Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    7 Who told you that?
    16 He began to worry.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    2 We had no money.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    14 We had to stay there.
    5 I was single when we met.
    8 I thought so.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    12 I got no message from him.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    18 He broke his arm.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    1 She helped me.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    9 There parties every day.
    1 Where you last night?
    5 Our parents not at home.
    8 My brother not there.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    6 Their dog with them.
    7 The children very happy.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    3 There no money and she angry.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    7 we, have to wait.
    2 she, call, you?
    12 Who, give you this?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    3 the children, be, good?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    8 It, be cold?
    10 When, he, call?
    6 I, think so.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • g It took about three days.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • b I told them about it.
    • c No, they couldn't come.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    5 We visited the city three years .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    9 How long was it?
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    8 We met a long time .

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    14 I'll let him know.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    10 Will you go there?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    11 When will she come?
    13 Who will buy it?
    5 You'll break it.
    7 We'll go there together.
    9 Will they send it?
    1 She'll be there.
    12 I won't tell him!
    8 He'll give it to her.

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

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    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    9
    8
    3
    11
    1
    6
    2
    7
    12
    5
    10
    4

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    16 What did you drink? beer
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    13 What did he know? nothing
    8 Did they agree? no
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    3 When did you get up? at six
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    12 Did you get my message? no
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    14 What did you speak about? you
    1 How did you go there? by car
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send

    Exercise 13

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    9 We got there by car.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    6 We spoke about her.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    7 We had a good time.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    3 We met at John's place.
    1 We left home at seven.
    8 They sent it last week.

    Exercise 14

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    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    9 children, not, watch TV
    2 she, come tomorrow
    12 your mum, not, worry
    3 they, sit down
    7 they, send it to me
    6 he, take care of it
    8 your father, not, sleep
    5 she, learn it
    10 she, not, lose it
    1 he, call me.
    4 John, stay in bed
    11 my parents, not, leave

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

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    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    1 She went there alone.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    7 I thought so.
    6 He kept the money.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    5 We spent the night there.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    9 I didn't try it.
    10 He took English lessons.
    4 They didn't sleep together.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    2 in the 1980s
    6 in the early 1950s
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    1 in the year 1898
    4 phone No. 678850777
    3 on May 13, 2011
    5 room No. 1068
    7 in 1308

    Exercise 17

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    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    1
    2
    4
    5
    3

    Exercise 18

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    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    5 Šel tam sám?
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    6 Kdy volala?
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    3 Nebyli doma.
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.