Exercises

Exercise 1

  • sentence
  • 344

    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    4 Nobody knew about it.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    5 I was single when we met.
    1 She helped me.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    2 We had no money.
    8 I thought so.
    18 He broke his arm.
    14 We had to stay there.
    12 I got no message from him.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    16 He began to worry.
    7 Who told you that?

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

  • fil
  • 346

    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    1 Where you last night?
    3 There no money and she angry.
    6 Their dog with them.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    7 The children very happy.
    9 There parties every day.
    8 My brother not there.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    2 I at work and they at home.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

  • join
  • 348

    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • g Kde ses narodil?

    Exercise 4

  • check
  • 349

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

  • fil-table
  • 351

    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.

    Exercise 6

  • sentence
  • 352

    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    2 she, call, you?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    3 the children, be, good?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    12 Who, give you this?
    10 When, he, call?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    8 It, be cold?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    6 I, think so.
    7 we, have to wait.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    13 I, cannot, get up.

    Exercise 7

  • join
  • 353

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • d No, he had no time.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • b I told them about it.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • g It took about three days.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

  • fil
  • 355

    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    10 I'll be back midnight.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    9 How long was it?
    5 We visited the city three years .
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    8 We met a long time .
    3 Bob called me two days .
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.

    Exercise 9

  • sentence
  • 356

    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    2 Bob will come alone.
    11 When will she come?
    4 I'll send it to you.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    10 Will you go there?
    14 I'll let him know.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    7 We'll go there together.
    1 She'll be there.
    13 Who will buy it?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    9 Will they send it?
    12 I won't tell him!
    5 You'll break it.

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

  • sentence
  • 358

    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    1
    5
    2
    7
    3
    8
    11
    10
    6
    4
    9
    12

    Exercise 11

  • sentence
  • 359

    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    14 What did you speak about? you
    1 How did you go there? by car
    16 What did you drink? beer
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    12 Did you get my message? no
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    13 What did he know? nothing
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    3 When did you get up? at six
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    8 Did they agree? no

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

  • sentence
  • 361

    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot

    Exercise 13

  • sentence
  • 362

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    2 Jane went there alone.
    9 We got there by car.
    8 They sent it last week.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    1 We left home at seven.
    3 We met at John's place.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    6 We spoke about her.
    7 We had a good time.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.

    Exercise 14

  • fil-table
  • 363

    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    11 my parents, not, leave
    6 he, take care of it
    10 she, not, lose it
    8 your father, not, sleep
    12 your mum, not, worry
    9 children, not, watch TV
    4 John, stay in bed
    7 they, send it to me
    1 he, call me.
    5 she, learn it
    3 they, sit down
    2 she, come tomorrow

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

  • sentence
  • 365

    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    6 He kept the money.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    9 I didn't try it.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    7 I thought so.
    1 She went there alone.
    5 We spent the night there.
    10 He took English lessons.

    Exercise 16

  • sentence
  • 366

    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    3 on May 13, 2011
    6 in the early 1950s
    7 in 1308
    1 in the year 1898
    2 in the 1980s
    5 room No. 1068
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    4 phone No. 678850777

    Exercise 17

  • sentence
  • 367

    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    3
    2
    5
    4
    1

    Exercise 18

  • sentence
  • 368

    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place

    Exercise 19

  • sentence
  • 369

    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

  • sentence
  • 371

    • Řekněte anglicky.

    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    5 Šel tam sám?
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    6 Kdy volala?
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    3 Nebyli doma.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.