Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    14 We had to stay there.
    5 I was single when we met.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    8 I thought so.
    2 We had no money.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    16 He began to worry.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    12 I got no message from him.
    18 He broke his arm.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    1 She helped me.
    7 Who told you that?
    9 I saw him this morning.
    4 Nobody knew about it.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    5 Our parents not at home.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    8 My brother not there.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    7 The children very happy.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    6 Their dog with them.
    9 There parties every day.
    1 Where you last night?

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    8 It, be cold?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    10 When, he, call?
    6 I, think so.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    12 Who, give you this?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    14 she, lose, the money.
    3 the children, be, good?
    7 we, have to wait.
    2 she, call, you?
    5 who, bring, the books?

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • b I told them about it.
    • g It took about three days.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    7 I never go to bed ten.
    8 We met a long time .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    9 How long was it?
    5 We visited the city three years .
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    10 I'll be back midnight.

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    7 We'll go there together.
    13 Who will buy it?
    8 He'll give it to her.
    12 I won't tell him!
    10 Will you go there?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    11 When will she come?
    1 She'll be there.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    14 I'll let him know.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    5 You'll break it.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    9 Will they send it?

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

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    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    3
    9
    4
    8
    10
    1
    5
    7
    6
    2
    12
    11

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    14 What did you speak about? you
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    13 What did he know? nothing
    8 Did they agree? no
    16 What did you drink? beer
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    3 When did you get up? at six
    1 How did you go there? by car
    12 Did you get my message? no
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    5 What did you buy? bananas

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave

    Exercise 13

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    4 John bought the drinks.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    3 We met at John's place.
    1 We left home at seven.
    6 We spoke about her.
    9 We got there by car.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    8 They sent it last week.
    7 We had a good time.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.

    Exercise 14

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    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    3 they, sit down
    6 he, take care of it
    9 children, not, watch TV
    4 John, stay in bed
    5 she, learn it
    10 she, not, lose it
    8 your father, not, sleep
    7 they, send it to me
    1 he, call me.
    12 your mum, not, worry
    2 she, come tomorrow
    11 my parents, not, leave

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

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    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    2 They didn't bring any money.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    5 We spent the night there.
    10 He took English lessons.
    7 I thought so.
    1 She went there alone.
    6 He kept the money.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    9 I didn't try it.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    7 in 1308
    6 in the early 1950s
    4 phone No. 678850777
    1 in the year 1898
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    5 room No. 1068
    2 in the 1980s
    3 on May 13, 2011

    Exercise 17

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    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    4
    3
    5
    1
    2

    Exercise 18

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    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    3 Nebyli doma.
    5 Šel tam sám?
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    6 Kdy volala?
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    20 Nemluvme o tom!

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.