Exercises

Exercise 1

  • sentence
  • 344

    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    2 We had no money.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    5 I was single when we met.
    8 I thought so.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    18 He broke his arm.
    7 Who told you that?
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    1 She helped me.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    12 I got no message from him.
    14 We had to stay there.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    16 He began to worry.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

  • fil
  • 346

    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    1 Where you last night?
    2 I at work and they at home.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    6 Their dog with them.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    7 The children very happy.
    9 There parties every day.
    8 My brother not there.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

  • join
  • 348

    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • g Kde ses narodil?

    Exercise 4

  • check
  • 349

    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

  • fil-table
  • 351

    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!

    Exercise 6

  • sentence
  • 352

    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    13 I, cannot, get up.
    6 I, think so.
    12 Who, give you this?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    7 we, have to wait.
    3 the children, be, good?
    8 It, be cold?
    11 I, tell him about it.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    2 she, call, you?
    10 When, he, call?

    Exercise 7

  • join
  • 353

    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • d No, he had no time.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • b I told them about it.
    • g It took about three days.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

  • fil
  • 355

    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    5 We visited the city three years .
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    9 How long was it?
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    8 We met a long time .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    10 I'll be back midnight.

    Exercise 9

  • sentence
  • 356

    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    4 I'll send it to you.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    7 We'll go there together.
    9 Will they send it?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    13 Who will buy it?
    11 When will she come?
    1 She'll be there.
    10 Will you go there?
    5 You'll break it.
    14 I'll let him know.
    12 I won't tell him!
    3 They'll speak about us.

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

  • sentence
  • 358

    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    4
    12
    7
    1
    3
    5
    8
    2
    11
    10
    9
    6

    Exercise 11

  • sentence
  • 359

    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    12 Did you get my message? no
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    16 What did you drink? beer
    13 What did he know? nothing
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    14 What did you speak about? you
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    1 How did you go there? by car
    3 When did you get up? at six
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    8 Did they agree? no

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

  • sentence
  • 361

    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born

    Exercise 13

  • sentence
  • 362

    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    9 We got there by car.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    6 We spoke about her.
    3 We met at John's place.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    7 We had a good time.
    1 We left home at seven.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    8 They sent it last week.

    Exercise 14

  • fil-table
  • 363

    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    1 he, call me.
    12 your mum, not, worry
    3 they, sit down
    9 children, not, watch TV
    11 my parents, not, leave
    7 they, send it to me
    5 she, learn it
    2 she, come tomorrow
    6 he, take care of it
    4 John, stay in bed
    10 she, not, lose it
    8 your father, not, sleep

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

  • sentence
  • 365

    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    11 They didn't have to wait.
    6 He kept the money.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    7 I thought so.
    1 She went there alone.
    9 I didn't try it.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    5 We spent the night there.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    10 He took English lessons.

    Exercise 16

  • sentence
  • 366

    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    3 on May 13, 2011
    5 room No. 1068
    1 in the year 1898
    6 in the early 1950s
    7 in 1308
    4 phone No. 678850777
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    2 in the 1980s

    Exercise 17

  • sentence
  • 367

    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    2
    1
    4
    5
    3

    Exercise 18

  • sentence
  • 368

    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here

    Exercise 19

  • sentence
  • 369

    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

  • sentence
  • 371

    • Řekněte anglicky.

    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    3 Nebyli doma.
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    6 Kdy volala?
    5 Šel tam sám?

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.