Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    7 Who told you that?
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    1 She helped me.
    8 I thought so.
    12 I got no message from him.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    5 I was single when we met.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    14 We had to stay there.
    18 He broke his arm.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    16 He began to worry.
    2 We had no money.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    5 Our parents not at home.
    1 Where you last night?
    8 My brother not there.
    7 The children very happy.
    9 There parties every day.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    6 Their dog with them.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    4 you there too? No, I not.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • g Kde ses narodil?

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    2 she, call, you?
    6 I, think so.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    3 the children, be, good?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    7 we, have to wait.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    12 Who, give you this?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    10 When, he, call?
    8 It, be cold?

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • b I told them about it.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • g It took about three days.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • c No, they couldn't come.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    3 Bob called me two days .
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    9 How long was it?
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    8 We met a long time .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    5 We visited the city three years .

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    4 I'll send it to you.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    14 I'll let him know.
    13 Who will buy it?
    12 I won't tell him!
    11 When will she come?
    7 We'll go there together.
    1 She'll be there.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    9 Will they send it?
    10 Will you go there?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    5 You'll break it.
    2 Bob will come alone.

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

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    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

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    6
    9
    2
    10
    12
    7
    8
    3
    5
    11
    4

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    3 When did you get up? at six
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    13 What did he know? nothing
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    16 What did you drink? beer
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    12 Did you get my message? no
    14 What did you speak about? you
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    8 Did they agree? no
    1 How did you go there? by car
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced

    Exercise 13

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    7 We had a good time.
    9 We got there by car.
    1 We left home at seven.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    8 They sent it last week.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    3 We met at John's place.
    6 We spoke about her.

    Exercise 14

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    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    10 she, not, lose it
    11 my parents, not, leave
    4 John, stay in bed
    1 he, call me.
    2 she, come tomorrow
    7 they, send it to me
    12 your mum, not, worry
    6 he, take care of it
    8 your father, not, sleep
    9 children, not, watch TV
    3 they, sit down
    5 she, learn it

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

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    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    5 We spent the night there.
    7 I thought so.
    10 He took English lessons.
    6 He kept the money.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    1 She went there alone.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    9 I didn't try it.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    7 in 1308
    2 in the 1980s
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    1 in the year 1898
    6 in the early 1950s
    4 phone No. 678850777
    5 room No. 1068
    3 on May 13, 2011

    Exercise 17

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    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    1
    5
    4
    2
    3

    Exercise 18

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    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    6 Kdy volala?
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    5 Šel tam sám?
    3 Nebyli doma.
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.