Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    1 She helped me.
    2 We had no money.
    12 I got no message from him.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    18 He broke his arm.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    7 Who told you that?
    14 We had to stay there.
    8 I thought so.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    16 He began to worry.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    5 I was single when we met.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    2 I at work and they at home.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    7 The children very happy.
    8 My brother not there.
    9 There parties every day.
    6 Their dog with them.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    1 Where you last night?

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    8 It, be cold?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    12 Who, give you this?
    3 the children, be, good?
    2 she, call, you?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    7 we, have to wait.
    10 When, he, call?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    6 I, think so.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • d No, he had no time.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • g It took about three days.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • b I told them about it.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    3 Bob called me two days .
    8 We met a long time .
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    9 How long was it?
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    10 I'll be back midnight.

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    12 I won't tell him!
    8 He'll give it to her.
    11 When will she come?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    13 Who will buy it?
    2 Bob will come alone.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    10 Will you go there?
    1 She'll be there.
    7 We'll go there together.
    14 I'll let him know.
    5 You'll break it.
    9 Will they send it?
    4 I'll send it to you.

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

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    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    9
    1
    6
    3
    7
    11
    4
    2
    8
    5
    12
    10

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    3 When did you get up? at six
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    13 What did he know? nothing
    16 What did you drink? beer
    12 Did you get my message? no
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    14 What did you speak about? you
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    1 How did you go there? by car
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    8 Did they agree? no
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear

    Exercise 13

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    8 They sent it last week.
    1 We left home at seven.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    6 We spoke about her.
    3 We met at John's place.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    7 We had a good time.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    9 We got there by car.

    Exercise 14

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    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    12 your mum, not, worry
    10 she, not, lose it
    3 they, sit down
    9 children, not, watch TV
    7 they, send it to me
    11 my parents, not, leave
    4 John, stay in bed
    6 he, take care of it
    2 she, come tomorrow
    5 she, learn it
    8 your father, not, sleep
    1 he, call me.

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

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    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    12 I saw her yesterday.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    5 We spent the night there.
    10 He took English lessons.
    6 He kept the money.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    1 She went there alone.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    9 I didn't try it.
    7 I thought so.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    8 from 1917 to 2016
    4 phone No. 678850777
    3 on May 13, 2011
    5 room No. 1068
    1 in the year 1898
    6 in the early 1950s
    7 in 1308
    2 in the 1980s

    Exercise 17

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    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    5
    1
    2
    4
    3

    Exercise 18

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    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    3 Promluvme si. talk
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    3 Nebyli doma.
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    5 Šel tam sám?
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    6 Kdy volala?
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    4 Kdo tam šel?

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.