Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    8 I thought so.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    5 I was single when we met.
    18 He broke his arm.
    16 He began to worry.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    14 We had to stay there.
    12 I got no message from him.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    1 She helped me.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    2 We had no money.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    7 Who told you that?
    9 I saw him this morning.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    7 The children very happy.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    8 My brother not there.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    9 There parties every day.
    6 Their dog with them.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    1 Where you last night?

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    12 Who, give you this?
    10 When, he, call?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    3 the children, be, good?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    7 we, have to wait.
    2 she, call, you?
    8 It, be cold?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    6 I, think so.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • d No, he had no time.
    • g It took about three days.
    • b I told them about it.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    3 Bob called me two days .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    8 We met a long time .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    9 How long was it?
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    5 We visited the city three years .

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    12 I won't tell him!
    14 I'll let him know.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    13 Who will buy it?
    7 We'll go there together.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    1 She'll be there.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    5 You'll break it.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    9 Will they send it?
    10 Will you go there?
    11 When will she come?

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

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    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    12
    2
    6
    10
    3
    9
    7
    4
    5
    11
    8
    1

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    13 What did he know? nothing
    14 What did you speak about? you
    12 Did you get my message? no
    1 How did you go there? by car
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    3 When did you get up? at six
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    8 Did they agree? no
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    16 What did you drink? beer

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep

    Exercise 13

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    2 Jane went there alone.
    6 We spoke about her.
    1 We left home at seven.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    9 We got there by car.
    8 They sent it last week.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    3 We met at John's place.
    7 We had a good time.

    Exercise 14

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    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    6 he, take care of it
    7 they, send it to me
    2 she, come tomorrow
    11 my parents, not, leave
    8 your father, not, sleep
    4 John, stay in bed
    5 she, learn it
    10 she, not, lose it
    3 they, sit down
    9 children, not, watch TV
    1 he, call me.
    12 your mum, not, worry

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

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    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    1 She went there alone.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    7 I thought so.
    6 He kept the money.
    9 I didn't try it.
    5 We spent the night there.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    10 He took English lessons.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    1 in the year 1898
    3 on May 13, 2011
    7 in 1308
    5 room No. 1068
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    6 in the early 1950s
    2 in the 1980s
    4 phone No. 678850777

    Exercise 17

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    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    5
    1
    4
    3
    2

    Exercise 18

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    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    7 Nehádejme se! argue

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    3 Nebyli doma.
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    6 Kdy volala?
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    5 Šel tam sám?
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.