Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    16 He began to worry.
    2 We had no money.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    1 She helped me.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    12 I got no message from him.
    7 Who told you that?
    9 I saw him this morning.
    5 I was single when we met.
    8 I thought so.
    18 He broke his arm.
    14 We had to stay there.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    1 Where you last night?
    3 There no money and she angry.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    9 There parties every day.
    8 My brother not there.
    6 Their dog with them.
    7 The children very happy.
    2 I at work and they at home.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    3 the children, be, good?
    6 I, think so.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    12 Who, give you this?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    2 she, call, you?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    8 It, be cold?
    7 we, have to wait.
    10 When, he, call?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • b I told them about it.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • g It took about three days.
    • d No, he had no time.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    5 We visited the city three years .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    8 We met a long time .
    3 Bob called me two days .
    9 How long was it?
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    10 Will you go there?
    8 He'll give it to her.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    13 Who will buy it?
    12 I won't tell him!
    1 She'll be there.
    11 When will she come?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    5 You'll break it.
    9 Will they send it?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    14 I'll let him know.
    7 We'll go there together.

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

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    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    2
    8
    5
    11
    3
    4
    6
    1
    10
    12
    9
    7

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    16 What did you drink? beer
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    12 Did you get my message? no
    1 How did you go there? by car
    8 Did they agree? no
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    14 What did you speak about? you
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    3 When did you get up? at six
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    13 What did he know? nothing
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take

    Exercise 13

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    8 They sent it last week.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    1 We left home at seven.
    6 We spoke about her.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    3 We met at John's place.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    7 We had a good time.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    9 We got there by car.

    Exercise 14

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    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    4 John, stay in bed
    11 my parents, not, leave
    2 she, come tomorrow
    8 your father, not, sleep
    10 she, not, lose it
    7 they, send it to me
    6 he, take care of it
    9 children, not, watch TV
    5 she, learn it
    3 they, sit down
    12 your mum, not, worry
    1 he, call me.

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

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    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    5 We spent the night there.
    9 I didn't try it.
    1 She went there alone.
    10 He took English lessons.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    7 I thought so.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    6 He kept the money.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    4 They didn't sleep together.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    3 on May 13, 2011
    7 in 1308
    1 in the year 1898
    5 room No. 1068
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    6 in the early 1950s
    4 phone No. 678850777
    2 in the 1980s

    Exercise 17

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    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    1
    4
    5
    3
    2

    Exercise 18

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    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    3 Nebyli doma.
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    6 Kdy volala?
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    5 Šel tam sám?
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.