Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    1 She helped me.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    5 I was single when we met.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    14 We had to stay there.
    7 Who told you that?
    2 We had no money.
    16 He began to worry.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    8 I thought so.
    12 I got no message from him.
    18 He broke his arm.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    6 Their dog with them.
    1 Where you last night?
    7 The children very happy.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    8 My brother not there.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    9 There parties every day.
    5 Our parents not at home.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    11 I, tell him about it.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    8 It, be cold?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    2 she, call, you?
    6 I, think so.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    3 the children, be, good?
    12 Who, give you this?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    7 we, have to wait.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    10 When, he, call?

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • d No, he had no time.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • g It took about three days.
    • b I told them about it.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    5 We visited the city three years .
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    8 We met a long time .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    9 How long was it?

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    2 Bob will come alone.
    14 I'll let him know.
    10 Will you go there?
    13 Who will buy it?
    9 Will they send it?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    5 You'll break it.
    11 When will she come?
    7 We'll go there together.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    1 She'll be there.
    12 I won't tell him!
    8 He'll give it to her.
    4 I'll send it to you.

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

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    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    10
    5
    2
    6
    11
    1
    4
    7
    12
    3
    9
    8

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    1 How did you go there? by car
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    14 What did you speak about? you
    16 What did you drink? beer
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    13 What did he know? nothing
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    8 Did they agree? no
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    12 Did you get my message? no
    3 When did you get up? at six
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    5 What did you buy? bananas

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know

    Exercise 13

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    3 We met at John's place.
    9 We got there by car.
    6 We spoke about her.
    8 They sent it last week.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    7 We had a good time.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    1 We left home at seven.
    4 John bought the drinks.

    Exercise 14

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    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    6 he, take care of it
    5 she, learn it
    2 she, come tomorrow
    1 he, call me.
    11 my parents, not, leave
    8 your father, not, sleep
    4 John, stay in bed
    9 children, not, watch TV
    10 she, not, lose it
    3 they, sit down
    7 they, send it to me
    12 your mum, not, worry

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

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    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    1 She went there alone.
    9 I didn't try it.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    5 We spent the night there.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    10 He took English lessons.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    7 I thought so.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    6 He kept the money.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    6 in the early 1950s
    1 in the year 1898
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    2 in the 1980s
    3 on May 13, 2011
    7 in 1308
    4 phone No. 678850777
    5 room No. 1068

    Exercise 17

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    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    5
    4
    1
    3
    2

    Exercise 18

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    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    3 Nebyli doma.
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    6 Kdy volala?
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    5 Šel tam sám?
    2 Byl jste tam taky?

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.