Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    14 We had to stay there.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    8 I thought so.
    5 I was single when we met.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    2 We had no money.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    7 Who told you that?
    18 He broke his arm.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    16 He began to worry.
    1 She helped me.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    12 I got no message from him.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    9 There parties every day.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    6 Their dog with them.
    1 Where you last night?
    7 The children very happy.
    8 My brother not there.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    2 I at work and they at home.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    2 she, call, you?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    3 the children, be, good?
    7 we, have to wait.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    6 I, think so.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    8 It, be cold?
    10 When, he, call?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    12 Who, give you this?

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • b I told them about it.
    • g It took about three days.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    9 How long was it?
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    5 We visited the city three years .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    8 We met a long time .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    6 Jane will make dinner.
    9 Will they send it?
    7 We'll go there together.
    11 When will she come?
    13 Who will buy it?
    12 I won't tell him!
    2 Bob will come alone.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    14 I'll let him know.
    5 You'll break it.
    1 She'll be there.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    10 Will you go there?

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

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    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    6
    2
    7
    4
    1
    11
    10
    8
    12
    3
    5
    9

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    14 What did you speak about? you
    13 What did he know? nothing
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    12 Did you get my message? no
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    1 How did you go there? by car
    16 What did you drink? beer
    8 Did they agree? no
    3 When did you get up? at six
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born

    Exercise 13

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    2 Jane went there alone.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    1 We left home at seven.
    9 We got there by car.
    8 They sent it last week.
    6 We spoke about her.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    3 We met at John's place.
    7 We had a good time.

    Exercise 14

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    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    5 she, learn it
    7 they, send it to me
    3 they, sit down
    1 he, call me.
    10 she, not, lose it
    11 my parents, not, leave
    6 he, take care of it
    12 your mum, not, worry
    9 children, not, watch TV
    4 John, stay in bed
    8 your father, not, sleep
    2 she, come tomorrow

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

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    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    5 We spent the night there.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    10 He took English lessons.
    1 She went there alone.
    6 He kept the money.
    7 I thought so.
    9 I didn't try it.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    2 in the 1980s
    7 in 1308
    3 on May 13, 2011
    6 in the early 1950s
    5 room No. 1068
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    4 phone No. 678850777
    1 in the year 1898

    Exercise 17

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    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    2
    1
    3
    5
    4

    Exercise 18

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    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    3 Promluvme si. talk

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    5 Šel tam sám?
    3 Nebyli doma.
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    6 Kdy volala?
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    19 Zapomeňme na to.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.