Please, let know.
    5 Here's your milk. Drink now!
    12 I need to speak with him. Tell him to call .
    1 There's my brother. Go ask .
    2 My sister is going out tonight. I'm going with .
    7 Who's that boy? What's name?
    8 Our kids are too young. We can't take with us.

    Need to se užívá i jako muset (nutnost plynoucí z okolností). Např.: You need to stop it. - Musíš toho nechat., You need to listen to me. - Musíš mě poslouchat.

    Exercise 6

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    • Uspořádejte slova do vět podle běžného anglického slovosledu.

    5 will - I - it - tell - tomorrow - him - about.
    7 back - will - we - be - about - six - at - p.m.
    3 her - tell - about - don't - it!
    1 speak - to - need - I - you - to.
    2 long - it - take - will - how?
    8 like - weather - is - what - the - today?
    6 your - do - homework - when - you - will?
    4 you - the - tonight - coming - party - to - are?

    Exercise 7

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    • Doplňte do věty vhodné tvary slovesa be v přítomném čase.

    4 I must hurry. My children waiting for me.
    11 How much money there? There 15 dollars.
    8 Water good for you.
    5 these books yours?
    10 Why you laughing?
    2 There lots of children.
    12 It true! He lying!
    1 Peter, you coming to the party tonight?
    9 I right? No, you wrong!
    3 What going on?
    7 Our children too young for that.
    6 I not afraid of you.

    Do you get the joke? - Rozumíte vtipu? (Můžete užít slovník.): I have 10 legs, 8 arms and 3 heads. What am I? - A liar!

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte podle nápovědy správné tvary přivlastňovacích zájmen.

    4 It'll be at our house, not they .
    6 He can't call you. he phone isn't working.
    7 The kids are hungry. They want they food.
    2 You can't have it. It isn't you .
    1 What's that girl's name? she name is Jane.
    3 There are many parents with they children.
    5 Is that your dog? What's it name?
    10 We want something for we children.
    9 He's a good friend of I .
    8 I phone isn't working. Can I use you ?

    Exercise 9

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    4 My sister is six feet long/tall/big.
    7 There will be not/no/any foreigners.
    11 We're leaving/going/walking out tonight.
    10 I'm making/doing/putting my best. It'll be ready in/at/on 30 minutes.
    12 We'll meet in/at/on my place in/at/on 6 p.m.
    1 How much/old/tall is your dad? – He's 43.
    9 Will you get/let/give me know?
    8 Don't lie! Tell me the true/truth/right.
    13 Come for/to/on! We must hurry. We'll be late in/for/to school.
    3 How much/many/little people will there be?
    5 What book are you watching/looking/reading?
    14 Is it long/far/short from here?. No, you can walk there.
    6 I'm looking/seeing/watching TV now.
    2 Which/Who/What are you looking for? – I'm looking for you.

    Jít pěšky lze anglicky říct prostě jen walk, nebo také go on foot (jít na noze).

    Exercise 10

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    • Doplňte do věty much nebo many.

    1 How money will you need?
    3 They've got kids and very little time.
    6 How luggage have you got?
    9 How is this car?
    10 There are too cars.
    8 Hurry up. There isn't time.
    4 There isn't milk here.
    2 There won't be people.
    7 How friends are coming?
    5 That's too information.

    Exercise 11

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    • Doplňte do věty záporné stažené tvary slovesa be v přítomném čase.

    4 His parents glad.
    3 My brother here.
    8 There many foreigners there.
    1 I ready.
    7 We very happy.
    5 There any kids.
    11 English phrases easy.
    9 There any money.
    6 This book mine.
    2 She my sister.
    10 Why you at school?

    Exercise 12

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    1 John is leaving tomorrow.
    12 We're going out tonight.
    7 Jane and Bob are coming.
    2 He's reading a book.
    5 They're playing a game.
    4 I'm writing an e-mail.
    10 I'm not listening to you.
    6 We're going on holiday.
    11 My friends are having fun.
    3 Jane is still sleeping.
    9 I'm watching a film on TV.
    8 Mark is visiting his friend.

    Exercise 13

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    • Doplňte určité a neurčité členy, kde jsou třeba.

    7 There are ten cats in house.
    4 The Thames is river in Britain.
    2 Bob is American. He has house in USA.
    5 There's lot of water in sea.
    8 She's good friend of mine.
    1 Jane is nice girl. She's British.
    11 I'll take taxi to work.
    6 Can I have little water?
    10 My friends are Irish. They're from Ireland.
    9 Jean is French. He's French student.
    3 British are nice people.

