Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    10 We went dancing last night.
    16 He began to worry.
    7 Who told you that?
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    14 We had to stay there.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    1 She helped me.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    18 He broke his arm.
    8 I thought so.
    2 We had no money.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    5 I was single when we met.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    12 I got no message from him.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    6 Their dog with them.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    7 The children very happy.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    1 Where you last night?
    2 I at work and they at home.
    9 There parties every day.
    8 My brother not there.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • g Kde ses narodil?

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    12 Who, give you this?
    2 she, call, you?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    6 I, think so.
    8 It, be cold?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    7 we, have to wait.
    3 the children, be, good?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    10 When, he, call?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • b I told them about it.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • g It took about three days.
    • e Not bad. And yours?

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    8 We met a long time .
    5 We visited the city three years .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    9 How long was it?
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    7 I never go to bed ten.

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    10 Will you go there?
    4 I'll send it to you.
    1 She'll be there.
    7 We'll go there together.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    12 I won't tell him!
    14 I'll let him know.
    9 Will they send it?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    11 When will she come?
    5 You'll break it.
    13 Who will buy it?

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

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    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    7
    3
    8
    5
    10
    4
    9
    12
    11
    2
    1
    6

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    16 What did you drink? beer
    1 How did you go there? by car
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    13 What did he know? nothing
    12 Did you get my message? no
    3 When did you get up? at six
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    14 What did you speak about? you
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    8 Did they agree? no
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    5 What did you buy? bananas

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to

    Exercise 13

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    2 Jane went there alone.
    6 We spoke about her.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    8 They sent it last week.
    1 We left home at seven.
    9 We got there by car.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    3 We met at John's place.
    7 We had a good time.
    4 John bought the drinks.

    Exercise 14

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    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    9 children, not, watch TV
    7 they, send it to me
    1 he, call me.
    5 she, learn it
    6 he, take care of it
    10 she, not, lose it
    12 your mum, not, worry
    8 your father, not, sleep
    4 John, stay in bed
    11 my parents, not, leave
    3 they, sit down
    2 she, come tomorrow

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

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    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    6 He kept the money.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    5 We spent the night there.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    7 I thought so.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    10 He took English lessons.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    1 She went there alone.
    9 I didn't try it.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    7 in 1308
    3 on May 13, 2011
    6 in the early 1950s
    1 in the year 1898
    2 in the 1980s
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    4 phone No. 678850777
    5 room No. 1068

    Exercise 17

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    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    3
    2
    1
    4
    5

    Exercise 18

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    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    6 Kdy volala?
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    3 Nebyli doma.
    5 Šel tam sám?
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.