Exercises

Exercise 1

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    • Čtěte nahlas a přeložte. Všímejte si stavby anglické věty a tvarů sloves.

    14 We had to stay there.
    9 I saw him this morning.
    11 She left a few minutes ago.
    13 Sorry, I couldn't come.
    6 I spoke with him yesterday.
    10 We went dancing last night.
    7 Who told you that?
    4 Nobody knew about it.
    17 I found it in my pocket.
    5 I was single when we met.
    16 He began to worry.
    3 Jane was here an hour ago.
    8 I thought so.
    15 I wasn't able to find it.
    18 He broke his arm.
    2 We had no money.
    1 She helped me.
    12 I got no message from him.

    Všimněte si užití anglického přivlastňovacího zájmena pro vyjádření českého si (způsobit či udělat sám sobě). Např. She broke her leg. - Zlomila si nohu. (Zlomila svou nohu.), He put it in his pocket. - Dal si to do kapsy., He broke his phone. - Rozbil si telefon., She tied her hair back. - Svázala si vlasy dozadu. ap.

    Exercise 2

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    • Doplňte správné tvary slovesa be v čase minulém prostém.

    2 I at work and they at home.
    4 you there too? No, I not.
    8 My brother not there.
    5 Our parents not at home.
    7 The children very happy.
    10 Me and my sister afraid.
    1 Where you last night?
    6 Their dog with them.
    9 There parties every day.
    3 There no money and she angry.

    Pozor na odlišnou výslovnost where a were! Např.: Where were you? wεəˈwɜːjuː

    Exercise 3

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    • Spojte odpovídající výroky.

    • 1 She knew about it.
    • 2 Where were you born?
    • 3 We spoke about you.
    • 4 I gave him some money.
    • 5 He bought a car.
    • 6 We spent two days there.
    • 7 I made a mistake.
    • 8 I wasn't at home.
    • f Koupil si auto.
    • g Kde ses narodil?
    • b Dal jsem mu nějaké peníze.
    • e Udělal jsem chybu.
    • h Věděla o tom.
    • a Mluvili jsme o tobě.
    • c Strávili jsme tam dva dny.
    • d Nebyl jsem doma.

    Exercise 4

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    • Vyberte vhodné slovo.

    8 Did she get the car from him? - No, she bought/thought/felt it.
    5 Did you call him? - No, I spoke/sent/spent him a message.
    9 They made/met/took on the bus and went/gave/became friends.
    10 She lost/losed/losted it and I finded/found/founded it.
    7 Where did they get the money? - They spent/sat/sold their house.
    1 She couldn't come. She brought/broke/bought her leg.
    3 Did you walk? - No, we went/got/met by car.
    4 What did he want? - He found/felt/came to speak to you.
    6 When did he bring it? - He broke/brought/became it an hour ago.
    2 He had no money. I gave/gone/given him 20 dollars.

    Pozor! Některé nepravidelné tvary anglických sloves mají i zcela jiné významy. Např. tvar saw (slovesa see) je též podstatné jméno pila, tvar thought je také myšlenka, tvar broke je i přídavné jméno znamenající na mizině, bez peněz. Např.: I'm broke. - Jsem švorc., Jsem bez peněz. Found je tvar slovesa find, ale též infinitiv pravidelného slovesa, které znamená založit (organizaci ap.). Můžete tedy v minulém čase běžně narazit na tvar founded, který však není tvarem slovesa find! Např. He founded a city. - Založil město. ALE He found a city. - Našel město.

    Exercise 5

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    • Doplňte tvary zvýrazněných sloves v čase minulém prostém a přečtěte.

    5 What time did they leave? - They at five.
    18 What time did you wake up? - I up at six o'clock.
    7 How much money did you give her? - I her nothing.
    14 What did they drink? - They beer.
    16 When did she come? - She at six p.m.
    2 Did John bring those books? - No, I them.
    10 Who did you tell? - I nobody!
    8 What did you find? - I this.
    4 How did you get there? - I there by bus.
    12 How long did it take? - It about two hours.
    9 Did you read it? - I it twice.
    6 When did you send it? - I it two hours ago.
    3 Where did you go last night? - We swimming.
    15 Did Bob make this? - No, I it.
    13 Did you buy any food? - No, I only milk.
    11 Did she know about it? - No, she nothing!
    17 Did you see him there? - No, I only his sister.
    1 What did he want? - He to see you.

    Exercise 6

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    • Utvořte ze slov věty v čase minulém prostém.

