Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    2 We had no money.
    18 He broke his arm.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    14 We had to stay there.
    16 He began to worry.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    12 I got no message from him.
    8 I thought so.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    5 I was single when we met.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    1 She helped me.
    7 Who told you that?

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    7 The children very happy.
    8 My brother not there.
    1 Where you last night?
    3 There no money and she angry.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    9 There parties every day.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    6 Their dog with them.
    4 you there too? No, I not.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    2 she, call, you?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    12 Who, give you this?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    3 the children, be, good?
    6 I, think so.
    8 It, be cold?
    10 When, he, call?
    7 we, have to wait.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    14 she, lose, the money.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • g It took about three days.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • b I told them about it.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    3 Bob called me two days .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    9 How long was it?
    5 We visited the city three years .
    8 We met a long time .
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    13 Who will buy it?
    5 You'll break it.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    7 We'll go there together.
    10 Will you go there?
    14 I'll let him know.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    11 When will she come?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    9 Will they send it?
    8 He'll give it to her.
    12 I won't tell him!
    1 She'll be there.
    6 Jane will make dinner.

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

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    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    3
    6
    10
    9
    11
    4
    5
    2
    1
    12
    8
    7

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    8 Did they agree? no
    3 When did you get up? at six
    1 How did you go there? by car
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    16 What did you drink? beer
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    12 Did you get my message? no
    14 What did you speak about? you
    13 What did he know? nothing

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see

    Exercise 13

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    2 Jane went there alone.
    9 We got there by car.
    7 We had a good time.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    8 They sent it last week.
    3 We met at John's place.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    1 We left home at seven.
    6 We spoke about her.

    Exercise 14

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    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    12 your mum, not, worry
    5 she, learn it
    8 your father, not, sleep
    2 she, come tomorrow
    6 he, take care of it
    9 children, not, watch TV
    7 they, send it to me
    3 they, sit down
    10 she, not, lose it
    1 he, call me.
    4 John, stay in bed
    11 my parents, not, leave

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

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    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    10 He took English lessons.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    9 I didn't try it.
    6 He kept the money.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    5 We spent the night there.
    1 She went there alone.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    7 I thought so.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    4 phone No. 678850777
    3 on May 13, 2011
    6 in the early 1950s
    5 room No. 1068
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    2 in the 1980s
    7 in 1308
    1 in the year 1898

    Exercise 17

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    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    4
    2
    1
    3
    5

    Exercise 18

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    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    3 Promluvme si. talk

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    3 Nebyli doma.
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    5 Šel tam sám?
    6 Kdy volala?
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    4 Kdo tam šel?

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.