Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    10 We went dancing last night.
    1 She helped me.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    8 I thought so.
    14 We had to stay there.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    18 He broke his arm.
    12 I got no message from him.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    7 Who told you that?
    2 We had no money.
    16 He began to worry.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    5 I was single when we met.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    4 you there too? No, I not.
    7 The children very happy.
    8 My brother not there.
    1 Where you last night?
    5 Our parents not at home.
    6 Their dog with them.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    9 There parties every day.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • f Koupil si auto.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    2 she, call, you?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    7 we, have to wait.
    8 It, be cold?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    12 Who, give you this?
    6 I, think so.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    3 the children, be, good?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    10 When, he, call?
    5 who, bring, the books?

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • b I told them about it.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • g It took about three days.
    • h No, I sent her a message.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    5 We visited the city three years .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    9 How long was it?
    3 Bob called me two days .
    8 We met a long time .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    7 I never go to bed ten.

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    8 He'll give it to her.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    1 She'll be there.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    11 When will she come?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    14 I'll let him know.
    9 Will they send it?
    12 I won't tell him!
    7 We'll go there together.
    10 Will you go there?
    5 You'll break it.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    13 Who will buy it?

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

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    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    7
    1
    5
    2
    6
    12
    3
    8
    9
    11
    10
    4

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    16 What did you drink? beer
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    14 What did you speak about? you
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    13 What did he know? nothing
    12 Did you get my message? no
    1 How did you go there? by car
    8 Did they agree? no
    3 When did you get up? at six

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave

    Exercise 13

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    1 We left home at seven.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    6 We spoke about her.
    7 We had a good time.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    9 We got there by car.
    3 We met at John's place.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    8 They sent it last week.
    2 Jane went there alone.

    Exercise 14

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    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    10 she, not, lose it
    6 he, take care of it
    4 John, stay in bed
    12 your mum, not, worry
    2 she, come tomorrow
    3 they, sit down
    1 he, call me.
    8 your father, not, sleep
    7 they, send it to me
    11 my parents, not, leave
    5 she, learn it
    9 children, not, watch TV

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

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    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    12 I saw her yesterday.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    9 I didn't try it.
    7 I thought so.
    10 He took English lessons.
    1 She went there alone.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    6 He kept the money.
    5 We spent the night there.
    11 They didn't have to wait.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    5 room No. 1068
    6 in the early 1950s
    1 in the year 1898
    3 on May 13, 2011
    7 in 1308
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    4 phone No. 678850777
    2 in the 1980s

    Exercise 17

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    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    2
    4
    5
    1
    3

    Exercise 18

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    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    3 Nebyli doma.
    5 Šel tam sám?
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    6 Kdy volala?
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.