Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    14 We had to stay there.
    18 He broke his arm.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    12 I got no message from him.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    16 He began to worry.
    8 I thought so.
    5 I was single when we met.
    7 Who told you that?
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    1 She helped me.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    2 We had no money.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    9 I saw him this morning.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    4 you there too? No, I not.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    7 The children very happy.
    8 My brother not there.
    6 Their dog with them.
    1 Where you last night?
    2 I at work and they at home.
    9 There parties every day.
    3 There no money and she angry.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    3 the children, be, good?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    12 Who, give you this?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    6 I, think so.
    2 she, call, you?
    7 we, have to wait.
    8 It, be cold?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    10 When, he, call?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    5 who, bring, the books?

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • g It took about three days.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • b I told them about it.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    9 How long was it?
    8 We met a long time .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    3 Bob called me two days .

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    4 I'll send it to you.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    10 Will you go there?
    7 We'll go there together.
    13 Who will buy it?
    9 Will they send it?
    11 When will she come?
    8 He'll give it to her.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    12 I won't tell him!
    14 I'll let him know.
    5 You'll break it.
    1 She'll be there.

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

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    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    12
    7
    10
    9
    2
    4
    11
    3
    5
    1
    6
    8

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    12 Did you get my message? no
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    8 Did they agree? no
    1 How did you go there? by car
    13 What did he know? nothing
    14 What did you speak about? you
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    3 When did you get up? at six
    16 What did you drink? beer
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave

    Exercise 13

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    7 We had a good time.
    3 We met at John's place.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    9 We got there by car.
    8 They sent it last week.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    1 We left home at seven.
    6 We spoke about her.

    Exercise 14

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    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    5 she, learn it
    7 they, send it to me
    10 she, not, lose it
    4 John, stay in bed
    1 he, call me.
    3 they, sit down
    6 he, take care of it
    12 your mum, not, worry
    11 my parents, not, leave
    9 children, not, watch TV
    2 she, come tomorrow
    8 your father, not, sleep

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

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    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    4 They didn't sleep together.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    7 I thought so.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    5 We spent the night there.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    10 He took English lessons.
    9 I didn't try it.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    6 He kept the money.
    1 She went there alone.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    4 phone No. 678850777
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    2 in the 1980s
    6 in the early 1950s
    3 on May 13, 2011
    5 room No. 1068
    7 in 1308
    1 in the year 1898

    Exercise 17

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    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    2
    1
    3
    5
    4

    Exercise 18

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    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    5 Šel tam sám?
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    3 Nebyli doma.
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    6 Kdy volala?
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.