Exercises

Exercise 1

  • sentence
  • 344

    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    17 I found it in my pocket.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    1 She helped me.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    8 I thought so.
    5 I was single when we met.
    18 He broke his arm.
    2 We had no money.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    12 I got no message from him.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    14 We had to stay there.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    16 He began to worry.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    7 Who told you that?

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

  • fil
  • 346

    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    9 There parties every day.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    1 Where you last night?
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    6 Their dog with them.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    7 The children very happy.
    8 My brother not there.
    2 I at work and they at home.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

  • join
  • 348

    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.

    Exercise 4

  • check
  • 349

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

  • fil-table
  • 351

    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.

    Exercise 6

  • sentence
  • 352

    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    10 When, he, call?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    7 we, have to wait.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    6 I, think so.
    12 Who, give you this?
    2 she, call, you?
    3 the children, be, good?
    8 It, be cold?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    11 I, tell him about it.

    Exercise 7

  • join
  • 353

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • g It took about three days.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • b I told them about it.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

  • fil
  • 355

    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    7 I never go to bed ten.
    8 We met a long time .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    9 How long was it?
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.

    Exercise 9

  • sentence
  • 356

    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    6 Jane will make dinner.
    1 She'll be there.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    10 Will you go there?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    12 I won't tell him!
    7 We'll go there together.
    9 Will they send it?
    11 When will she come?
    5 You'll break it.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    14 I'll let him know.
    13 Who will buy it?

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

  • sentence
  • 358

    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    4
    10
    12
    6
    7
    8
    3
    1
    2
    5
    9
    11

    Exercise 11

  • sentence
  • 359

    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    12 Did you get my message? no
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    1 How did you go there? by car
    13 What did he know? nothing
    3 When did you get up? at six
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    8 Did they agree? no
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    16 What did you drink? beer
    14 What did you speak about? you
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

  • sentence
  • 361

    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know

    Exercise 13

  • sentence
  • 362

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    6 We spoke about her.
    1 We left home at seven.
    9 We got there by car.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    3 We met at John's place.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    8 They sent it last week.
    7 We had a good time.

    Exercise 14

  • fil-table
  • 363

    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    1 he, call me.
    2 she, come tomorrow
    11 my parents, not, leave
    3 they, sit down
    5 she, learn it
    4 John, stay in bed
    10 she, not, lose it
    12 your mum, not, worry
    7 they, send it to me
    8 your father, not, sleep
    6 he, take care of it
    9 children, not, watch TV

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

  • sentence
  • 365

    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    5 We spent the night there.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    6 He kept the money.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    7 I thought so.
    9 I didn't try it.
    10 He took English lessons.
    1 She went there alone.
    2 They didn't bring any money.

    Exercise 16

  • sentence
  • 366

    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    1 in the year 1898
    2 in the 1980s
    7 in 1308
    4 phone No. 678850777
    6 in the early 1950s
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    5 room No. 1068
    3 on May 13, 2011

    Exercise 17

  • sentence
  • 367

    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    2
    4
    3
    1
    5

    Exercise 18

  • sentence
  • 368

    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place

    Exercise 19

  • sentence
  • 369

    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

  • sentence
  • 371

    • Řekněte anglicky.

    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    6 Kdy volala?
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    3 Nebyli doma.
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    5 Šel tam sám?
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.