Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    4 Nobody knew about it.
    7 Who told you that?
    10 We went dancing last night.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    18 He broke his arm.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    2 We had no money.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    8 I thought so.
    1 She helped me.
    16 He began to worry.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    12 I got no message from him.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    14 We had to stay there.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    5 I was single when we met.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    9 There parties every day.
    7 The children very happy.
    6 Their dog with them.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    8 My brother not there.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    1 Where you last night?

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    8 What did you find? - I this.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    10 When, he, call?
    7 we, have to wait.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    12 Who, give you this?
    3 the children, be, good?
    2 she, call, you?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    6 I, think so.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    8 It, be cold?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • g It took about three days.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • b I told them about it.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    10 I'll be back midnight.
    8 We met a long time .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    9 How long was it?
    5 We visited the city three years .
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    3 They'll speak about us.
    14 I'll let him know.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    9 Will they send it?
    13 Who will buy it?
    7 We'll go there together.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    11 When will she come?
    10 Will you go there?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    1 She'll be there.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    5 You'll break it.
    12 I won't tell him!

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

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    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    6
    4
    1
    2
    5
    11
    9
    7
    8
    12
    3
    10

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    1 How did you go there? by car
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    3 When did you get up? at six
    14 What did you speak about? you
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    8 Did they agree? no
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    16 What did you drink? beer
    13 What did he know? nothing
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    12 Did you get my message? no

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear

    Exercise 13

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    4 John bought the drinks.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    9 We got there by car.
    7 We had a good time.
    3 We met at John's place.
    6 We spoke about her.
    1 We left home at seven.
    8 They sent it last week.

    Exercise 14

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    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    10 she, not, lose it
    9 children, not, watch TV
    2 she, come tomorrow
    1 he, call me.
    12 your mum, not, worry
    7 they, send it to me
    3 they, sit down
    8 your father, not, sleep
    5 she, learn it
    6 he, take care of it
    4 John, stay in bed
    11 my parents, not, leave

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

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    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    6 He kept the money.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    1 She went there alone.
    7 I thought so.
    9 I didn't try it.
    5 We spent the night there.
    10 He took English lessons.
    12 I saw her yesterday.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    7 in 1308
    3 on May 13, 2011
    4 phone No. 678850777
    6 in the early 1950s
    1 in the year 1898
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    2 in the 1980s
    5 room No. 1068

    Exercise 17

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    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    5
    2
    4
    3
    1

    Exercise 18

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    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    3 Nebyli doma.
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    5 Šel tam sám?
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    6 Kdy volala?
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.