Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    16 He began to worry.
    14 We had to stay there.
    18 He broke his arm.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    5 I was single when we met.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    12 I got no message from him.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    8 I thought so.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    7 Who told you that?
    9 I saw him this morning.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    1 She helped me.
    2 We had no money.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    3 There no money and she angry.
    7 The children very happy.
    8 My brother not there.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    9 There parties every day.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    1 Where you last night?
    6 Their dog with them.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • f Koupil si auto.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    8 It, be cold?
    2 she, call, you?
    3 the children, be, good?
    6 I, think so.
    10 When, he, call?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    12 Who, give you this?
    7 we, have to wait.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • b I told them about it.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • g It took about three days.
    • h No, I sent her a message.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    8 We met a long time .
    3 Bob called me two days .
    5 We visited the city three years .
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    9 How long was it?
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    11 When will she come?
    10 Will you go there?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    14 I'll let him know.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    1 She'll be there.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    13 Who will buy it?
    12 I won't tell him!
    5 You'll break it.
    7 We'll go there together.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    9 Will they send it?

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

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    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    2
    11
    8
    9
    6
    5
    3
    10
    1
    4
    7
    12

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    8 Did they agree? no
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    3 When did you get up? at six
    16 What did you drink? beer
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    12 Did you get my message? no
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    14 What did you speak about? you
    1 How did you go there? by car
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    13 What did he know? nothing
    15 What did he tell you? nothing

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take

    Exercise 13

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    9 We got there by car.
    8 They sent it last week.
    7 We had a good time.
    6 We spoke about her.
    1 We left home at seven.
    3 We met at John's place.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.

    Exercise 14

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    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    8 your father, not, sleep
    2 she, come tomorrow
    1 he, call me.
    9 children, not, watch TV
    10 she, not, lose it
    12 your mum, not, worry
    4 John, stay in bed
    7 they, send it to me
    6 he, take care of it
    5 she, learn it
    11 my parents, not, leave
    3 they, sit down

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

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    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    8 We didn't go there by car.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    5 We spent the night there.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    10 He took English lessons.
    1 She went there alone.
    7 I thought so.
    6 He kept the money.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    9 I didn't try it.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    1 in the year 1898
    3 on May 13, 2011
    6 in the early 1950s
    2 in the 1980s
    5 room No. 1068
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    4 phone No. 678850777
    7 in 1308

    Exercise 17

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    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    4
    5
    1
    2
    3

    Exercise 18

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    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    5 Šel tam sám?
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    6 Kdy volala?
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    3 Nebyli doma.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.