    Taxík (taxi) se též nazývá cab kæb, což je původní název pro drožku. Metro v britské angličtině je the underground ˈʌndəˌgraʊnd (podzemka) a londýnskému metru se říká the tube tjuːb. Let's take the tube. tedy v Londýně znamená “Pojedeme metrem.” V USA říkají metru subway ˈsʌbˌweɪ, ale v Británii je subway podchod!

    Exercise 14

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    • Spojte otázky a reakce.

    • 1 Am I disturbing you?
    • 2 What time will you be back?
    • 3 Shall we walk?
    • 4 Who are you looking for?
    • 5 Are you going on holiday?
    • 6 Is he American?
    • 7 How long will it take?
    • 8 What will you drink?
    • a No, we'll take a taxi.
    • f I need to speak to Mr Brown.
    • g I'll leave that to you.
    • h At about half past six.
    • e No, I think he's British.
    • c It'll be ready tomorrow.
    • d No, come in!
    • b Yes, we're going to the seaside.

    Zapamatujte si užitečný obrat: I'll leave that to you. - To nechám na vás. Podobně: Leave that to me. - Nech(te) to na mě.

    Exercise 15

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    • Doplňte some, nebo any.

    3 Are there kids here?
    4 There aren't people.
    6 We haven't got milk.
    10 Can he speak foreign languages?
    7 Have you got pets?
    5 Can you give me money?
    1 We need time.
    8 of them are students.
    2 Can I have water?
    9 I can't see children.

    Exercise 16

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    • Převeďte věty z času přítomného do budoucího prostého.

    10 Who's coming?
    4 I'm leaving in ten minutes.
    7 We aren't at home.
    3 My mum is making dinner.
    6 He's not afraid.
    9 What are you doing?
    1 They are going on holiday.
    8 When are we leaving?
    12 We must do it.
    5 We are meeting at my place.
    11 I can't come.
    2 He isn't sleeping at home.

    Exercise 17

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    • Řekněte anglicky. Použijte nápovědu.

    8 Je něco k jídlu? anything to eat
    3 Neumím anglicky. speak
    5 Posloucháš mě? listen
    13 Kolik je hodin? what time
    6 Kdy odjíždíš? leave
    1 Angličtina je snadná. easy
    11 Nejsou tam žádní lidé. no
    4 Pomůžeš mi? help
    7 Je málo času. little
    10 Jsou tam nějaké děti? any
    15 Já nespím! sleep
    14 Kdy přijedou? arrive
    2 Učím se anglicky. learn
    12 Dám mu vědět. let know
    9 Kde se sejdeme? meet

    Spát je anglicky to sleep, ale běžně lze užít i obrat be asleep əˈsliːp. Lze říct: He's sleeping., nebo He's asleep., Are you sleeping? nebo Are you asleep?

    Exercise 18

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Grass in spring is
    • 2 Bananas are
    • 3 Chocolate is
    • 4 The sky at night is
    • 5 Good tomatoes are
    • 6 The sea is
    • 7 Oranges are
    • 8 Snow is
    • b white.
    • g blue.
    • a brown.
    • d orange.
    • h black.
    • e yellow.
    • f green.
    • c red.

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte slovo opačného významu.

    8 There's too much work and too time.
    3 I'm cold and she's . I'm tall and she's .
    5 His English is very good, but mine is .
    1 English is easy, but Japanese is .
    4 Now we are young, but we'll be too.
    6 She's sad and he's .
    7 There will be many men but only women.
    2 My brother is little and I am .

    Exercise 20

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    • Vyberte správnou předložku.

    11 It isn't far of/from/to here. We'll be there at/in/to time.
    8 Where is he to/for/from?
    9 I'll call you on/at/in the morning.
    4 What are you doing in/at/on Monday?
    5 It's half to/past/at six. I'm going to/at/for work.
    2 She'll be back in/for/on an hour.
    1 Look at/on/to him. He's afraid at/to/of you.
    10 We go there on/to/at weekends.
    3 We'll meet in/at/on my place in/at/on the evening.
    6 That's the house at/of/to my parents.
    7 Don't call me in/at/on night.
    12 She'll be here in/at/to five p.m. I'll speak on/to/at her.

    Speak se pojí s předložkou to nebo with (mluvit s někým). Speak to obecně naznačuje spíše snahu o jednostrannou komunikaci (mluvit k někomu, z pozice autority ap.). Např.: I'll speak to him. - Promluvím (si) s ním. (domluvím mu ap.). Speak with naznačuje hlavně dialog. Např.: I'll speak with him. - Budu s ním mluvit.

    Exercise 21

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu správné tvary sloves.

