Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    14 We had to stay there.
    2 We had no money.
    8 I thought so.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    1 She helped me.
    7 Who told you that?
    16 He began to worry.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    5 I was single when we met.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    18 He broke his arm.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    12 I got no message from him.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    2 I at work and they at home.
    1 Where you last night?
    6 Their dog with them.
    8 My brother not there.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    7 The children very happy.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    9 There parties every day.
    4 you there too? No, I not.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    12 Who, give you this?
    6 I, think so.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    10 When, he, call?
    2 she, call, you?
    7 we, have to wait.
    3 the children, be, good?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    8 It, be cold?

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • d No, he had no time.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • b I told them about it.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • g It took about three days.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    7 I never go to bed ten.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    8 We met a long time .
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    9 How long was it?

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    5 You'll break it.
    11 When will she come?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    7 We'll go there together.
    10 Will you go there?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    14 I'll let him know.
    13 Who will buy it?
    1 She'll be there.
    9 Will they send it?
    4 I'll send it to you.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    12 I won't tell him!

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

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    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    1
    6
    2
    10
    5
    3
    7
    8
    9
    11
    4
    12

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    12 Did you get my message? no
    14 What did you speak about? you
    3 When did you get up? at six
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    1 How did you go there? by car
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    16 What did you drink? beer
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    13 What did he know? nothing
    8 Did they agree? no
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep

    Exercise 13

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    4 John bought the drinks.
    6 We spoke about her.
    9 We got there by car.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    8 They sent it last week.
    3 We met at John's place.
    7 We had a good time.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    1 We left home at seven.

    Exercise 14

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    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    5 she, learn it
    3 they, sit down
    4 John, stay in bed
    7 they, send it to me
    6 he, take care of it
    9 children, not, watch TV
    2 she, come tomorrow
    11 my parents, not, leave
    1 he, call me.
    12 your mum, not, worry
    8 your father, not, sleep
    10 she, not, lose it

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

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    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    8 We didn't go there by car.
    7 I thought so.
    9 I didn't try it.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    1 She went there alone.
    10 He took English lessons.
    5 We spent the night there.
    6 He kept the money.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    11 They didn't have to wait.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    3 on May 13, 2011
    4 phone No. 678850777
    1 in the year 1898
    2 in the 1980s
    6 in the early 1950s
    7 in 1308
    5 room No. 1068
    8 from 1917 to 2016

    Exercise 17

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    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    3
    1
    4
    2
    5

    Exercise 18

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    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    3 Promluvme si. talk

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    5 Šel tam sám?
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    3 Nebyli doma.
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    6 Kdy volala?

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.