    2 she, call, you?
    4 he, buy, her flowers.
    1 We, go there, yesterday.
    7 we, have to wait.
    10 When, he, call?
    5 who, bring, the books?
    3 the children, be, good?
    6 I, think so.
    9 She, leave, a minute ago.
    13 I, cannot, get up.
    11 I, tell him about it.
    12 Who, give you this?
    14 she, lose, the money.
    8 It, be cold?

    Exercise 7

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    • Spojte související výroky.

    • 1 Did he help you?
    • 2 How was your day?
    • 3 How much did you give her?
    • 4 Did you sleep well?
    • 5 Were his friends there too?
    • 6 Did you call her?
    • 7 How did they know?
    • 8 How long did it take?
    • e Not bad. And yours?
    • g It took about three days.
    • d No, he had no time.
    • h No, I sent her a message.
    • b I told them about it.
    • f No. I only slept 3 hours.
    • a I gave her a hundred euros.
    • c No, they couldn't come.

    Spojení not bad se běžně užívá ve významu celkem dobrý, (u)jde to ap.

    Exercise 8

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    • Doplňte správnou časovou předložku - before nebo ago.

    5 We visited the city three years .
    6 I saw him two days his departure.
    7 I never go to bed ten.
    9 How long was it?
    1 Try to be there nine o'clock.
    10 I'll be back midnight.
    2 We spoke about it a week at my place.
    3 Bob called me two days .
    4 He arrived a few minutes me.
    8 We met a long time .

    Exercise 9

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    • Převeďte věty z času budoucího do minulého. Všímejte si analogií.

    14 I'll let him know.
    8 He'll give it to her.
    9 Will they send it?
    7 We'll go there together.
    4 I'll send it to you.
    12 I won't tell him!
    11 When will she come?
    5 You'll break it.
    10 Will you go there?
    3 They'll speak about us.
    6 Jane will make dinner.
    1 She'll be there.
    2 Bob will come alone.
    13 Who will buy it?

    Sloveso let má ve všech časech (i minulém) stále stejný tvar. Jen v čase přítomném prostém má s 3. osobou jednotného čísla tvar lets. Např.: (minulý čas) She let him sleep. - Nechala ho spát., (přítomný čas prostý) She lets him sleep. - Nechává ho spát. Nezaměňujte ale lets (pro 3. osobu) a výzvu let's (let us)! Např. Let's go!

    Exercise 10

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    • Napište infinitivy sloves, která uslyšíte užitá ve větách v minulém čase.

    3
    8
    6
    5
    4
    10
    7
    2
    11
    9
    1
    12

    Exercise 11

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    • Odpovězte na otázky celou větou podle slov v nápovědě.

    9 How long did it take? 1 hour
    6 Where did you meet? on the bus
    2 When did he leave? an hour ago
    13 What did he know? nothing
    1 How did you go there? by car
    11 Did he make any mistakes? many
    3 When did you get up? at six
    12 Did you get my message? no
    16 What did you drink? beer
    5 What did you buy? bananas
    7 Did anybody call? nobody
    4 Who did you send it to? Bob
    14 What did you speak about? you
    8 Did they agree? no
    10 Did Bob lose it? no, I
    15 What did he tell you? nothing

    Drunk je 3. tvar (příčestí minulé PP) slovesa drink, ale i přídavné jméno opilý. Podobné je to i s dalšími slovesy, např. break a jeho tvarem broken (rozbitý, zlomený), give - given (daný), know - known (známý) či se slovesem go a jeho tvarem gone. Spojení be gone znamená být pryč. He's gone. - Je pryč. (Odešel.).

    Exercise 12

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    • Přeložte. Použijte nápovědu.

    4 Slyšel jsem o tom. hear
    3 Psal jsem jim. write to
    2 Rozvedli se. get divorced
    5 Našel to a poslal. find, send
    6 Dal jsem mu vědět. let know
    12 Viděl jsem ji včera. see
    8 Vzbudil mě se v pět. wake up
    9 Nemohl jsem přijít. cannot
    11 Kde ses narodil? be born
    1 Nechtěl přijít. want to come
    13 Trvalo mu to dva dny. take
    7 Musela odejít. have to leave
    10 Ty peníze si nechala. keep

    Exercise 13

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    • Utvořte otázky. Ptejte se na zvýrazněná slova.

    8 They sent it last week.
    6 We spoke about her.
    4 John bought the drinks.
    3 We met at John's place.
    10 We stayed in a hotel.
    9 We got there by car.
    7 We had a good time.
    5 I spent the weekend at home.
    1 We left home at seven.
    2 Jane went there alone.

