Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    1 She helped me.
    18 He broke his arm.
    2 We had no money.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    7 Who told you that?
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    14 We had to stay there.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    16 He began to worry.
    5 I was single when we met.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    12 I got no message from him.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    8 I thought so.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    10 We went dancing last night.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    3 There no money and she angry.
    7 The children very happy.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    8 My brother not there.
    6 Their dog with them.
    9 There parties every day.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    1 Where you last night?
    2 I at work and they at home.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • f Koupil si auto.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    3 the children, be, good?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    12 Who, give you this?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    10 When, he, call?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    7 we, have to wait.
    2 she, call, you?
    8 It, be cold?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    6 I, think so.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • b I told them about it.
    • g It took about three days.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • e Not bad. And yours?

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    8 We met a long time .
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    9 How long was it?
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    3 Bob called me two days .

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    6 Jane will make dinner.
    14 I'll let him know.
    10 Will you go there?
    9 Will they send it?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    11 When will she come?
    5 You'll break it.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    1 She'll be there.
    7 We'll go there together.
    13 Who will buy it?
    12 I won't tell him!

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

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    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    6
    9
    1
    8
    3
    10
    7
    5
    2
    12
    4
    11

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    3 When did you get up? at six
    13 What did he know? nothing
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    16 What did you drink? beer
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    1 How did you go there? by car
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    8 Did they agree? no
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    14 What did you speak about? you
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    12 Did you get my message? no

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take

    Exercise 13

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    2 Jane went there alone.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    1 We left home at seven.
    8 They sent it last week.
    6 We spoke about her.
    3 We met at John's place.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    7 We had a good time.
    9 We got there by car.

    Exercise 14

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    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    5 she, learn it
    1 he, call me.
    12 your mum, not, worry
    10 she, not, lose it
    7 they, send it to me
    3 they, sit down
    11 my parents, not, leave
    2 she, come tomorrow
    4 John, stay in bed
    6 he, take care of it
    8 your father, not, sleep
    9 children, not, watch TV

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

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    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    5 We spent the night there.
    10 He took English lessons.
    7 I thought so.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    6 He kept the money.
    1 She went there alone.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    9 I didn't try it.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    5 room No. 1068
    6 in the early 1950s
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    3 on May 13, 2011
    2 in the 1980s
    7 in 1308
    4 phone No. 678850777
    1 in the year 1898

    Exercise 17

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    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    3
    5
    4
    1
    2

    Exercise 18

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    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    3 Nebyli doma.
    6 Kdy volala?
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    5 Šel tam sám?
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.