Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    7 Who told you that?
    12 I got no message from him.
    8 I thought so.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    18 He broke his arm.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    1 She helped me.
    16 He began to worry.
    5 I was single when we met.
    14 We had to stay there.
    2 We had no money.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    9 There parties every day.
    8 My brother not there.
    7 The children very happy.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    6 Their dog with them.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    1 Where you last night?
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    2 I at work and they at home.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    13 I, cannot, get up.
    3 the children, be, good?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    7 we, have to wait.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    2 she, call, you?
    10 When, he, call?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    6 I, think so.
    8 It, be cold?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    12 Who, give you this?

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • b I told them about it.
    • g It took about three days.
    • e Not bad. And yours?

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    3 Bob called me two days .
    5 We visited the city three years .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    8 We met a long time .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    9 How long was it?
    7 I never go to bed ten.

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    6 Jane will make dinner.
    12 I won't tell him!
    5 You'll break it.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    10 Will you go there?
    14 I'll let him know.
    1 She'll be there.
    11 When will she come?
    4 I'll send it to you.
    7 We'll go there together.
    13 Who will buy it?
    9 Will they send it?

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

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    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    12
    11
    4
    3
    5
    8
    9
    2
    1
    10
    7
    6

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    3 When did you get up? at six
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    12 Did you get my message? no
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    13 What did he know? nothing
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    1 How did you go there? by car
    14 What did you speak about? you
    8 Did they agree? no
    16 What did you drink? beer

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep

    Exercise 13

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    8 They sent it last week.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    6 We spoke about her.
    7 We had a good time.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    1 We left home at seven.
    9 We got there by car.
    3 We met at John's place.

    Exercise 14

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    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    11 my parents, not, leave
    1 he, call me.
    4 John, stay in bed
    3 they, sit down
    12 your mum, not, worry
    5 she, learn it
    7 they, send it to me
    10 she, not, lose it
    6 he, take care of it
    8 your father, not, sleep
    9 children, not, watch TV
    2 she, come tomorrow

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

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    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    2 They didn't bring any money.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    10 He took English lessons.
    6 He kept the money.
    1 She went there alone.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    5 We spent the night there.
    9 I didn't try it.
    7 I thought so.
    8 We didn't go there by car.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    5 room No. 1068
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    7 in 1308
    1 in the year 1898
    6 in the early 1950s
    3 on May 13, 2011
    2 in the 1980s
    4 phone No. 678850777

    Exercise 17

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    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    2
    1
    5
    4
    3

    Exercise 18

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    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    3 Promluvme si. talk
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    5 Šel tam sám?
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    6 Kdy volala?
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    3 Nebyli doma.
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.