Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    9 I saw him this morning.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    2 We had no money.
    18 He broke his arm.
    1 She helped me.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    5 I was single when we met.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    7 Who told you that?
    8 I thought so.
    16 He began to worry.
    14 We had to stay there.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    12 I got no message from him.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    10 We went dancing last night.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    2 I at work and they at home.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    1 Where you last night?
    9 There parties every day.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    6 Their dog with them.
    8 My brother not there.
    7 The children very happy.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • h Věděla o tom.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    11 I, tell him about it.
    12 Who, give you this?
    7 we, have to wait.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    8 It, be cold?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    10 When, he, call?
    3 the children, be, good?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    2 she, call, you?
    6 I, think so.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • d No, he had no time.
    • g It took about three days.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • b I told them about it.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    5 We visited the city three years .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    8 We met a long time .
    9 How long was it?

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    12 I won't tell him!
    3 They'll speak about us.
    10 Will you go there?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    11 When will she come?
    7 We'll go there together.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    1 She'll be there.
    14 I'll let him know.
    9 Will they send it?
    13 Who will buy it?
    5 You'll break it.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    8 He'll give it to her.

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

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    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    8
    3
    2
    12
    1
    4
    7
    9
    10
    11
    6
    5

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    3 When did you get up? at six
    12 Did you get my message? no
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    8 Did they agree? no
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    1 How did you go there? by car
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    13 What did he know? nothing
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    16 What did you drink? beer
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    14 What did you speak about? you

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see

    Exercise 13

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    3 We met at John's place.
    7 We had a good time.
    6 We spoke about her.
    1 We left home at seven.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    8 They sent it last week.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    9 We got there by car.

    Exercise 14

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    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    12 your mum, not, worry
    3 they, sit down
    9 children, not, watch TV
    4 John, stay in bed
    7 they, send it to me
    8 your father, not, sleep
    11 my parents, not, leave
    2 she, come tomorrow
    6 he, take care of it
    10 she, not, lose it
    5 she, learn it
    1 he, call me.

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

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    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    2 They didn't bring any money.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    1 She went there alone.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    5 We spent the night there.
    10 He took English lessons.
    9 I didn't try it.
    7 I thought so.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    6 He kept the money.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    1 in the year 1898
    4 phone No. 678850777
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    5 room No. 1068
    2 in the 1980s
    6 in the early 1950s
    3 on May 13, 2011
    7 in 1308

    Exercise 17

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    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    3
    5
    2
    1
    4

    Exercise 18

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    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    6 Kdy volala?
    5 Šel tam sám?
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    3 Nebyli doma.
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.