Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    17 I found it in my pocket.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    1 She helped me.
    8 I thought so.
    7 Who told you that?
    9 I saw him this morning.
    12 I got no message from him.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    14 We had to stay there.
    2 We had no money.
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    18 He broke his arm.
    16 He began to worry.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    5 I was single when we met.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    6 Their dog with them.
    1 Where you last night?
    8 My brother not there.
    7 The children very happy.
    9 There parties every day.
    2 I at work and they at home.
    3 There no money and she angry.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    5 Our parents not at home.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    10 When, he, call?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    6 I, think so.
    5 who, bring, the books?
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    3 the children, be, good?
    2 she, call, you?
    12 Who, give you this?
    7 we, have to wait.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    8 It, be cold?
    1 We, go there, yesterday.

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • g It took about three days.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • c No, they couldn't come.
    • b I told them about it.
    • d No, he had no time.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    3 Bob called me two days .
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    8 We met a long time .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    9 How long was it?
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    5 We visited the city three years .
    10 I'll be back midnight.

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    5 You'll break it.
    3 They'll speak about us.
    7 We'll go there together.
    13 Who will buy it?
    11 When will she come?
    9 Will they send it?
    8 He'll give it to her.
    12 I won't tell him!
    4 I'll send it to you.
    1 She'll be there.
    10 Will you go there?
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    14 I'll let him know.
    2 Bob will come alone.

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

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    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    8
    3
    6
    5
    2
    11
    10
    9
    12
    7
    4
    1

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    14 What did you speak about? you
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    16 What did you drink? beer
    3 When did you get up? at six
    8 Did they agree? no
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    12 Did you get my message? no
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    13 What did he know? nothing
    15 What did he tell you? nothing
    1 How did you go there? by car

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear

    Exercise 13

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    4 John bought the drinks.
    8 They sent it last week.
    7 We had a good time.
    3 We met at John's place.
    2 Jane went there alone.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    6 We spoke about her.
    1 We left home at seven.
    9 We got there by car.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.

    Exercise 14

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    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    7 they, send it to me
    10 she, not, lose it
    2 she, come tomorrow
    5 she, learn it
    12 your mum, not, worry
    8 your father, not, sleep
    9 children, not, watch TV
    1 he, call me.
    6 he, take care of it
    4 John, stay in bed
    11 my parents, not, leave
    3 they, sit down

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

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    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    10 He took English lessons.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    9 I didn't try it.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    7 I thought so.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    6 He kept the money.
    1 She went there alone.
    5 We spent the night there.
    11 They didn't have to wait.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    2 in the 1980s
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    7 in 1308
    5 room No. 1068
    1 in the year 1898
    3 on May 13, 2011
    4 phone No. 678850777
    6 in the early 1950s

    Exercise 17

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    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    3
    5
    4
    1
    2

    Exercise 18

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    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.
    3 Nebyli doma.
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    5 Šel tam sám?
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    6 Kdy volala?
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.