Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    1 She helped me.
    7 Who told you that?
    5 I was single when we met.
    8 I thought so.
    14 We had to stay there.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    2 We had no money.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    18 He broke his arm.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    12 I got no message from him.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    16 He began to worry.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    17 I found it in my pocket.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    7 The children very happy.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    1 Where you last night?
    5 Our parents not at home.
    8 My brother not there.
    6 Their dog with them.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    9 There parties every day.
    3 There no money and she angry.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    10 When, he, call?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    8 It, be cold?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    3 the children, be, good?
    12 Who, give you this?
    6 I, think so.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    7 we, have to wait.
    2 she, call, you?

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • g It took about three days.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • b I told them about it.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • d No, he had no time.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    10 I'll be back midnight.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    8 We met a long time .
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    5 We visited the city three years .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    9 How long was it?
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    9 Will they send it?
    12 I won't tell him!
    10 Will you go there?
    7 We'll go there together.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    14 I'll let him know.
    1 She'll be there.
    13 Who will buy it?
    11 When will she come?
    8 He'll give it to her.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    5 You'll break it.

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

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    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    7
    11
    3
    5
    2
    8
    10
    9
    4
    1
    12
    6

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    1 How did you go there? by car
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    12 Did you get my message? no
    16 What did you drink? beer
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    14 What did you speak about? you
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    8 Did they agree? no
    13 What did he know? nothing
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    3 When did you get up? at six
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot

    Exercise 13

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    4 John bought the drinks.
    7 We had a good time.
    8 They sent it last week.
    9 We got there by car.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    3 We met at John's place.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    1 We left home at seven.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    6 We spoke about her.

    Exercise 14

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    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    1 he, call me.
    4 John, stay in bed
    3 they, sit down
    7 they, send it to me
    10 she, not, lose it
    9 children, not, watch TV
    12 your mum, not, worry
    5 she, learn it
    11 my parents, not, leave
    2 she, come tomorrow
    6 he, take care of it
    8 your father, not, sleep

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

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    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    6 He kept the money.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    9 I didn't try it.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    1 She went there alone.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    7 I thought so.
    10 He took English lessons.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    5 We spent the night there.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    5 room No. 1068
    7 in 1308
    6 in the early 1950s
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    1 in the year 1898
    4 phone No. 678850777
    3 on May 13, 2011
    2 in the 1980s

    Exercise 17

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    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    2
    3
    4
    1
    5

    Exercise 18

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    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    3 Nebyli doma.
    5 Šel tam sám?
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    6 Kdy volala?
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.