Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    4 Nobody knew about it.
    16 He began to worry.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    5 I was single when we met.
    1 She helped me.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    7 Who told you that?
    10 We went dancing last night.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    2 We had no money.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    8 I thought so.
    14 We had to stay there.
    18 He broke his arm.
    12 I got no message from him.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    2 I at work and they at home.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    8 My brother not there.
    6 Their dog with them.
    7 The children very happy.
    9 There parties every day.
    1 Where you last night?

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    13 I, cannot, get up.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    10 When, he, call?
    12 Who, give you this?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    6 I, think so.
    8 It, be cold?
    7 we, have to wait.
    3 the children, be, good?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    2 she, call, you?
    14 she, lose, the money.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • g It took about three days.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • b I told them about it.
    • c No, they couldn't come.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    8 We met a long time .
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    9 How long was it?

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    8 He'll give it to her.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    12 I won't tell him!
    11 When will she come?
    4 I'll send it to you.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    13 Who will buy it?
    5 You'll break it.
    7 We'll go there together.
    14 I'll let him know.
    10 Will you go there?
    1 She'll be there.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    9 Will they send it?

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

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    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    1
    7
    11
    9
    3
    2
    8
    12
    6
    10
    5
    4

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    14 What did you speak about? you
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    8 Did they agree? no
    12 Did you get my message? no
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    3 When did you get up? at six
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    13 What did he know? nothing
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    16 What did you drink? beer
    1 How did you go there? by car
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    15 What did he tell you? nothing

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up

    Exercise 13

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    9 We got there by car.
    1 We left home at seven.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    3 We met at John's place.
    8 They sent it last week.
    7 We had a good time.
    6 We spoke about her.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    4 John bought the drinks.

    Exercise 14

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    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    6 he, take care of it
    11 my parents, not, leave
    12 your mum, not, worry
    9 children, not, watch TV
    2 she, come tomorrow
    4 John, stay in bed
    3 they, sit down
    1 he, call me.
    5 she, learn it
    10 she, not, lose it
    8 your father, not, sleep
    7 they, send it to me

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

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    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    12 I saw her yesterday.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    10 He took English lessons.
    7 I thought so.
    5 We spent the night there.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    1 She went there alone.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    6 He kept the money.
    9 I didn't try it.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    2 in the 1980s
    7 in 1308
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    4 phone No. 678850777
    3 on May 13, 2011
    5 room No. 1068
    1 in the year 1898
    6 in the early 1950s

    Exercise 17

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    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    4
    1
    3
    5
    2

    Exercise 18

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    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    5 Šel tam sám?
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    6 Kdy volala?
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    3 Nebyli doma.
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.