Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    2 We had no money.
    7 Who told you that?
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    8 I thought so.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    5 I was single when we met.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    1 She helped me.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    16 He began to worry.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    14 We had to stay there.
    12 I got no message from him.
    18 He broke his arm.
    10 We went dancing last night.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    6 Their dog with them.
    7 The children very happy.
    8 My brother not there.
    9 There parties every day.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    1 Where you last night?

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • h Věděla o tom.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    8 It, be cold?
    12 Who, give you this?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    6 I, think so.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    7 we, have to wait.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    3 the children, be, good?
    10 When, he, call?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    2 she, call, you?

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • d No, he had no time.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • b I told them about it.
    • g It took about three days.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    3 Bob called me two days .
    9 How long was it?
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    8 We met a long time .
    5 We visited the city three years .
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    10 I'll be back midnight.

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    11 When will she come?
    1 She'll be there.
    12 I won't tell him!
    13 Who will buy it?
    7 We'll go there together.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    10 Will you go there?
    5 You'll break it.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    14 I'll let him know.
    9 Will they send it?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    6 Jane will make dinner.

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

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    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    8
    7
    4
    1
    5
    11
    12
    3
    6
    2
    10
    9

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    12 Did you get my message? no
    13 What did he know? nothing
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    1 How did you go there? by car
    8 Did they agree? no
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    14 What did you speak about? you
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    16 What did you drink? beer
    3 When did you get up? at six
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see

    Exercise 13

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    2 Jane went there alone.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    6 We spoke about her.
    1 We left home at seven.
    3 We met at John's place.
    8 They sent it last week.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    7 We had a good time.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    9 We got there by car.

    Exercise 14

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    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    2 she, come tomorrow
    6 he, take care of it
    9 children, not, watch TV
    12 your mum, not, worry
    11 my parents, not, leave
    5 she, learn it
    7 they, send it to me
    1 he, call me.
    10 she, not, lose it
    4 John, stay in bed
    3 they, sit down
    8 your father, not, sleep

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

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    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    6 He kept the money.
    1 She went there alone.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    7 I thought so.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    10 He took English lessons.
    9 I didn't try it.
    5 We spent the night there.
    2 They didn't bring any money.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    7 in 1308
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    4 phone No. 678850777
    3 on May 13, 2011
    5 room No. 1068
    6 in the early 1950s
    2 in the 1980s
    1 in the year 1898

    Exercise 17

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    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    4
    5
    3
    1
    2

    Exercise 18

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    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    3 Nebyli doma.
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    5 Šel tam sám?
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    6 Kdy volala?
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    7 Odešla před minutou.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.