    2 Why are you sit here?
    8 They not be now. They be back soon.
    10 What are you read ? My dad read a lot.
    11 I want see it. Can you show it to me?
    13 Mark enjoy his work.
    6 Who know about it? I let you know.
    5 My mum have no time.
    1 A man is wait there for you.
    9 Stop it! It's get on my nerves.
    4 We're just work on it. It be ready soon.
    12 We'll go shop tomorrow.
    7 How are you feel ?
    3 My brother speak four languages.

    České sloveso bavit (co, koho) lze často přeložit anglickým enjoy (těšit se z něčeho, užívat si něco) nebo like (mít rád, líbit se). Je však třeba mít na paměti, že proti češtině dochází u těchto sloves k obrácení podmětu a přísudku! Tedy ne, že něco baví někoho, ale někdo má rád / užívá si něco. Např.: “Baví mě to.” - I enjoy it. ap. Když něco někoho už nebaví, většinou se užije obratu be tired of ..., tedy, že už je někdo z něčeho unavený. Např.: “Už mě to nebaví.” - I'm tired of it.

    Exercise 22

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    • Doplňte překlady vět.

    11 Udělám, co budu moci. I'll do my .
    15 Dnes večer jdeme někam ven. We're going out .
    17 Bydlím v hotelu. I'm in a hotel.
    1 Odkud jste? Where are you ?
    14 Mohu se tě na něco zeptat? May I you something?
    12 Jak je vysoký? How is he?
    10 V kolik hodin přijdeš? What will you come?
    13 Mohu dál? - Samozřejmě! Can I in? - Of  !
    5 Kolik je ti let? How are you?
    7 Vypadá to na déšť. It looks rain.
    9 Uděláš to pro mě? you do it for me?
    6 Promiňte, že jdu pozdě. Sorry, I'm .
    4 Jane o tom ví. Jane about it.
    16 Přidáte se k nám? Will you us?
    8 Neříkej mu to, prosím! Please tell him!
    3 Bob má spoustu přátel. Bob a lot of friends.
    2 Odjíždíme za 2 dny. We're in two days.
    18 Užij(te) si to tam! your stay!

    Všimněte si, jak logicky jsou tvořena slovíčka: something - some+thing (nějaká věc - něco), nothing - no+thing (žádná věc - nic), everything - every+thing (každá věc - všechno) a anything - any+thing (jakákoli věc - cokoli). Podobně fungují slova somebody (někdo), nobody (nikdo), everybody (každý) a anybody (kdokoli). Snadno se tak naučíte hned několik užitečných slov.

    Exercise 23

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    • Doplňte vhodná slova.

    14 I'm leaving for London. – Have a safe !
    10 Sorry, I have no time. I'm very now.
    2 How is she? – She's 35.
    9 Can I with you? – No, you'll stay here.
    7 We're waiting you! You are again.
    1 I'm not afraid him. He's my friend.
    5 What's the like? – It's raining again.
    12 on! Hurry . You'll be late school again!
    4 are you? – I'm fine. Thanks.
    8 He's ! – No, he's wrong!
    3 What are the kids doing? – They're some games.
    13 Shall we go bus or car? – We'll a taxi.
    6 He isn't here now. We will to wait for him.
    11 I'll be back soon. Will you for me?

    Ke slovesu leave (odejít či odjet kam) se váže předložka for, ne to, jak by si Čech mohl myslet! Leave v podstatě říká, že někdo opouští jedno místo pro jiné. Např.: I'm leaving Prague for London. - “Odjíždím z Prahy do Londýna.” Pokud po leave následuje to, je to spíše částice uvozující infinitiv, který vyjadřuje účel. Např.: He's leaving Prague to work in New York. - Odjíždí z Prahy pracovat do New Yorku.

    Exercise 24

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    10 Jsem Čech.
    18 Je mi horko.
    1 Kam jedeš na dovolenou?
    13 Bude to stačit?
    9 Chci navštívit přítele v Londýně.
    12 Požádám ho o pomoc.
    6 Vezmeme si taxi.
    17 Budete muset počkat.
    2 Nečekejte na mne.
    5 Zdržíme se tři dny.
    8 Přijdeš?
    15 Jak dlouho to potrvá?
    16 Nejsem připravený.
    11 Půjdeme?
    14 Co si dáte? (k jídlu ap.)
    4 Bydlíme v hotelu.
    3 Dejte se druhou ulicí vlevo.
    20 Šťastnou cestu!
    7 Čekáte na někoho?
    19 Vstupte!; Dále!

    Sloveso may meɪ znamená “smět”, ale užívá se také k vyjádření potenciální možnosti či nejistoty (možná, snad ap.). Např.: You may be right. - “Možná máš pravdu”, We may go to ... - “Mohli bychom třeba jít do...”, I may be back soon. - “Možná budu brzy zpět.” ap. Více viz tvary might a may v Lekci 14.