Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    2 We had no money.
    18 He broke his arm.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    14 We had to stay there.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    16 He began to worry.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    1 She helped me.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    7 Who told you that?
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    8 I thought so.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    5 I was single when we met.
    12 I got no message from him.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    1 Where you last night?
    7 The children very happy.
    9 There parties every day.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    8 My brother not there.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    6 Their dog with them.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    12 Who, give you this?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    6 I, think so.
    10 When, he, call?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    7 we, have to wait.
    2 she, call, you?
    3 the children, be, good?
    8 It, be cold?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • d No, he had no time.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • g It took about three days.
    • b I told them about it.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    8 We met a long time .
    5 We visited the city three years .
    9 How long was it?
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    10 I'll be back midnight.

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    13 Who will buy it?
    8 He'll give it to her.
    1 She'll be there.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    14 I'll let him know.
    9 Will they send it?
    12 I won't tell him!
    10 Will you go there?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    7 We'll go there together.
    5 You'll break it.
    11 When will she come?

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

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    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    10
    6
    2
    11
    3
    12
    7
    5
    8
    9
    4
    1

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    13 What did he know? nothing
    1 How did you go there? by car
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    8 Did they agree? no
    16 What did you drink? beer
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    14 What did you speak about? you
    12 Did you get my message? no
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    3 When did you get up? at six
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up

    Exercise 13

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    6 We spoke about her.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    9 We got there by car.
    3 We met at John's place.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    1 We left home at seven.
    8 They sent it last week.
    7 We had a good time.

    Exercise 14

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    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    12 your mum, not, worry
    7 they, send it to me
    4 John, stay in bed
    5 she, learn it
    10 she, not, lose it
    1 he, call me.
    3 they, sit down
    11 my parents, not, leave
    6 he, take care of it
    8 your father, not, sleep
    2 she, come tomorrow
    9 children, not, watch TV

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

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    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    6 He kept the money.
    10 He took English lessons.
    5 We spent the night there.
    1 She went there alone.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    7 I thought so.
    9 I didn't try it.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    2 They didn't bring any money.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    8 from 1917 to 2016
    7 in 1308
    6 in the early 1950s
    2 in the 1980s
    5 room No. 1068
    3 on May 13, 2011
    4 phone No. 678850777
    1 in the year 1898

    Exercise 17

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    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    1
    5
    2
    4
    3

    Exercise 18

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    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    7 Odešla před minutou.
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    3 Nebyli doma.
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    6 Kdy volala?
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    5 Šel tam sám?
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.