    Exercise 14

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    • Utvořte ze slov nepřímé rozkazy pomocí let a tell.

    3 they, sit down
    6 he, take care of it
    9 children, not, watch TV
    5 she, learn it
    4 John, stay in bed
    7 they, send it to me
    12 your mum, not, worry
    10 she, not, lose it
    8 your father, not, sleep
    1 he, call me.
    2 she, come tomorrow
    11 my parents, not, leave

    Don't worry (about it). znamená Nedělej si (s tím) starosti. nebo Netrap se tím. Užitečný obrat: Let me worry about that. lze přeložit jako: O to se postarám já. nebo Nech to na mě. (Zařídím to.)

    Exercise 15

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    • Utvořte z vět kladných věty záporné a naopak.

    6 He kept the money.
    11 They didn't have to wait.
    12 I saw her yesterday.
    1 She went there alone.
    4 They didn't sleep together.
    10 He took English lessons.
    8 We didn't go there by car.
    9 I didn't try it.
    2 They didn't bring any money.
    3 I wasn't able to do that.
    7 I thought so.
    5 We spent the night there.

    Exercise 16

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    • Přečtěte nahlas a celými slovy časové údaje.

    2 in the 1980s
    4 phone No. 678850777
    6 in the early 1950s
    5 room No. 1068
    8 from 1917 to 2016
    7 in 1308
    1 in the year 1898
    3 on May 13, 2011

    Exercise 17

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    • Napište čísla a údaje, které uslyšíte.

    5
    2
    4
    3
    1

    Exercise 18

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    • Přeložte výzvy pomocí slovesa let. Využijte nápovědu.

    7 Nehádejme se! argue
    8 Nemluvme o tom. speak about
    4 Sedneme si tady. sit here
    9 Nemysleme na to! think about
    10 Nespěchejme! hurry
    5 Pojďme ke mně. go, my place
    6 Neztrácejme čas! waste time
    3 Promluvme si. talk
    1 Pojďme pěšky. walk
    2 Dáme si pauzu. have a break

    Exercise 19

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    • Doplňte podle kontextu chybějící údaje.

    5 Jane is Jack's daughter and Jack is Mary's son. Jane is Mary's ...
    12 John and Bob are good friends. They get ... well.
    1 Jane was born in 1990. She was 20 years old in ...
    2 John is an only child. He's got ... siblings.
    9 Bob doesn't have a wife and he has no girlfriend or boyfriend. He's ...
    8 Frank is Mary's husband and Mary is Frank's ...
    4 Jane is Frank's granddaughter. Frank is her ...
    6 Mary is Bob's grandma and Jack is Bob's grandpa. Mary and Jack are his ...
    3 Mary is Bob's grandma. Bob is Mary's ...
    7 Kate is Frank's and Jane's mother. That means that Frank and Jane are ...
    11 Mary was married, but her husband died. She is now a ...
    10 John is a little boy, but his parents died. John is now an ...

    Pozor na rozdíl ve významu mezi friend a boyfriend při překladu českého přítel! Friend je obecně přítel jako kamarád. Boyfriend resp. girlfriend je přítel resp. přítelkyně jako partner či partnerka v milostném vztahu.

    Exercise 20

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    • Řekněte anglicky.

    3 Nebyli doma.
    17 Nechal jsem to na tvém stole.
    13 Potkal jsem ho včera.
    7 Odešla před minutou.
    16 Zkoušel jsem to dvakrát.
    20 Nemluvme o tom!
    8 Co jsi dělal včera večer?
    15 Její přítel před rokem zemřel.
    4 Kdo tam šel?
    1 Byl jsem tam včera.
    19 Zapomeňme na to.
    6 Kdy volala?
    10 Udělal jsi chybu.
    2 Byl jste tam taky?
    5 Šel tam sám?
    14 Viděl jsem ji minulý týden.
    9 Nemohl jsem ho zastihnout.
    11 Poslala mi zprávu.
    18 Zapomněl jsem mu to říct.
    12 Dostal jsem od něho zprávu.

    Alone znamená sám, pokud říkáme, že někdo je bez doprovodu, osamocený ap. Např.: I live alone. - Bydlím sám., Leave me alone. znamená “Nechte mě být”. Chceme-li vyjádřit, že někdo něco dělá sám (bez cizí pomoci), je třeba užít zvratných zájmen, která v angličtině mění tvary dle osoby: I - myself, you - yourself, he - himself atd. Např. “Udělal jsem to sám.” - I did it myself., “Vyrobil to sám.” - He made it himself. ap. Více viz Zvratná zájmena v Lekci 11.