Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    8 I thought so.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    7 Who told you that?
    16 He began to worry.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    1 She helped me.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    12 I got no message from him.
    18 He broke his arm.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    14 We had to stay there.
    5 I was single when we met.
    2 We had no money.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    3 There no money and she angry.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    7 The children very happy.
    8 My brother not there.
    9 There parties every day.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    6 Their dog with them.
    1 Where you last night?

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    13 I, cannot, get up.
    10 When, he, call?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    6 I, think so.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    8 It, be cold?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    3 the children, be, good?
    2 she, call, you?
    12 Who, give you this?
    7 we, have to wait.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • b I told them about it.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • g It took about three days.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    8 We met a long time .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    9 How long was it?
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    3 Bob called me two days .

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    13 Who will buy it?
    4 I'll send it to you.
    9 Will they send it?
    12 I won't tell him!
    8 He'll give it to her.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    10 Will you go there?
    11 When will she come?
    14 I'll let him know.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    1 She'll be there.
    7 We'll go there together.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    5 You'll break it.

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

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    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    12
    2
    10
    1
    4
    7
    9
    6
    5
    3
    11
    8

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    1 How did you go there? by car
    16 What did you drink? beer
    8 Did they agree? no
    12 Did you get my message? no
    13 What did he know? nothing
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    3 When did you get up? at six
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    14 What did you speak about? you
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see

    Exercise 13

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    8 They sent it last week.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    3 We met at John's place.
    6 We spoke about her.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    7 We had a good time.
    1 We left home at seven.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    9 We got there by car.

    Exercise 14

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    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    6 he, take care of it
    11 my parents, not, leave
    12 your mum, not, worry
    3 they, sit down
    4 John, stay in bed
    1 he, call me.
    10 she, not, lose it
    2 she, come tomorrow
    7 they, send it to me
    9 children, not, watch TV
    8 your father, not, sleep
    5 she, learn it

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

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    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    11 They didn't have to wait.
    9 I didn't try it.
    6 He kept the money.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    7 I thought so.
    1 She went there alone.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    10 He took English lessons.
    5 We spent the night there.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    3 on May 13, 2011
    1 in the year 1898
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    7 in 1308
    4 phone No. 678850777
    5 room No. 1068
    6 in the early 1950s
    2 in the 1980s

    Exercise 17

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    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    4
    1
    5
    3
    2

    Exercise 18

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    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    7 Nehádejme se! argue

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    6 Kdy volala?
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    5 Šel tam sám?
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    3 Nebyli doma.
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.