Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    5 I was single when we met.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    12 I got no message from him.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    16 He began to worry.
    7 Who told you that?
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    2 We had no money.
    8 I thought so.
    14 We had to stay there.
    18 He broke his arm.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    1 She helped me.
    9 I saw him this morning.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    7 The children very happy.
    6 Their dog with them.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    8 My brother not there.
    9 There parties every day.
    1 Where you last night?
    3 There no money and she angry.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    14 she, lose, the money.
    12 Who, give you this?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    7 we, have to wait.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    3 the children, be, good?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    2 she, call, you?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    10 When, he, call?
    6 I, think so.
    8 It, be cold?
    13 I, cannot, get up.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • b I told them about it.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • g It took about three days.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • h No, I sent her a message.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    3 Bob called me two days .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    9 How long was it?
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    8 We met a long time .
    5 We visited the city three years .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    9 Will they send it?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    13 Who will buy it?
    5 You'll break it.
    11 When will she come?
    4 I'll send it to you.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    7 We'll go there together.
    1 She'll be there.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    12 I won't tell him!
    10 Will you go there?
    14 I'll let him know.

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

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    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    3
    4
    6
    1
    11
    2
    9
    5
    8
    7
    12
    10

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    8 Did they agree? no
    1 How did you go there? by car
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    12 Did you get my message? no
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    3 When did you get up? at six
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    13 What did he know? nothing
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    14 What did you speak about? you
    16 What did you drink? beer

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send

    Exercise 13

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    3 We met at John's place.
    8 They sent it last week.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    9 We got there by car.
    7 We had a good time.
    6 We spoke about her.
    1 We left home at seven.

    Exercise 14

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    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    3 they, sit down
    1 he, call me.
    12 your mum, not, worry
    11 my parents, not, leave
    2 she, come tomorrow
    6 he, take care of it
    5 she, learn it
    9 children, not, watch TV
    8 your father, not, sleep
    10 she, not, lose it
    7 they, send it to me
    4 John, stay in bed

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

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    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    9 I didn't try it.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    7 I thought so.
    5 We spent the night there.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    6 He kept the money.
    1 She went there alone.
    10 He took English lessons.
    2 They didn't bring any money.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    4 phone No. 678850777
    5 room No. 1068
    6 in the early 1950s
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    3 on May 13, 2011
    2 in the 1980s
    1 in the year 1898
    7 in 1308

    Exercise 17

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    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    2
    4
    1
    5
    3

    Exercise 18

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    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    3 Promluvme si. talk

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    5 Šel tam sám?
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    3 Nebyli doma.
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    6 Kdy volala?
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.